1、TEM8美国文学串讲及试卷评析 上海外国语大学贤达经济人文学院 程雪芳,英语专业八级考试在线课堂,主讲人程雪芳介绍上海外国语大学贤达经济人文学院讲师参与历年专业英语四、八级辅导教授美国文学史等专业课程,教学经验丰富上海外国语大学博士研究生。研究方向:英美文学,试卷的题型、题数、计分、比重和时间列表 (新版英语专业八级考试大纲),考试大纲要求 III 人文知识 (Part III: General Knowledge),1. 测试要求: A)基本了解主要英语国家的地理、历史、现状、文化传统 B)初步具备英语文学知识 C)初步具备英语语言学知识2. 测试形式: 题型采用多选形式,选出一道最佳答案。
2、共10题。考试时间10分钟。3. 测试范围: A)英语国家社会和文化知识 B)英语文学知识 C)英语语言学知识,高校英语专业八级考试大纲所附样题中文学、语言学、英美概况所占比例:,文学:30% 语言学:30% 史地和文化知识:40%,英语文学知识考查内容:,文学史 例:Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century? A. T. S. Eliot. B. D. H. Lawrence C. Theodore Dreiser D. James Joyce作家作品 例:The novel For Whom the Bell
3、Tolls is written by _. A. Scott Fitzgerald B. William Faulkner C. Eugene ONeil D. Ernest Hemingway文学评论 例:_ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines. A. Free Verse B. Sonnet C. Ode D. Epigram(以上例题均为2006年英语专八人文知识真题。答案分别为:A,D, B。),美国文学史上的5个阶段,一、The Literature
4、before the Revolution of Independence独立革命之前的文学二、The Literature around the Revolution of Independence独立革命时期的文学三、American Romanticism美国浪漫主义文学四、American Realism美国现实主义文学五、American Literature of the 20th Century二十世纪美国文学,一、The Literature before the Revolution of Independence 独立革命之前的文学 (十七世纪中期之前),这一时期的文学主要
5、分为两个部分: Native American Literature (The Traditional Literature of the American Indians) 美国本土文学 (美国印第安传统文学)Literature of Colonial Settlements 北美殖民时期文学(16世纪末17世纪中)主要作家及作品:John Smith (1580-1631) A True Relation of Virginia(1608),二、The Literature around the Revolution of Independence 独立革命时期的文学 (十八世纪中期十八
6、世纪末),这一时期的作家主要体现的是加尔文教思想(Calvinism)和自然神论(deism)。两种思想代表分别为Jonathan Edwards和Benjamin Franklin.独立战争(17761783)为美国文学的发展奠定了社会基础,提供了丰富的题材。这一时期文学作品主题多为爱国主义及对独立、自由、民主的呼唤。,二、The Literature around the Revolution of Independence 独立革命时期的文学 (十八世纪中期十八世纪末),Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758) 乔纳森爱德华兹 代表作品:The Personal Narr
7、ative (1765) Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) 本杰明富兰克林 代表作品:The Autobiography (1771-1790)Poor Richards Almanac (1732-1758) Thomas Paine (1737-1809)托马斯潘恩 a political pamphleteer (政治小册子作家) 代表作品:Common Sense (1776)Philip Freneau (1752-1832)菲利普弗伦诺 作品:The Rising Glory of America (1772) The Wild Honey Suckle
8、(1786) one of his best lyrics (抒情诗),三、American Romanticism 美国浪漫主义文学(十八世纪末十九世纪中后期),美国浪漫主义的三个阶段Early Romanticism 早期浪漫主义Transcendentalism 超验主义High Romanticism 浪漫主义高峰期,三、American Romanticism 美国浪漫主义文学(十八世纪末十九世纪中后期),各阶段主要作家一览 Early RomanticismWashington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, William Cullen Bryant
9、, Henry Wadsworth LongfellowTranscendentalismRalph Waldo Emerson, Henry David ThoreauHigh RomanticismEdgar Allan Poe, Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville,Early Romanticism,小说家 Washington Irving (1783-1859) 华盛顿欧文Father of American Literature 代表作品:The Sketch Book (1820)
10、其中包括两个著名故事:The Legend of Sleepy HollowRip Van WinkleJames Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) 詹姆斯费尼莫尔库珀 代表作品: Leatherstocking series 5 frontier novels 1. The Pioneers (1823) 2. The Last of the Mohicans (1826) 3. The Prairie (1827) 4. The Pathfinder (1840) 5. The Deerslayer (1841) The Spy (1821) a novel abou
11、t the Revolutionary War The Pilot (1824) a sea novel,Early Romanticism,诗人 William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878)威廉柯伦布莱恩特 代表作品: Thanatopsis (1817)死亡随想 The Prairies (1833) blank verse (素体诗)无尾韵,抑扬五步体Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882)亨利沃兹华斯朗费罗first American poet to write narrative poems (叙事诗) 代表作品:Voices
