1、大学英语四级写作,Bear, School of Foreign Languages, CSU,大学英语四级考试题型http:/ 大学英语四级考试写作要求,目前指导大学英语教学的大学英语教学要求中规定，一般要求（一般要求是高等院校非英语专业本科毕业生应达到的基本要求，也就是四级要达到的水平）的英语书面表达能力为：能用常见的应用文体完成一般的写作任务，能描述个人经历、事件、观感、情感等，能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出120词的短文，内容基本完整、用词恰当，语篇连贯。能在一般或应用写作中使用恰当的写作技能。,2. 四级写作评分原则及标准,2.1. 评分原则： CET作文题采用总体评分方法。阅卷
2、人员就总的印象给出奖励分,而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体，作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。 本题满分为15分,阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。 阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，及定位该分数（即8分）；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数则可加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分）。但不得加或减半分。,2.2. 评分标准 2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离
3、破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误 5分基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重语言错误。 8分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。 11分切题。 表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。,Example,2011.12 Youre allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on t
4、he humorous saying, “Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. Ive done it hundreds of time.“ Youd write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.,2 分,Why the some people nothing succeeds without a strong will? In my view they are not hard go to something. On the one hand they are not
5、 ability. On the other hand they are not to face they myself. in other words they are not to run the dream, as we all know, have dream people can be succeeder, in my view, it is necessary for us to do the dream.The more nothing succeeds the more not dream. We are not only deriver dreams but also go
6、to hard, this is there we are have succeeds. if the one on the humorous “quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. Ive done it hundreds of times” we are have to succeeds.All in all, we are not the dream, we are have to fair, generally speaking the people go to the dream, we are know.,5 分,“
7、Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world, Ive done it hundreds of times.” Its a humorous saying, but actually the true is serious and difficult. As everybody know, “Rome was not built in one day. Before it became Romer, there was a long way to through. Whether you can arrive the final plac
8、e, it depends on whether your heart deeply stick with a strong will.Numbers of successful people in history depressed ours by what they do. We look up them, listen their stories but we must know everyone succeed had a strong will when they were young. What we need to do is this confirm what your goa
9、l is, make it a will and pay for it with your action. Dont give up any time you were tried and worried. Practice makes perfect, you can get rid of the inconfidence by doing all right things.Nothing succeeds without a strong will. The will neednt so big but so strong.,8 分,As is known to all, where th
10、ere is a will, there is a way. However, there are also many people fail to achieve their dreams. Many people will say, its because they have not good condition or they have not luck chance. In fact, they just have not the strong will to succeed.Take quitting smoking for example. It has been a world-
11、wide problem that thousands of millions peoples health is been destroyed by smoking. At the same time, we always see many people who have taken action to quit smoking but fail in the time. Because they cant forget the feeling of smoking, and they have not strong will to insist it. Only if the one wh
12、o has strong will, will he succeed in quitting smoking.To conclude, no pains, no gains. We will have our dream come true by our strong will, and nothing succeeds without a strong will.,11 分,As a humorous saying goes, “Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. Ive done it hundreds of times.
13、” This is, of course the fact, but it also tells us that without strong will, nobody can achieve success. No matter what way you choose, you will surely meet many difficulties. Life is not only filled with victory. Take the saying for example again. Once you start quit smoking, you will face a diffi
14、cult choice every time others pass you a cigarette. Such a dilemma may make you pick your former habit if you dont have a strong will. It is strong will that helps us overcome difficulties. Besides, strong will can make you know what you are seeking for. Madam Curie experienced many times of failure
15、 during her study on radium. Newton was regarded as a fool. They gain confidence, bravery, and also achievements from their strong will. As you have seen, strong will plays an important role in life, so I say nothing succeeds without a strong will.,14 分,The humorous saying, “Quitting smoking is the
16、easiest thing in the world. Ive done it hundreds of times”, illustrates the astonishing yet common occurrence that many people try hard to give up a bad habit but in vain. They fail because they lack a strong will. In fact, nothing succeeds without a strong will.Take Thomas Edison for example. He is
