1、Unit 3Life in the future,高二人教新课标版必修五,Learning about language,Discovering useful words and expressions,Fill in these boxes.,People space guide visitors steward stewardess ,Effects time lag, happy and optimistic feelings, uncertain, jet lag, pessimistic or depressed feelings, headache, exhausted ,Mach
2、ines/Equipment time capsule opening space capsule hovering carriages mask, safety-belt jet, flying vehicles ,2. Combine a verb from the left box with a word from the right box. Write down the verb phrases in the blanks. Then use them to complete the sentences.,search take slide sweep press,for up do
3、wn into,search for,take up,sweep up,press down,slide into,搜索, 寻找 接受 横扫，打扫 按压 溜进，移动,Where on earth did I put my belt? I am constantly losing it and having to _ it! 2) When we flew in the space capsule we were _into the sky so quickly that I did not even have time to fasten my safety belt.,search for,
4、swept up,3)When we wanted the hovering carriage to speed up. We _ hard on the driving pedal and bent over in the direction we wanted to go. 4)After having your dinner, you must _ all the rubbish on the floor, Let the next group of people have pleasant surroundings to eat in.,pressed down,sweep up,5)
5、After he won the competition, Li Qiang _ his prize and went on a time tour with his friend and guide Wang Ping. 6)The steward opened the door of the spaceship and Li Qiang _ sideways _ his seat.,took up,slid,into,3. Complete this advertisement choosing words or phrases in their proper forms.,take up
6、, constant, tolerate, previous, lose sight of, link, adjustment, stewardess, opportunity, bend,Many people need to be reminded of the job _ in space stations, which _ need space cooks, cleaners, teachers, stewards and _. You can be swiftly trained for your new job from using _ skills. At first peopl
7、e may find the _ to space life difficult to _.,opportunities,constantly,stewardesses,previous,adjustment,tolerate,However, they will be able to overcome the difficulties if their families encourage them to _ the job. That is why we persuade families not to _ the advantages that come from a period of
8、 time in space. For health reasons only one stay of three years is allowed. People often want to stay longer, but the _ between illness and length of stay is strong. It is sad, but the rules cannot be _ for anyone.,take up,lost sight of,link,bent,1. 作状语,2. 作定语,4. 作表语,3. 作宾补,过去分词,Grammar,过去分词,过去分词是非谓
9、语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。,过去分词与现在分词作状语 过去分词表完成、被动, 与主句主语之间 是被动关系; 现在分词表进行、主动, 与 主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动 的动作发生在谓语动词之前, 则可使用现在 分词的完成被动式或过去分词。,一、过去分词作状语,过去分词表完成、被动, 作状语时, 其逻辑主语是主句的主语, 且与主语之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作状语可表时间、原因、 让步、 结果、 方式、 条件等。,观察下列的句子:,Once published, his works (=Once his works was publishe
10、d, ) became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.,PP作时间状语, 相当于一个时间状语从句。有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。,过去分词作时间状语,1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. When heated, ice will be changed into water.,2. When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate
11、 six-pointed. Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.,过去分词作原因状语,1. Since/As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.,2. Because it was done in a h
12、urry, his homework was full of mistakes. Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.,过去分词作条件或者假设状语,1. If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.,2. If I am compared with you, we still have a long wa
13、y to go. Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.,作方式或伴随情况状语,1. The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog.,2. She sat by the window, lost in thought. She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought.lost 表示一种迷失心理状态,1) 过去分词在句
14、子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。 2) 过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。,Summary,过去分词作状语:,过去分词有两大特点： 1. 表示被动的动作； 2. 表示已经完成的动作，因此，当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系被动，例如：,Rewrite with proper conjunctions,1. United we stand, divided we fail.If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided, we will fail.,Example:,
15、2. Asked what had happened, he told us about it. When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it. 3. Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures. Because he was well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.,4. Given more
16、 time, we would be able to do the work much better. If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. 5. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers. Once it was translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenager
17、s.,6. Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor. Because she was deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor. 7. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all. Although he was left alone at home，Sam did not feel afraid at all.,用过去分词作状语来改写句子。,1. As I was wor
18、ried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. _ , I was unsettled for the first few days.,Worried about the journey,2. If he is given time, hell make a first-class tennis player. _, hell make a first-class tennis player. 3) As I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by th
19、e lack of fresh air. _, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.,Given time,Confused by the new surroundings,4) When he was questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense. _ _, he became tense.,Questioned by the police about the fire,Find out the sentences with the same meaning.,1. As I was wor
20、ried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.,2. While I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. Confused by the new surrounding, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. 3. As I was exha
21、usted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.,Compare,Following the old man, we went upstairs. we followed (跟着那个老人, 我们上去了) 2. Followed by the old man, we went upstairs. (we were followed) (被那个老人跟着, 我们上去了),3. 从上面看，体育场好像一个鸟巢。 _ from the top, the stadium
22、looks like a bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen 4. 从太空看，宇航员看不到长城。 _ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. Seen,B,A,Difference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle _for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧. _ the book, I find it useful.