12、 of the Night (1839)The Song of Hiawatha (1855) the first American epic (史诗) in blank verse about the American Indians,Transcendentalism,Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) 拉尔夫沃尔多爱默生 essayist (随笔作家) and poet 代表作品:Nature (1836) the manifesto of American transcendentalismThe American Scholar (1837) Americ
13、as Declaration of Intellectual IndependenceHenry David Thoreau (1817-1862) 亨利大卫梭罗 代表作品:Walden (Life in the Woods 1854) Civil Disobedience (1849),High Romanticism,诗人 Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) 埃德加爱伦坡 代表作品:诗歌The Raven (1845);Annabel Lee (1849)短篇小说集Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (1840)Walt Whitm
14、an (1819-1892) 沃尔特惠特曼 代表作品:Leaves of Grass (1855) over 400 poems all written in the form of free verse (自由体诗)无固定格律和押韵Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) 埃米莉迪金森代表作品:Poems by Emily Dickinson (1890) collectionThis is My Letter to the WorldI Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died,High Romanticism,小说家 Nathaniel Hawthorne
15、(1804-1864) 纳撒尼尔霍桑 代表作品:The Scarlet Letter (1850)Herman Melville (1819-1891) 赫尔曼梅尔维尔 代表作品:Moby Dick (1851),四、Literature of Realism 美国现实主义文学 (十九世纪中期二十世纪初),美国现实主义文学三个组成部分: Realism 现实主义Local Color Fiction 地方色彩小说Naturalism 自然主义,RealismWilliam Dean Howells, Henry James, O. Henry, Sherwood Anderson Local
16、Color FictionMark Twain, Hamlin Garland, Harriet Beecher StoweNaturalismFrank Norris, Jack London, Stephen Crane, Theodore Dreiser,四、Literature of Realism 美国现实主义文学 (十九世纪中期二十世纪初),Realism,William Dean Howells (1837-1920)威廉狄恩豪威尔斯 代表作品:The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885)O. Henry (1862-1910)欧享利 代表作品:短篇小说 The
17、 Cop and the Anthem;The Gift of the Magi;The Last LeafSherwood Anderson (1876-1941)舍伍德安德森 代表作品:Winesburg, Ohio (1919),Henry James (1843-1916)享利詹姆斯 one of the founders of psychological fiction international themes代表作品 masterpiece in his early daysDaisy Miller (1878)The American (1877) The Portrait of
18、 a Lady (1881) masterpieces in his later daysThe Wings of the Dove (1902)The Ambassador (1903)The Golden Bowl (1904),Realism,Local Color Fiction,Mark Twain (1835-1910)马克吐温 代表作品:The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876)The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)Hamlin Garland (1860-1940) 汉姆林加兰 代表作品:Main-Trav
19、eled Roads (1891) a collection of short stories; a truthful record of the ordinary farm life of the Mid-WestHarriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896)哈丽特比彻斯托 代表作品:Uncle Toms Cabin (1852) the greatest of all anti-slavery literature,Naturalism,Stephen Crane (1871-1900)斯蒂芬克莱恩 代表作品: Maggie, a Girl of the Streets
20、 (1893); The Red Badge of Courage (1895)Frank Norris (1870-1902) 弗兰克诺里斯 代表作品:McTeague (1899);The Octopus (1901)Jack London (1867-1916) 杰克伦敦 代表作品:The Call of the Wild (1903); The Sea Wolf (1904) ;Martin Eden (1909);Love of Life (1906),Naturalism,Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945) 西奥多德莱塞 代表作品: Sister Carrie
21、 (1900) a story about a woman who drifts in life Jennie Gerhardt (1911) The Financier (1912), The Titan (1914), The Stoic (1947) “The Trilogy of Desire” An American Tragedy (1925) masterpiece; the disillusionment of a young man,五、American Literature in the 20th Century 二十世纪美国文学,美国文学在20世纪成为世界文学的领军力量之
