1、,Hard News,Warming up,headlines (标题), news stories, letters, editorials (社论), features (特写报道), pictures, reviews (评论文章), film and television listings, advertisements, comic strips (连环漫画), cartoons, puzzles, weather forecasts, financial figures, sports results etc,1. What you can find in a newspaper?
2、, Work in pairs and discuss the questions.,Warming up,CCTV International, China Daily, Peoples Daily, China Radio International, Shanghai Daily, South China Morning Post, Xinhua News Agency,2. Name some Chinese news sources in English,Some English-language newspapers worth mentioning may be: The Tim
3、es (泰晤士报), The Guardian (卫报, Financial Times (UK) (金融时报), The Wall Street Journal (华尔街日报), The New York Times (纽约时报), International Herald Tribune (USA) (国际先驱论坛报).,3. Name some famous international newspapers.,Warming up, Work in pairs. Look at the first sentence of the passage and decide which is t
4、he main responsibility of a journalist.,What is the responsibility of a journalist? 1 to tell the truth 2 to simplify things so that people will understand easily 3 to use a style people will enjoy reading 4 to do what the editor has asked 5 to find out as much as possible about the topic 6 not to g
5、et involved personally in the news eventNow read the passage and compare your ideas with the writers.,Skimming, Browse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it. Answer the questions of Activity 2 and 3 on page 51.,Task, Choose the best summary of the passage.,1. Journalists are huma
6、n beings like the rest of us. We cannot expect them to be completely objective when faced with difficult situations, and we cannot expect their reports to be completely accurate as a result.,Skimming,2. Journalists sometimes have to make difficult decisions about how, and what, to report. It is impo
7、rtant for everyone to realize how difficult these decisions are, and to recognize that editors and readers should share part of the responsibility for these decisions too. 3. In extreme situations, journalists should be prepared not to report the news as it happens. These situations may instead requ
8、ire them to help people in difficulty, or to take decisions about how far they can try and find out about peoples private lives.,The best summary is: 2.,Skimming, Answer the questions.,1 What is the meaning of hard in the title “Hard news”?,Hard news, in comparison with soft news, consists of factua
9、l, up-to-the-minute accounts of events taking place. But the writer is also making use of the meaning “difficult”. Journalists need to take difficult decisions.,Skimming,2 Which three typical difficult situations does the writer refer to?,Stopping illegal executions or simply photographing them; rev
10、ealing the name of a source of a story who will get into trouble as a result, or refusing to do so; publishing or not a photograph of a celebrity in a private moment. To sum up, the three Situations are: getting involved or staying neutral; protecting sources or revealing them; revealing private mat
11、ters of famous people or not.,Skimming,3 What is the job of a journalist, at first sight?,To record whats happening, accurately and based on facts.,4 What are journalists in danger of losing if they do this job?,They may lose their humanity, sympathetic attitude to other people.,Skimming,5 Which two
12、 real news events does the writer refer to?,The shooting of Lee Harvey Oswald and the death of Princess Diana in a car crash.,6 Which are the three qualities the news media should have?,Being professional, reliable and responsible to the public.,7 Why is The New York Times sometimes slower in publis
13、hing news than its rivals?,It likes to take time to check for accuracy.,Hard News,译文,Digging,1 What is the responsibility of a journalist? Is it to inform their readers? Or is it to please their editor? Is it to remain on the side of the law, at all costs? Or is it simply to write a good story? Or i
14、s there some responsibility to behave as a human being, whatever the cost or the danger?,2 Here are a few dilemmas some journalists have faced.,3 A photographer in a war zone takes photos of an army officer executing rebel soldiers. Its possible that he might have been able to stop the officer shoot
15、ing the prisoners. But he chose to honour his responsibilities towards his editor and the newspaper readers, which was to report what was happening. Should he have got involved, or was he simply doing his job?,Digging,4 A journalist is investigating a major fraud in a big city bank. A bank employee
16、reveals to her the method by which the crime was committed, and the identities of the criminals. In doing so, the employee admits his own minor implication in the crime. The police launch their own investigation, and ask the journalist to reveal the name of her source. She refuses, claiming that her
17、 professional standards oblige her to protect her sources. Should she be praised for her principles, or charged with preventing the police from solving the crime?,译文,Digging,5 A newspaper publishes photos of a well-known film actor whose career is promoted by her frequent appearances in the media. O
