1、Listening Comprehension for CET-4,题型概述及短文听力技巧,1.短对话理解 1-8 8% 2.长对话理解 9-15 7% 3.短文理解 16-25 10% 4.复合式听写 26-36 10%,对话听力的四大原则,1转折原则 2受挫原则 3反义近义形似选项保留原则 (单词替换) 4视听反向，同义替换(听到啥不选啥) 5男女原则,1转折原则： But the lecture was much more difficult to follow than I had expected. (2008.6) But its no bother to me.(2004,1)
2、But there is a lot of laundry to do.（1999.6) But a friend of mine came to see me.(1999.1),2. 受挫原则 （按照非自然规律出题） 火车必-，飞机必- 。 约会- ，考试必-。 课程超级- ，作业 -。 票 - ， 房-。 回答是-，迂回很重要。,5. 男女原则：一般男生比较衰，女生比较牛。男生提出的观点女生都是不同意或有不同看法的，反之女生提出的观点男生都是同意和赞赏的。男生的特征：脏、乱、差、浪费、穷、小气、不良习惯、迟钝、不顾家女生的特征：爱干净、节约、富有、好学、能干、聪明、大度、耐心、恋家、除数理
3、化外成绩都很好,对话五大场景,学校场景 大一新生 : freshman 大二学生 : sophomore 大三学生 : junior 大四学生 : senior,校长 ：president 院长 : dean bean 教授 ：professor 讲师 : lecturer 导师： tutor,学士: Bachelor Degree 硕士 : Master Degree 博士: Doctor Degreepost-doctor,课程分类Optional course 选修课Required course 必修课Day course 白天的课Evening course 晚上的课,经常出现的科目
4、或专业Chinese 中文English 英语mathematic 数学history 历史chemistry 化学Literature 文学,考试Final exam 期终考试middle exam 期中考试make up 补考test测验pop test 事先没有说好的测验quiz 测验oral test 口试,考试临近draw on / in sight of / draw nearly 考试延期或取消delay / be off / defer / hold up / postpone / put off / suspend 学校分类public school 公立学校private
5、school 私立学校religious school 教会学校,图书馆借书 lend / borrow / check out参考书 reference book续借 renew过期 overdue还书 return罚金 fine,attend / have a lecture 上课cut a class 逃课miss a class 错过了课scholarship 荣誉奖学金assistantship 助教奖学金teaching assistant 助教research assistant 助研,交通运输场景,交通运输场景fare 车票licence 驾照rush hours 高峰时间tr
6、affic jam 交通堵塞overtake 超车one way street 单行道,over speed 超速police officer 交警ticket 罚单fine 罚金fast way / express way / high way 高速公路motor way 机动车道super way 飞机机动车道free way 免费高速公路,交通工具(出现频率从高到低)plane / train(女) / bus / bike(女) / walk / taxi(女)：女生比较喜欢tunnel / channel 隧道ring road 环线subway(美) / underground (
7、英) 地铁metro 地道overhead 轻轨flyover 人行天桥mag lev 磁悬浮,电话场景,mobile phone 手机pay phone 公用电话telephone box/booth 电话亭yellow page 黄页dial (拨电话号码) / press (按电话号码)extension 分机operator 总机putthrough 接通,wrong number / there is no one by this name 电话号码错了/ 没有这个人is not in 不在?hold on 不要挂断，稍等take/leave a message 留言hang up
8、/ get off 挂断credit call 记账式电话bill the call into the 3rd party 免费电话collect call 对方付费电话,机场场景,plane / craft 飞机book 订票timetable 时间表destination 目的地open ticket 开放机票one way ticket 单程票round trip ticket 来回票non-stop / direct flight 直航transfer / lay over / stop over 转机,送别时的祝语keep in touch 保持联系safe landing 安全着陆
9、board 登机take off 起飞departure 离港safety / sect belt 安全带land 着陆arrival 进港pick up 接机,公司场景,job vacancy 有空缺职位letter of application 求职信resume 简历resume包括几部分basic / personal info. 基本信息/个人资料academic background 教育背景work experience 工作经验certificates and honours 所获荣誉,interview 面试offer 聘用信work experience 工作经验work
10、overtime 加班ask for a raise 加钱wage 周薪salary 日薪bonus奖金allowance 津贴,annual income 年收入promotion 升职fire 解雇resign 辞职work / job / career / course 工作post / position / vocation / title 职务,假期休息的说法(依次是从大到小)holiday 假日，假期vacation 休假annual leave 年假sick leave 病假rest 休息break 指喝杯茶、喝杯咖啡的休息 coffee breakaway 离开一会,租房场景,
11、live on campus 住校live off campus 住校外for sale 可销售的房子for rent / lease 可出租的房子to let 同上rent 租金utilities 公用事业费location 位置,suburb / downtown 市郊 / 市中心condition 住房条件furnished 配家具unfurnished 无装修leaking 漏水blackout 断电environment 环境transportation 交通land lord 房东,land lady 房东太太tenant 房客roommate 室友好的室友：neat 整洁的 co