22、一,涌现出众多派别,为方便理解记忆,把它分为下面几个部分: Modern PoetryModern FictionModern DramaPostmodern Fiction,Modern Poetry,Ezra Pound (1885-1972)艾兹拉庞德 leader of Imagism (意象主义) 代表作品:Cantos (1970)Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888-1965)托马斯艾略特 代表作品: The Love Song of J. Alftred Prufrock (1915); The Waste Land (1922) a central text
23、of modernismWallace Stevens (1879-1955)华莱士史蒂文斯 代表作品:Harmonium (1923);The Auroras of Autumn (1950)Robert Lee Frost (1874-1963) 罗伯特弗罗斯特 代表作品:North of Boston (1914) : Mending Wall, After Apple-picking,Modern Poetry,Allen Ginsberg (1926 1997) 艾伦金斯堡the poet Laureate of the Beat Generation(垮掉的一代) 代表作品:How
24、l (1955) Langston Hughes (1902 1967) 兰斯顿休斯 the leader of the Harlem writers who created the Black Literary Renaissance of the 1920s (Harlem Renaissance哈莱姆复兴运动)代表作品: The Weary Blues (1926) a collection,Modern Fiction,Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) 欧内斯特海明威 the spokesman for the Lost Generation (迷惘的一代) 代
25、表作品:The Sun Also Rises (1926);A Farewell to Arms (1929);For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940);The Old Man and the Sea (1952) Francis Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)弗朗西斯菲茨杰拉德 the spokesman of the 1920s, the Jazz Age, or the “roaring 20s” 代表作品:The Great Gatsby (1925) masterpiece; The Side of Paradise (1920) his
26、 first novel,Modern Fiction,Sinclair Lewis (1885-1951)辛克莱刘易斯 the first American Nobel Prize winner in 1930 代表作品:Main Street (1920)Babbitt (1922) the best oneJohn Steinbeck (1902-1968) 约翰斯坦贝克 the foremost writer of the Great Depression in the 1930s 代表作品:The Grapes of Wrath (1939) masterpiece; the sag
27、a (长篇小说;家世小说) of a family of Oklahoma farmers; The Pearl (1947),Modern Fiction,战后现实主义 John Cheever (1912 1982) 约翰契弗 代表作品:短篇小说集The Enormous Radio and Other Stories (1953)长篇小说 Bullet Park (1969)Jerome David Salinger (1919 2010)杰罗姆大卫塞林格 He represents the voice of alienated young Americans during the 19
28、50s 代表作品:The Catcher in the Rye (1951)John Updike (1932- 2009) 约翰厄普代克 the most realistic of all the postwar realists代表作品:The “Rabbit” series (1960-1990) psycho-realism Rabbit, Run (1960); Rabbit, Redux (1971); Rabbit Is Rich(1981); Rabbit At Rest (1990),Modern Fiction,垮掉的一代作家 Jack Kerouac (1922 1969
29、)杰克凯鲁亚克 the founder of the Beat Movement 代表作品:On the Road (1948 1957)William Seward Burroughs (1914 1997) 威廉巴勒斯 代表作品:The Naked Lunch (1959),Modern Fiction,女性作家 Katherine Anne Porter (1890 1980)凯瑟琳安波特 代表作品: Pale Horse, Pale Rider (1939) a collection of short storiesJoyce Carol Oates (1938 )乔伊斯卡洛尔欧茨 代
30、表作品: By the North Gate (1963) a collection of short storiesThem (1969) a novel,Modern Fiction,女性作家 Joanna Russ (1937 ) 乔安娜拉斯one of the most talented writers of science fiction (科幻小说) 代表作品: The Female Man (1975) a significant feminist novelAlice Walker (1944 ) 爱丽丝沃克a black woman writer 代表作品: The Colo
31、r Purple (1982) the near invisibility of black woman in mainstream culture,Modern Fiction,犹太作家 Saul Bellow (1915 2005)索尔贝娄 代表作品: Dangling Man (1944);The Victim (1947);The Adventures of Augie March (1953);Herzog (1964) Issac Bashevis Singer (1904 1991)艾萨克辛格 the foremost writer of Yiddish literature i