23、在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用. _ at her, he jumped with joy. _at by her, he jumped with joy.,Used,Using,Looking,Looked,注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。,Complete each sentence using the Past Participle of the right verb.,1) _ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dare to sleep in
24、her room. 2) The lady returned home, _ by two policemen.,frighten trap follow shoot,Frightened,followed,3) If _ in a burning building, you should send for help. 4) Although _in the leg, he continued firing at the police.,trapped,shot,二、过去分词作定语过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系，且表示该动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语，通常置于被修饰
25、的词的前面，而分词短语作定语，则须置于被修饰词的后面。,1. Last Sunday we went on an organized trip to the forest. 上星期我们组织了一次去森林的旅行。 2. A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow. 今天发出的信后天他就能收到。,分词作定语可以转换成定语从句: He worked as a worker building roads. (主动) = He worked as a worker who/that built roads. This is a p
26、icture painted by my father. (被动) = This is a picture which was painted by my father.,I know the young man sleeping on the bench. (在进行) = I know the young man who is sleeping on the bench. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. (已完成)= The letter which was mailed last night will reach
27、him tomorrow.,过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性 定语，前后常有逗号。 Some of them, born and brought up in country villages, had never seen a train. 他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未 见过火车。,过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况：,单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被 修饰的名词之前，表示被动和完成意义。,1. 前置定语,被动意义：,an honored guest,一位受尊敬的客人,(受伤的工人) are now being taken good care of in the hospital.,B.
28、 完成意义,a retired teacher,一位退休的教师,They are cleaning _ (落叶) in the yard.,The injured workers,the fallen leaves,2. 后置定语,过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。,This will be the best novel of its kind ever written. =,Who were the so-called guests invited(= ) to your part last night?,that has ever been wri
29、tten,who had been invited,如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+ thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。 如: Is there anything unsolved? There is noting changed here since I left this town.,注意:,三、过去分词作宾补,从时间上：表动作已经完成come, go, fall, change (表位移, 变化的不及物动词) I found the countryside changed a
30、lot. 2. 从语态上: 表被动 I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.,过去分词作宾补,1. 表“希望，要求”的动词：want, wish, expect, like, order+ (to be) done,I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday.,Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned.,2. 表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：,see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find, think + object + p.p.,We saw the thief
31、caught by the police.,People found the water polluted.,3. 使役动词： make, get, have, keep,I want to get my hair cut tomorrow. = I want to get the barber to cut my hair. = I want to let the barber cut my hair.,4. 介词短语作宾补,with, without + n. + p.p.,Do you know the man with his hands tied back?,They left wi
32、thout a dish touched.,The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied,D,四、过去分词作表语,1. 用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱, 主要表示 动作的完成和状态, 此时相当于一个形容词。,2. 被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强，句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。, The glass is broken.The glass was broken by Tom., The windows ar
33、e closed. The windows are closed by Jack.,3. 表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词 (如: interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表语，表示状态， 其中有些仅表示状态，毫无被动意味。如:, She was very disappointed to hear the result., Hes quite experienced in teaching beginners., How did the
34、 audience receive the new play?They got very excited., How did Bob do in the exams this time?Well, his father seems pleased with his results.,Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.,过去分词作表语,C,解析: 该题考查分词作表语的用法。 “to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。 此题被动结构作表语。类似的有: get burnt, get hurt, get
35、 wounded,A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay,1) The rooms are _, so you cant move in.A. painted B. painting C. being painted D. to be painted 2) As soon as he entered the city, he _.A. was losing B. got losing C. grew lost D. got lost,3) What he has done is really _. Now his parents are _ him.A. disa
36、ppointing; disappointed at B. disappointing; disappointed aboutC. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by,C,D,C,1. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing,考点点拨,C,简析: 首先, 根据语法
37、分析可知, 待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games的后置分词短语; 再根据 The Olympic Games 对于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受, 且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此, 该题应选C。,2. Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak简析：测试过去分词作后置定语表示被动，等于定语从句 which is spoken。,B,3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South
38、 Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited简析: 测试过去分词作后置定语表示被动, 等于定语从句who were invited。,A,4. The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 简析: 测试过去分词短语作定语放在所 修饰的名词后, 可以用非限制性定语 从句“which was
39、opened last year”代替。,D,5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 简析: 测试过去分词作后置定语表示 被动, 等于定语从句which were written。,D,另外, 分词作状语时, 如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时, 需要独立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代。(此时, 也可把该分
40、词看成介词的宾语补足语),例: The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 简析: 很显然, 待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands, 而不是句子的主语 The murderer, 而 his hands 对于动词 tie来说, 只能是被动承受。因此, 该题应选D。,D,6. When _ if she would request a rise, the actress said that money was
41、not important. A. asked B. asking C. having asked D. being asked,A,7. Yesterday I saw in the newspaper a teaching post _ at a school close to my home and I wanted to apply for it. A. advertises B. advertising C. advertised D. to advertise,C,8. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player A. Having
42、given B. To give C. Giving D. Given,D,9. Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech,started to read a novel.A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring,A,10. Unless _ to speak, you shouldremain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 11. When _,
43、the museum will be opento the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed,A,A,12. If _ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well. A. giving B. give C. given D. being given 13. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States
44、. A. Being founded B. It was foundedC. Founded D. Founding,C,C,1. I like reading the novels _ (write ) by Zhang Ailing. 2. The girl _ (write) a letter in the study is my cousin. 3. There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _ (repair).,written,writing,repaired,Filling in the blanks.,4
45、. I want the doors of my new house _ (paint) white. 5. There was a _ (surprise) look on his face. 6. He was _ (excite) at the good news. 7. The story was so _ (move) that he was _ (move) to tears.,painted,surprised,excited,moving,moved,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. _ (use) in this way, the word shouldnt be ta
46、ken as a verb. 2. _ (arm) with special guns, knives and brushes, two space walking astronauts practiced fixing the spacecraft. 3. Though _ (catch) in a traffic jam, we managed to arrive at the airport.,Used,Armed,caught,4. Susan is not easy to get along with. But once _ (gain), her friendship will last forever. 5. Henry didnt attend the party _ (hold) at Toms house last night, for he was busy preparing for his exam.,gained,held,_ (move) by what I said, she stood there for a moment. 感我此言良久立 (白居易 琵琶行) _ (give) the talent by the heaven, I will employ it! 天生我材必有用 (李白 将进酒),