17、 well-known for his large number of inventions which were created through thousands of unsuccessful experiments. Had it not been for his strong will, he would have merely been wasting time and money achieving nothing. Not surprisingly, Edisons perseverance is actually a common quality among successf
18、ul people.As college students, we should bear in mind that a strong will helps set a clear goal for people and provide its owner with the motivation and encouragement in face of difficulties. Indeed, success goes to those who are equipped with a strong will. A man with a strong will is a man who can
19、not be defeated. (164 words),3. 四级写作题材和类型,四级写作的题材具有显著的现实性，基本可以分为两大类： 1. 贴近大学生的学习工作及课余生活的校园题材 2. 论及当前社会的现象、发展变化及进步的热点话题。,2011.6 Online Shopping 1现在网上购物已成为一种时尚 2网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 3我的建议2011.12 Youre allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting
20、on the humorous saying, “Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. Ive done it hundreds of time.“ Youd write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.,2012.6 On Excessive Packaging 1.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象 2.出现这一现象的原因 3.我对这一现象的看法和建议2012.12 A Letter Applying for a Bank Loan 1. 你的基本情况2.你申请贷款的原
21、因、数额及用途3. 你如何保证专款专用以及你的还款打算,2013年6月,对白：子：Dad, Im a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste（处理核废料）父：If you can empty the dustbin（垃圾筒） here, you can do anything,2013年12月,2014年6月 Suppose a foreign friend of yours is going to visit your hometown/your campus/China（多题多卷的三个不同）, what is the most intere
22、sting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?,1. 现象分析型2. 问题解决型3. 对比论述型4. 应用文类5. 图表分析型,3. 四级写作题材和类型,现象分析型,作文命题是关于某个社会现象或社会问题的，要求考生分析该问题所产生的原因或造成的后果。 例2012.6 On Excessive Packaging 1.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象 2.出现这一现象的原因 3.我对这一现象的看法和建议,I assume that you are familiar with the phenomenon of “Excessiv
23、e Packaging”. Taking a look around, we can find examples with ease：a small computer is packed in a thick and heavy carton，clothes are putted in a well-designed plastic bags and moon-cakes are usually placed in delicate boxes. What are the causes of this problem? On the one hand, to earn more economi
24、c gains, a considerable number of manufactures usually wrap their products with unnecessary but appealing materials aiming at attracting customers attention , arousing their curiosity and then stimulating their purchasing desire. On the other hand, quite a few customers believe that the more delicat
25、e the package seems，the superior the quality will be, the notion has also encouraged the trend of excessive packaging. To change this situation, I think we should take the following measures. First, laws must be made and implemented to impose restriction on excessive packaging. Moreover, a public ed
26、ucation campaign should be launched to arouse customers consciousness that packaging doesnt equal to quality. Only in this way can we put an end to this trend.,On Excessive Packaging,Recently , has become the focus of the society . has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day li
27、fe . Nowadays there is a growing concern for Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of Many factors lead to the trend of There are several reasons why . There are three reasons, I think, for What is to account for? In fact the reasons are not difficult to get. Fir
28、st, . Second .,问题解决型,问题解决型作文通常首先提出一个有待解决的问题，然后要求考生就该问题提出解决方法、途径，有时还要求考生最后谈论适合自己的方法。这种题型常见的结构模式是：第一段：导言。描述现状、困难，提出问题。第二段：方法。列举说明处理某事的方法或解决某个问题的途径。第三段：评价、建议或个人选择。针对第二段所阐述的方法给予简要的评论，也可提出个人建议或选择，并简述理由。 例2010.12 How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切 2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该,how sho
29、uld parents help children to be independent?,Nowadays, there is a growing concern over such a phenomenon, that is, some parents take care of almost everything concerned with their children, including study, work and marriage. Some parents believe that this is love, however, it is only to destroy chi
30、ldrens independence thoroughly.For the future of the next generation, more efforts should be made by parents to help their children to be independent. The fundamental one is to cultivate the awareness, namely, the importance and necessity of being independent, which is supposed to begin from childho
31、od. Children should be taught that no one can be stronger and more helpful than themselves in this world.The quality of independence is so indispensable for us that parents had better act as a tutor, not a dictator. And only with parents trust, can the next generation accumulate confidence step by s
32、tep.,It is high time that something was done about On the whole, it is high time that every one It is essential that effective measures be taken to In short/ In a word/ In conclusion/ In summary/ In brief/ To sum up/ To conclude/ All in all,对比论述型,这类作文多为提纲式作文，议论文体裁。通过论述相反的两个观点，或分析评论某一社会现象的优缺点，然后给出自己的
33、见解和看法，是四级考试写作中很常见的作文形式。例Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是。2. 也有人持不用的意见。3. 我的看法和打算,When it comes to the test of spoken English, peoples opinions differ. Many people believe that it is necessary to adopt such a test. For one thing, fluent speaking ability is badly needed in