32、n America 代表作品: The Family Moskat (1950) a family saga,Modern Fiction,犹太作家 Bernard Malamud (1914 1986) 伯纳德马拉默德 代表作品: The Assistant (1957)The Magic Barrel (1958) a collection of short stories Philip Roth (1933 ) 菲力普罗斯 an ironic humorist 代表作品: Goodbye, Columbus (1959) a collection of short stories,Mod
33、ern Fiction,黑人作家 Richard Wright (1908 1960)理查德赖特 代表作品: Native Son (1940) novel; protest fictionBlack Boy (1945)James Baldwin (1924 1987)詹姆斯鲍德温 代表作品: Go Tell It on the Mountain (1953)Another Country (1962)Ralph Ellison (1914 1994)拉尔夫埃利林 代表作品: Invisible Man (1952) a work of high artToni Morrison (1931
34、 )托尼莫里森 a black woman writer 代表作品:Song of Solomon (1977);Beloved (1987),Modern Fiction,南方文学作家 William Cuthbert Faulkner (1897 1962)威廉福克纳 major works set in Yoknapatawpha County, an imaginary place 代表作品:The Sound and Fury (1929) a novelAs I lay Dying (1930) a novelFlannery OConner (1925 1964)弗兰纳里奥康纳
35、代表作品:Wise Blood (1952) a novelA Good Man Is Hard to Find (1955) a collection of short stories,Modern Drama,Eugene ONeil (1888 1953)尤金奥尼尔 代表作品:Beyond the Horizon (1918)Long Days Journey into Night (1941)Tennessee Williams (1911 1983)田纳西威廉斯 代表作品:A Street Car Named Desire (1947)Arthur Miller (1915 2005
36、)阿瑟米勒 代表作品:Death of a Salesman (1949)Edward Albee (1928 )爱德华阿尔比 closely connected with the Theater of Absurd (荒诞剧) 代表作品:The Zoo Story (1958)Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1962),Postmodern Fiction,John Barth (1930 ) 约翰巴思 代表作品:The Floating Opera (1956);The Sot-Weed Factor (1960) Vladimir Nabokov (189
37、9 1977) 弗拉基米尔纳博科夫 代表作品:Lolita (1955); Pale Fire (1962)Donald Barthelme (1931 1989) 唐纳德巴塞尔姆 代表作品:Snow White (1967) Kurt Vonnegut (1922 ) 库特冯内古特代表作品:Slaughterhouse Five (1969)Joseph Heller (1923-1999) 约瑟夫海勒 black humor (黑色幽默) 代表作品:Catch-22 (1961),历年专八美国文学相关试题解析,William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry
38、, is most famous for _. A. his poems B. his plays C. his short stories D. his novels(2005年) 解析: O. Henry是美国现实主义短篇小说家,其特点是结尾出乎意料。选C。 Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?A. T. S. Eliot. B. D. H. Lawrence C. Theodore Dreiser D. James Joyce (2006年) 解析:四个选项中只有T. S. Eliot是诗人,其余三人均
39、为小说家。选A。The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by _.A. Scott Fitzgerald B. William Faulkner C. Eugene ONeil D. Ernest Hemingway (2006年) 解析:丧钟为谁而鸣是迷惘的一代作家海明威的作品。选D。_ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.A. Free verse B. Sonnet C. Ode D. Epigram (20
40、06年) 解释:此题考查学生对文学体裁的掌握。Free verse是自由体诗;Ode为颂歌体诗;Epigram为诙谐短诗;Sonnet指的是十四行诗。此部分内容既涉及美国文学也涉及英国文学。选B。,历年专八美国文学相关试题解析,Death of a Salesman was written by _.A. Arthur Miller B. Ernest Hemingway C. Ralph Ellison D. James Baldwin (2007年) 解析:推销员之死是亚瑟米勒的剧本。其余三位均是是小说家。Ralph Ellison和James Baldwin为黑人作家,分别著有小说Inv
41、isible Man和Go Tell It on the Mountain。选A。Who wrote The American?A. Herman Melville B. Nathaniel HawthorneC. Henry James D. Theodore Dreiser (2008年) 解析:美国人是亨利詹姆斯的小说。Herman Melville、Nathaniel Hawthorne、Theodore Dreiser的代表作分别为Moby Dick,The Scarlet Letter,和Sister Carrie。选C。Who among the following is a poet of free verse?A. Ralph Waldo Emerson B. Walt WhitmanC. Herman Melville D. Theodore Dreiser (2009年) 解析:Free verse指的是自由体诗歌,不讲究押韵与格律。Walt Whitman的就采用此种诗体。 Ralph Waldo Emerson是散文家,超验主义代表人物。选B。,考生应针对美国文学史的发展脉络来理解记忆各个知名作家在文学史上的位置、重要作品、以及使用体裁,注重考前训练,认真掌握相关知识。,祝您成功!,