18、n this occasion, the photos were taken while the actor was on holiday in a private home abroad. The actor intends to take the newspaper to court for invasion of her private life. Is the newspaper simply doing what its readers expect it to do, or is the actor entitled to separate her private from her
19、 public life?,译文,Digging,6 What do you think? 7 The ethical responsibility of the journalist is endlessly discussed, both in general, and in particular cases. At first, the answer seems simple: The journalists job is to record whats happening, accurately and based on facts.,译文,Digging,8 But sometime
20、s doing a journalists job is at the cost of their humanity. When Jack Ruby shot Lee Harvey Oswald, the man arrested for killing President John F Kennedy, a photographer was present. But could he have dropped his camera and stopped Ruby from firing his gun? And if he had done so, would we know more a
21、bout who ordered the killing of the president than we do now?,译文,Digging,9 And were the photographers ethically right to pursue Princess Diana and her partner in order to obtain photos at such speeds as to cause her car to crash? Or was it a fair and reasonable news story which respected the readers
22、 right to know about a relationship affecting the state of the British royal family?,译文,Digging,10 So should the journalist always stand back and watch while people kill each other, or should they ever get involved as human beings?,译文,Digging,11 Clearly, the journalists code of practice varies from
23、country to country. Yet most acknowledge the need to report a story accurately, to provide proof of any claims or protect their sources, and to correct mistakes. The news media relies on their journalists behaviour in order to support its three most important assets: being professional, reliable and
24、 responsible to the public.,译文,Digging,Some newspapers, such as The New York Times, recognize the potential for conflict between the need for speed and accuracy, and tend to publish important stories more slowly than their competitors.,译文,Digging,12 So, the ethical responsibility of a journalist is
25、not quite as simple as it first appears. And its a responsibility that needs to be shared.13 It needs to be shared by the editors, who sometimes show shots of dead enemy soldiers, in order to convey the tragedy of the war, but not to show shots of our own dead soldiers, for fear of offending both th
26、eir relatives and the readers.,译文,Digging,译文,Digging,14 It needs to be shared by the owners of media organizations, who may accept advertising from unethical companies. They do this in order to appeal to the people who hold investments in the organization. Otherwise, they will not have the finances
27、to pursue their mission to explain.,Digging,16 We all need to accept that a journalist is not simply a hunting dog chasing a good story to be consumed like dead meat by the strong, at the expense of the weak. We need to accept that both workers in the media, and its consumers, the audience and reade
28、rs, are above all human beings a characteristic which we all share.,inform,释义,vt. to officially tell someone something or give them information about something 通知；告知,例句,The President has been fully informed of developments.,已经向总统汇报了事态的全部进展。,翻译,Words,The manager promised to keep me informed of how ou
29、r business was going on. (Jan. 1990, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure),真题,例句,Please inform us of any change of address as soon as possible.,地址如有变更，请尽早通知我们。,翻译,dilemma,释义,n. C a situation in which you have to make a difficult decision 窘境；困境,例句,Im in a dilemma over whether to tell him or not.,我进退两难，不知道
30、是否该告诉他。,翻译,Words,例句,Many single parents struggle with the dilemma of dividing time between work and children.,许多单身父母在给工作和给子女的时间分配上处于两难境地。,翻译,execute,释义,vt. to kill someone as a punishment for a crime 处死；处决,例句,The general was executed for war crimes.,将军因战争罪被处死。,翻译,Words,例句,He said nobody had been exe
31、cuted as a direct result of the events.,他说没有人直接因为那些事件而被处死。,翻译,rebel,释义1,a. (only before noun) relating to rebels or their activities 反叛（者）的；造反（者）的,例句,rebel troops,叛军,翻译,Words,rebel,释义2,n. C someone who tries to remove a government or leader using force 造反者；反叛者,例句,They sent in troops to back the rebe
32、ls.,他们派来军队支持叛乱分子。,翻译,Words,例句,Anti-government rebels have seized the radio station.,反政府的叛乱分子占领了电台。,翻译,释义,例句,Recently there have been widespread credit card fraud.,最近各地频繁出现信用卡诈骗事件。,翻译,Words,n. C, U the crime of obtaining money from someone by tricking them 诈骗；欺诈,fraud,例句,The police arrested him for t
33、ax fraud.,警方因他在纳税上的欺诈行为把他逮捕了。,翻译,minor,释义,a. not very important 较不重要的；次要的,例句,We made a few minor changes to the plan.,这个计划我们作了一些小小的修改。,翻译,Words,例句,翻译,Most of the passengers suffered only minor injuries.,大部分乘客只受了点轻伤。,真题,The flight is delayed because of a minor mechanical problem. Please wait for furt