34、 todays society that is experiencing reform and opening-up. For another, in a more competitive society such as ours today, fluent spoken English means more advantage you have to beat your rival in competing for a position with much appeal to both of you.Some people, however, take a different attitud
35、e. They regard the test as being unnecessary. In their views, fluent spoken English does not necessarily mean a better job; sometimes, opportunity plays a more important role. Furthermore, many people do not use spoken English at all in their work.As far as I am concerned, I am really in favor of th
36、e test. On the one hand, it can encourage college students to try every means to improve their spoken English. On the other hand, college students will benefit endlessly in their future career if they can speak fluent English. So I decide to make use of every opportunity to practice my spoken Englis
37、h, and surely it will do me much good.,Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?,图表分析型,图表作文的命题形式是根据图画或者图表，要求考生用简洁、生动的语言把图表中所提供的信息准确、完整地表达出来。然后进行分析和评论，并得出合乎逻辑的结论。图表作文是一种信息的转换。也就是说，写图表作文时，首先要以题目中的要求为指导，审慎读图，准确把握图表传达的信息，将其扩展成文。图表作文往往是以说明为主，图表中的数据是为了说明某个问题而提供的，只要问题能阐释清楚，就不必面面俱到地把所有数据都在文章中引用出来。考生要切忌毫无目的地引用图
38、表中的数据。引用数据过多的同学往往得分很低。图表作文的段落设计1. 开头段-说明该图表反映的概况，选择能充分说明主题的典型数据进行概述；2. 中间段-对数据进行仔细地分析比较，归纳出增减速率，找出产生变化的原因；3. 结尾段-写出看完图表后的想法或评论，得出自己的结论。,图表分析型,上图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化； 请说明发生这些变化的原因 （可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）； 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。,The chart shows that students are now spending mu
39、ch more time on the computer, from one hour to four hours per week from 1990 to 1995. It is self-evident that it increases sharply to twenty hours in the year of 2000. Three possible reasons contribute to this phenomenon.One reason is that most college students now can afford a personal computer due
40、 to the sharp decline in its price. Another reason is that they find the computer a wonderful thing to have fun with. For instance, they can chat through QQ or playing games online. Whats more, from Internet, they can learn things much more quickly than simply from reading books so that they can sec
41、ure a good job in the future. As a result, all these lead to much more time spent on using computers.However, in my opinion, there are some complaints from both teachers and students. For one thing, students complain about the less availability of computers and slow speed of the network. For another
42、, some teachers worry that the much more time spent playing computer games or surfing online will lead students to ignore their studies and even do cheating instead of doing research by their own.To sum up, in spite of problems concerning the use of computer, computer is still of more merits than de
43、fects.,应用文类型,四级考试中的应用文一般会给出一个特定的情景，要求考生根据该情景写一封短信、倡议书或演说词等。应用文涉及的内容多种多样，但大部分都与日常生活比较贴近, 主要包括：投诉信、求职信、求学信、拒绝信、道歉信、感谢信、祝贺信、邀请信、求职信、演说辞、倡议书、海报、景点介绍和日程安排等。从历年真题来看，应用文的考查以信函为主，但近几年也常涉及其他类型，如倡议书、景点介绍等。,（1） I would like to suggest that/ I am writing with my suggestion/ proposal about/ I am writing to expre
44、ss my views concerning我想建议。/ 我写信来想就一事提出我的建议。/ 我写信来表达我关于的看法。(2) You have asked me for my advice with regard to and I will try to make some conducive suggestions.关于你让我提一些建议，我尽量提一些有益的建议。(3) I feel that it would be beneficial if我觉得如果将会很有好处。(4) If I were you, I would如果我是你，我将(5) It would seem to me that y
45、ou could . 在我看来，你可以,(6) As you may agree that或许你会同意。(7) I hope you will find these suggestions/ proposals/ recommendations helpful/ practical/ useful.我希望你会觉得这些意见/提议/建议是有帮助的/实际的/有用的。(8) I trust you will take my suggestion into account.我相信你会考虑我的建议的。(9) I would be more than happy to see improvements in
46、 this regard.我会很高兴看到这方面的改善。(10) I would be ready to discuss this matter to further details. 我会准备好与你进一步详谈此事。,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter in reply to a friends inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. You should write at least 120
47、words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1. 建议报考的专业级理由2. 报考该专业的基本条件3. 应当如何报考,A Letter in Reply to a Friend,December 27, 2008Dear Tom,I am very pleased to know that you are going to apply for admission to one university. It has been several years since we parted last time, and soon we wi
48、ll probably meet again. In my opinion, you should major in English. On one hand, English is a very popular major at our university and we have modern teaching methods and prestigious professors. On the other hand, you seem to have a gift for language learning and you are really good at English.As to
49、 the preparation for applying for the English major of our university, I suggest you pay more attention to spoken English. If you make a good performance in oral test, you will have the priority. It is unnecessary for you to be nervous. In addition, when making preparation you should do more model tests. I am sure you will succeed in the exam.Please inform me if there is something I can do for you. I am looking forward to meeting you on our campus.Sincerely yours,Li Ming,