12、nsiderate 体贴的，细心的不好的室友：messy / untidy 脏乱的 noisy 吵闹的,医院场景,see a doctor 去医院看医生send for a doctor 让医生出诊health center / clinic 卫生所 / 门诊部physician 内科医生surgeon 外科医生dentist 牙医make an appointment 预约emergency 急诊,check up / exam 检查cold(感冒) flu (流感) headache (头痛) sore throat(嗓子痛)fever(发烧) toothache(牙疼) stomacha
13、che (胃疼)prescribe 开药方pill / tablet 药片liquid 喝药水injection = shot 注射operation 手术medical result 诊断结果,宾馆场景,make a reservation 预订房间confirm a reservation 确认预订cancel a reservation 取消预订fully booked / full up / full 客满porter 行旅员tips 小费reception 前台check in 登记入住,single room 单人房double room 一张大床的双人房twin room 两张单
14、人床的双人房suite 套房bathroom toilet / w.c closet restroom 厕所room service 客房服务 (四级听力中的客房服务一般只有考一种送餐)lounge 男士用休息区lobby 大堂,business center 商务中心salon 美容厅ball 舞厅bar 酒吧club 俱乐部check out 退房,其他,closed 关门open 开门office hours / business hours / working hours 工作时间，营业时间关于开关power on / off 开/关turn on / off 开/关switch on
15、 / off 开/ 关 (这个词只能用于与电有关的开关，不能用于水龙头之类的开关),干杯cheerspropose a toast tobottom upthe best book 最好的书the best thing 最好的事情the last thing 最不愿意做的事情the last man 最不愿意见的人,count in 把考虑在内count for nothing 一钱不值count for little 无足轻重count for much 举足轻重count down 倒计时count up 相加count up to 共计,best seller 畅销sell up 卖完，
16、卖光 售罄sell out卖完，卖光 售罄 / 出卖朋友或原则sell off 低价处理库存商品selling machine 自动售货机selling point 卖点count the days 渴望count on = dependent / rely on,出题思路,短对话十大场景及一般思路1. 借车：车一般是借不到的2. 吃：匹萨，海鲜吃了一般会有不适反应，“派”一般比较好吃3. 考试：作业、论文一般比较难，或须要熬夜教授一般比较严厉选修课较难较多,4. 坐车(飞机、轮船)：一般都需要等5. 事故(灾难)：光明原则，一般不会死人6. 听讲座：题目一般是比较有趣丰富的，内容一般是比较复
17、杂难懂的7. 论文：一般需要修改(polish)或重写(rewrite)8. 休闲：男生一般喜欢待在家里看TV或者看moive，女生一般喜欢高雅艺术如theater9. 医院：需要预约make an appointment10买票：基本上是买不到的,短文理解题的做题步骤,1. 预读选项，推测文章体裁 2. 根据顺序原则定位 3. 听语段，抓标志词，确定考点，在选项上标出 4. 听问题，将原文的意思对应选项,边听边作答,答题原则,1.听即原则：所听即所得，听到什么就选什么(正好与短对话相反，短对话时听到的一般不选)2.重读原则：某单词被反复读到或是在语音上加以重读，因引起重视如果选项中出现很可能
18、是正确答案3.顺序原则：出题顺序一般与行文顺序相同除了主题题和部分说明文4.主题原则：主题一般出现在段落的头尾部分，所以要集中精力听清前三句话和最后两句话5.原因原则：凡出现表示原因，目的的很有可能是考点如：because so as 等词前后要着重听,6.转则原则：凡出现表示转则的词如：but however yet 等，后面的句子往往是考点，要引起重视7.光明原则：事情一般都是向着好的方面发展的，主人公多数是大难不死的，事情总是逢凶化吉，绝处逢生的8.男女原则：同短对话9.穷学生原则：学生一般都是比较穷的，不能继续学业一般都是因为经济原因，因为穷一般还比较喜欢DIY一些东西10.偏怪小原则
19、：一般故事总是稀奇古怪的，经过总是曲折离奇的，结局总是出人意料的。宗旨就是意料之外、情理之中,五大类原文标志词,1.最高级标志词形容词、副词最高级、most / chief / primary / main / leading / 2.唯一级标志词only / unique / prefer / every / one / of all / perfect / 3.因果项标志词cause / lead to / contribute to / thanks to / owing to / question / answer / why / reason / 其他形式的问句 / ,4.转则项关键
20、词despite / in spite of / instead / while / from to / although (yet) / not only but also / 5.序数项标志词所有的序数词(first , second)/ another / the other / next / last / in addition / on the other hand / 6.时间项标志词when / how / today / as / before / after / since / then / until / 7.解释项标志词or / namely / in other wor
21、ds / that is / that is to say / ,8.目的项标志词to / for / 9.总结项标志词all in all / in brief / to conclude / at last / in summary / in short / 10.强调项标志词副词：especially / particularly / almost / always / usually / 动词：show / remember / note / notice / say / pronounce / ,说明文的考点分布,1：特征考点：考点出现在比较级，最高级处 2：逻辑关系考点 3：首尾出