34、her notice. (Jun. 2002, CET-4, Listening comprehension),oblige,释义,vt. (usu passive) to force someone to do something because it is the law, a rule, or a duty 迫使,例句,You are legally obliged to pay this fine.,从法律上讲，你有义务缴纳这笔罚款。,翻译,Words,The law obliges parents to send their children to school.,法律规定父母有让子
35、女接受教育的义务。,例句,翻译,charge,释义,vt. to accuse someone officially of committing a crime 控 告；指控,例句,Two men have been charged in connection with the fire.,两个人被指控与火灾有关。,翻译,Words,例句,The prosecution charged that he had accepted a bribe.,检察院起诉他收受贿赂。,翻译,media,释义,n. C (the ) radio, television, newspapers, the Inte
36、rnet, and magazines, considered as a group 媒体；传媒,例句,The media have launched a bitter attack on the Ministry of Railways.,大众传媒向铁道部发起了猛烈攻击。,翻译,Words,This research has attracted wide media coverage and has featured on BBC televisions Tomorrows World. (Jun. 2002, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure ),真题,例句,
37、There was a lot of media coverage of the wedding.,媒体大张旗鼓地报道了这场婚礼。,翻译,court,释义,n. C, U a place where trials take place and legal cases are decided 法庭；法院,例句,They tried to settle the case out of court.,这个案子他们试图庭外和解。,翻译,Words,I would never have resorted to a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate. (J
38、un. 2002, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure),真题,例句,I dont think that argument would stand up in a court of law.,我认为这个论据在法庭上是站不住脚的。,翻译,entitle,释义,vt. to give someone the right to do something 给（某人）权利；给（某人）资格,例句,Only full-time employees are entitled to receive health insurance.,只有全职雇员才有资格获得健康保险。,翻译,Word
39、s,例句,Membership entitles you to the full use of our fitness facilities.,会员可以使用我们这儿的所有健身器材。,翻译,Everyone should be entitled to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated. (Jan. 2003, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure),真题,ethical,释义,a. involving the principles used for deciding what is
40、 right and what is wrong 伦理的；道德的,例句,翻译,Words,Is it ethical to use drugs to control prisoners behaviour?,用药物来控制犯人的行为合乎道德吗？,unethical,反义词,例句,翻译,The use of animals in scientific tests raises some difficult ethical questions.,在科学实验中使用动物引发了一些难以解决的道德问题。,arrest,释义,vt. if the police arrest someone, they tak
41、e that person to a police station because they believe he or she has committed a crime 逮捕；拘捕；拘留,例句,翻译,Words,The policeman arrested the drunk for disturbing the peace.,警察以扰乱治安罪逮捕了那个醉汉。,Another policeman arrived, and together, we arrested three of the men; but the other four ran away. (Jun. 1997, CET-
42、4, Listening comprehension),真题,例句,翻译,Police made 20 arrests at yesterdays demonstration.,昨天的示威游行中，警察逮捕了20人。,royal,释义,a. relating to a king or queen or the members of their family 国王的；女王的；王室的,例句,翻译,Words,Opposition within the royal family was crushed.,王族内的反对派被清除了。,真题,Lets go and see a new movie at th
43、e Royal Theatre. I hear its a real story of two prison breakers. (Jan. 1998, CET-4, Listening Comprehension),例句,翻译,The Summer Palace, which used to be a royal garden, is my favourite park.,颐和园是我最喜欢的公园，它以前是座皇家园林。,code,释义,n. C a set of rules about how something should be done or how people should beha
44、ve 准 则； 规 范；行为规则,例句,翻译,Words,The profession has a strict code of practice.,这个专业有严格的行业守则。, they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. (Jan. 2002, CET-4, Reading comprehension),真题,例句,翻译,Parents should help to teach children a strong moral code.,家长
45、应帮助教育孩子们形成严格的道德规范。,proof,释义,n. C, U information or evidence that shows that something is definitely true or definitely exists 证据；证物；证词,例句,翻译,Words,要享受打折优惠，你必须证明你的学生身份。,To receive the discount, you must show proof of student status.,We have no proof that any of these well-known conversations actually
46、 took place, but we are prepared to believe that they did. (Jan. 1991, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure),真题,例句,翻译,你有什么证据证明这个人偷了你的包吗？,Do you have any proof that this man stole your bag?,convey,释义,vt. to communicate ideas or feelings indirectly （间接 地）表达，传达（思想或感情）,例句,翻译,Words,她总是对自己的工作表现出一股热情。,She alway
47、s conveys a sense of enthusiasm for her work.,Jans office conveyed an impression of efficiency and seriousness.,例句,翻译,简的办公室给人留下高效和庄重的印象。,offend,释义,vt. to make someone upset and angry by doing or saying something 冒犯；得罪；使生气,例句,翻译,Words,电视节目审查官正在剪掉一些他们称可能会引起冒犯的镜头。,Television censors are cutting out sce
48、nes which they claim may offend.,例句,翻译,他为自己发表的评论道歉并说他无意冒犯该团体。,He apologizes for his comments and says he had no intention of offending the community.,privacy,释义,n. U the freedom to do things without other people watching you or knowing what you are doing 独处；个人自由；隐私,例句,翻译,Words,他们不希望他们的个人隐私受到记者们的侵犯。,
49、They dont want their privacy invaded by reporters.,例句,翻译,在个人家里安放窃听器是对个人私生活的侵犯。,A hidden microphone in a persons home is an invasion of privacy.,chase,释义,v. to follow someone or something quickly in order to catch them 追逐；追赶；追踪,例句,翻译,Words,警察沿街追赶小偷。,The police chased the thief down the street.,They decided to chase the cow away before it did more damage. (Jan. 1990, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure),真题,例句,翻译,外面院子里，孩子们叫喊着在互相追逐。,Outside in the yard, kids were yelling and chasing each other.,at all costs / at any cost,
