1、Unit 2 Working the land,.重点单词,1_ vi.&n. 斗争；拼搏；努力 2_ vt.&vi. 使变大；伸展 3_ vt.&vi. 循环；流传 4_ n. 自由；自主 5_ adv. 因此；所以；因而 6 _ n. 工作；职业；占领 7_ vt. n. 遗憾；惋惜；懊悔8_ n. vt. 焦点；中心点集中；聚焦 9 _ vt. 减少；减缩,struggle,expand,circulate,freedom,therefore,occupation,regret,focus,reduce,10_ n. 评论；议论 vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 11 n饥饿；欲望vt
2、.&vi.(使)饥饿 adj.饥饿的；12 vt.&vi.配备；装备 n设备(不可数) 13 vt.&vi.输出；出口 (反义词)vt.&vi.输 入；进口 14_ vt.使迷惑；使为难 _adj.令人迷惑的_ adj.感到迷惑的 _ n迷惑 15_ n发现；发觉 _ vt.发现；发觉 16_ n总结；摘要；概要_ vt.总结,comment,hunger,equip,equipment,hungry,export,import,confuse,confusing,confused,confusion,discovery,discover,summary,summarize,.重点短语,1_
3、幸亏；由于；因为 2_ 摆脱；除去 3_ 对感到满意 4_ 宁愿；宁可 5_ 逐渐增强；建立；开发 6 _ 导致；造成(后果),thanks to,rid.of,be satisfied with,would rather,build up,lead to,7. _ 集中(注意力、精力等)于 8. _ 盛产 9. _ 使免受(影响；伤害等)；使不含(有害物) 10. _ 选择而不选择；与相比更喜欢,focus on,be rich in,keep.free from/of,prefer .to .,Important words and phrases,1. for whom he has s
4、truggled for the past five decades.,struggle vi. 搏斗, 挣扎, 努力, 拼搏 struggle n. 努力, 拼搏（可数名词） 常见搭配： struggle against/with sb/sth.与斗争 struggle for sth. 为争取而奋斗/斗争 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 Struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来,2. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger
5、. thanks to 表示“幸亏, 多亏”多用于表达正面意思, 也可表示负面，“讽刺”或“正话反说”2) rid of 摆脱，除去(rid vt. 摆脱，除去) rid-过去式rid/ridded-过去分词rid/ridded 现在分词ridding rid oneself of sb. / sth. 摆脱，从中解脱 rid sb. of sth. 为某人去除，清除某物rid n.除去get rid ofbe rid ofbreak away from摆脱,Would rather dothan do Would dorather than do Prefer to do rather th
6、an do,宁可做也不做,would rather后还可跟从句，用虚拟语气，时态往后退一步。用一般过去时表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去要做的事。,3.,4. He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.,1)therefore adv. 因此；所以； 因而，表示因果关系2) Equip vt.&vi.配备，装备 n. equipment equip sb. with sth. 用来装备某人 equipfor 为配备 be well/ badly equipped
7、 装备精良/差 be equipped with 装备着 be equipped for sth. 对有准备,Important sentences,1. What do you think would happen if tomorrow there was suddenly no rice to eat? 点拨 本句中使用了插入语do you think。插入语经常插到一个语法结构完整的句子里去，对句子的内容作一些附加说明，有时表示说话者的态度和看法等，它不和句子的成分发生结构上的关联，常置于句首、句中或句末。把插入语去掉之后，句子的结构和语义还是完整的。,常用于插入语的动词有suppos
8、e, know, hope, believe, guess, find, say等。如： You came by air, I suppose. 用作插入语的主要有：副词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、动词-ing形式短语和分句。如：Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. Unfortunately, neither of them could swim.If she ran towards it, it might attack her. Worse still, it could even carry off the baby in its
9、mouth.,2. Although he is one of Chinas most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. 分析 这是一个含让步状语从句的主从复合句。其结构为: 让步状语从句(Although he is one of Chinas most famous scientists)+主句(Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer)+原因状语从句（for he works t
10、he land to do his research ）。 主句中包含“consider + 宾语 + n.”结构。, for引导的从句为主句中所说的话提供推断的理由, 加以解释, 此时for前要加逗号。 The shop was quite new, for it had opened only the week before.work vi./ vt. 经营, 管理 work the land = grow crops on it耕耘土地 He works a big farm.,3. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in
11、 the world to grow rice that has a high output.the first . to do sth. 意为“第一个做”。本句中动词不定式(to grow rice) 作定语, 修饰the first agricultural pioneer。 the first, the last, the second, the only等短语后面多用动词不定式作后置定语。,He is the first guy to treat me like this.,4. This special strain of rice makes it possible to prod