22、题考点,议论文考点分布,出题点：Scientist/ psychologist/ psychiatrist /expert/professor/Doctornames of them 做主语Believe/found/ estimate/say/think /point out/suggest/mean/explain 做谓语,Research /studies/ survey/ finding / 物做主语 Indicate/show/review/are/explain/prove/ mean/做谓语,复合式听写容易出错的地方,1.大小写问题：专有名词，句子开头 2.单词各音节间的辅音字母
23、注意是否双写。success, process, necessary, recommend. 3.一个音节之中注意元音的拼写 4.名词：单数，复数，,5.形容词注意比较级以及以al结尾的形容natural .personal .emotional .artificial. 6.副词结尾的ly wholly, completely,emotionally. 7. 非谓语动词与谓语动词（ed,ing,s）may have-,1. A.He will give the woman some tips on the game.B.The woman has good reason to quit th
24、e game.C.He is willing to play chess with the woman.D.The woman should go on playing chess.,2. A.The man can forward the mail to Mary.B.She can call Mary to take care of the mail.C.Mary probably knows Sallys new address.D.She would like to resume contact with Sally.,3. A.His handwriting has a unique
25、 style.B.His notes are not easy to read.C.He did not attend todays class.D.He is very pleased to be able to help.,4. A.The man had better choose another restaurant.B.The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.C.The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.D.The man has good taste in choosin
26、g the restaurant.,5. A.He has been looking forward to spring.B.He has been waiting for the winter sale.C.He will clean the womans boots for spring.D.He will help the woman put things away.,6. A.The woman is rather forgetful.B.The man appreciates the womans help.C.The man often lends books to the wom
27、an.D.The woman often works overtime at weekends.,7. A.Go to work on foot.B.Take a sightseeing trip.C.Start work earlier than usual.D.Take a walk when the weather is nice.,8.A.The plane is going to land at another airport.B.All flights have been delayed due to bad weather.C.Temporary closing has dist
28、urbed the airports operation.D.The airports management is in real need of improvement.,Looking at the basic biological systems, the world is not doing very well.Yet economic indicators show the world is Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties, global economic output increased by more t
29、han a fifth during the The economy grew, trade increased, and millions of new jobs were created.How can biological indicators show the of economic indicators?,The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no difference between resource uses that progress and those uses tha
30、t will hurt it.The main measure of economic progress is the gross national product (GNP). , this totals the value of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and equipment.Developed a half-century ago, GNP helped a common way among countries of measuring change in eco
31、nomic output.,For some time, this seemed to work well, but serious weaknesses are now appearing.As indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories and equipment, but it does not the loss of natural resources, including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such as forests.,This basic fault can produce a sense of national economic health.According to GNP, for example, countries that overcut forests actually do better than those that preserve their forests.The trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made for 2 the forests.,