12、uce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.make it +宾语补足语+动词不定式, it做形式宾语, 动词不定式是真正的宾语。it做形式宾语, 通常和下列动词连用: consider, think, make, find, believe, count, declare, deem主张, fancy, feel, guess, imagine, judge, prove, see, show, suppose, understand, take等。,Language points,lead to导致、造成(后果)后多跟名词或代词res
13、ult in引起(某种结果)、使获得(某种成果)、结果result from由造成、因而产生,3. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.,keep free from emotional reactions keep free from restrictions,避免激动的反应,避免受到限制,keep free from “远离”或“避免”,Grammar,动词-ing形式作主语和宾语,动词-ing形式是非谓语动词的一种，具有名词的性质，在句中可以充当主，宾，表，定，宾补和状语。不能单独做谓语。其
14、形式见下表,1. 动词-ing形式作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作, 谓语动词用单数。如：Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit.,动词-ing形式作主语,2. 动词-ing形式作主语和不定式做主语一样， 用it作形式主语。,Is it worthwhile quarrelling with her? Its no good waiting here. Let
15、s go home. It was a waste of time reading that book.,It is/was,no use,/ no good,+doing sth,useless,/worth,/worthwhile,/a waste of time,+doing,3. “There is + no”后可以用动词-ing形式作主语，表示“没法”。如：,There was no telling when this might happen again. There was no knowing what he could do.,There is/was,no point in
16、,no use,/no good in,nothing worse than,no way,no sense in,+doing,1. 有些动词如admit, avoid, consider, escape, deny, risk, suggest等后能接动词-ing形式作宾语。,动词-ing形式作宾语,Were considering paying a visit to the Science Museum.,2. 有些短语如cant help, be used to, end up, feel like, lead to, be busy, be tired of, be fond of,
17、 be afraid of, be proud of, think of / about, put off, keep on, insist on, be good at, give up等后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。如：I have been used to living here. Im fond of collecting stamps and coins.,3. need, require, want作“需要”解时, 后接动词-ing形式作宾语, 主动形式表示被动意义, 相当于to be done。如： need / require/ want doing = need
18、/ require/ want to be repaired.,This bike needs repairing,This bike needs to be repaired.,注意 动词-ing形式的复合结构是指在动词-ing形式前面加上逻辑主语来强调动作的执行者. Would you mind Mike borrowing your bike? 2.逻辑主语常为形容词性物主代词或名词所有格； 3.当逻辑主语不出现在句首时，可用人称代词的宾格me代替形容词性物主代词my. Would you mind me opening the window? Would you mind my ope
19、ning the window?,2. 动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not，带有逻辑主语时not应在动词-ing形式之前。如：Not cleaning his teeth made him smell bad.Your schoolmates not coming home in time made her parents worried. Would you mind me not going there with you?,需要注意的问题：,以下的动词后面加动词的不定式作宾语： decide, hope, expect, seem, agree, afford, arrange,
20、 choose, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend,常跟不定式作宾语的动词口诀：,三个希望两答应， 两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定, 不要假装在选择。,hope; wish; want; agree; promise demand; ask; refuse manage; learn; decide pretend; choose,想要拒绝命令， 需要努力学习, 期望同意帮助， 希望决定开始。,want; refuse; order need; try; learn
21、expect; agree; help hope; wish; decide; begin; start,以下的动词后面既可接动词的不定式又可以接动词的ing作宾语。 含义一样：hate, love, prefer, like, 含义不同：remember, forget, regret, try, stop, begin, start, mean, go on,既跟动词-ing又接不定式作宾语的动词歌诀:,双方一旦开始，不论喜欢与否，都得继续下去。 不管记住与否，努力打算停止，后悔三个需要。,begin, start, like, prefer, hate, dislike,continue remember, forget, try, mean, stop, regret, want, need, require,
