1、Lesson One,Face to Face with Hurricane Camille by Joseph P. Blank,Background Knowledge,1. About the author: Joseph p. Blank （约瑟夫布兰克）,the writer published “Face to Face with Hurricane Camille“ in the Readers Digest, March 1970. 2. Hurricane Camille（卡米尔号飓风）: In the United States hurricanes are named a
2、lphabetically and given the names of people like Hurricane Camille, Hurricane Betsy, and so on; whereas in China Typhoons are given serial numbers like Typhoon No. 1, Typhoon No. 2 and so on.,3. The Salvation Army（救世军）: A Protestant religious body devoted to the conversion of, and social work among
3、the poor, and characterized by use of military titles, uniforms, etc. It was founded in 1878 by “General“ Booth in London; now worldwide in operation. 救世军，国际基督教慈善组织，其职能是扶危济困。为提高工作效率，其组织形式和活动方式均拟军队形式，有军衔、军服。救世军组织现已遍布80多个国家，国际总部设在伦敦。该组织创世人是卫理工会牧师、后成为救世军总司令的“布斯将军”。,4. Red Cross（红十字会）: an international
4、organization ( in full Internation Red Cross) founded in 1864 with headquarters and branches in all countries signatory to the Geneva Convention, for the relief of sufferingt in time of war or disaster. 红十字会，据1864年日内瓦公约的规定照顾在战争中受伤、有病和无家可归的人的一个国际组织，现也在自然灾害发生时或之后进行救助。,4. National Guard（国民警卫队）： Each st
5、ate has its own organization of the National Guard. It is composed of ordinary citizens who may be called to duty at any time. 5. Civil Defense Unit（民防队）play much the same role, but are not military in nature.,The Beaufort Scale,After Sir Francis Beaufort (1774-1857), Brit naval officer who devised
6、this original scale (1806), a scale of wind force and speed. 蒲福风级: 英国海军将领 Francis Beaufort (1774-1857)拟订,分0-12级,The Beaufort Scale,Number Description m.p.h. 0 clam breeze 无风 0 1 light breeze 软风 1-3 2 slight breeze 轻风 4-7 3 gentle breeze 微风 8-12 4 moderate breeze和风 1318 5 fresh breeze清风 1924 6 strong
7、 breeze强风 25-31 7 moderate gale疾风 32-38 8 fresh gale 大风 39-46 9 strong gale 烈风 47-54 10 whole gale 狂风 55-63 11 storm 暴风 64-75 12 hurricane 飓风 over 75,mph=miles per hour,风级歌,零级烟柱直冲天； 一级轻烟随风偏； 二级轻风吹满面； 三级叶动红旗展； 四级枝摇飞纸片； 五级带叶小树摇； 六级举伞步行难； 七级迎风走不便； 八级风吹树枝断； 九级屋顶飞瓦片； 十级拔树又倒屋； 十一二级陆少见。,typhoon, cyclone, h
8、urricane,Typhoon: Storms over the West Pacific Ocean and China seas. Cyclone: Storms over the Indian Ocean. Hurricane: storms over North Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico; a violent tropical cyclone with winds moving at 73 or more miles per hour，often accompanied by torrential rai
9、ns.,Four kinds of writing styles,1) narration 记叙文 2) description 描写文 3) exposition 说明文 4) argumentation 议论文,Detailed introduction to narration,protagonists vs. antagonists actions suspense/tension climax demouement,The literary style,A piece of narration is mainly developed in the actual time sequen
10、ce. The writer tells the readers what happens first , what next. chronological development,narration - story telling extended narration - novels histories biographies autobiographies travelogues,1. characters 2. plot A good story has a beginning, a middle, an end, even though it may start in the mid
11、dle or at some other point in the action and move backward to the earlier happenings.,The essentials of narration,Narration is concerned with action. It goes around people called characters in some kind of struggle or conflict against other people, nature, society or themselves. protagonist - leadin
12、g character antagonist - the people or forces protagonist fights against suspense - a state of uncertainty,interposition - a passage which is put between the action.插叙 The purpose is to add more information to create suspense flashback - interruption of chronological sequence by interjection of even
13、t of earlier occurrence倒叙 climax - the most exciting, important interesting part on the story, denouement - the ending of a story,climaxfalling actiondenouementrising actionconflictsuspense ending,beginning,Compounds,television = tele + vision, a combining form “tele-“ plus a noun “vision“. Eg. tele
14、gram, telephone, telescope, telegraph, telecommunication, telecast, etc. 2. northwestward = north + west + ward or northwest + ward. “-ward“ is a suffix meaning “in a (specific) direction or course“. eg:eastward. westward. backward, upward, inward, outward, seaward, home-ward. etc.,Compounds,3. mote
15、l = motorist + hotel, a blend word formed by combining parts of other words. eg: smog = smoke + fog, smaze = smoke + haze, brunch = breakfast + lunch, moped = motor + pedal, galumph = gallop + triumph, etc. 4. bathtub=bath + tub, a compound word formed by combining two nouns. eg: bathrobe, bathroom.
16、 bedroom, roommate, butterfly, dragonfly, football, housekeeper, etc. 5. returnees=return + ees, a verb plus a noun forming suffix “-ee“ designating a person in specified condition. eg: employee, refugee, retiree, examinee, escapee, nominee, interviewee, divorcee.,Theme,man vs. nature,The detailed s
17、tudy of the text,Radio and televisionas Camille lashed .Mexico.（Para.1, line 3）lash - to strike with great force; to move violently or suddenly. Eg. The waves lashed the racks. Eg. The rain was lashing against the windows.,It was certain to pummel Gulfport ,Miss., where the Koshaks lived.( Para.1, l
18、ine5 ) pummel ( pommel).-to beat suddenly or attack vigorously; to hit with repeated blows. Eg. The thief was pushed and pummeled by an angry crowd. Miss.=Mississippi的缩写,Gulfport,加佛港，美国密西西比州东南部城市，位于比洛克西以西的墨西哥湾内。1891年起有移民定居，当时作为一个铁路终点站，1902年后发展为一个港口。,Trying to reason out the best course of action (pa
19、ra.2, line 1) reason out: 推断出，合乎逻辑的表达。 eg. The expert reasoned out a solution to the problem.这位专家分析推断出解决这个问题的方法。 2.Set forth facts and reason things out.摆事实，讲道理 a course of action：行动方针，行动策略，方法,Las Vegas,Las Vegas city（拉斯维加斯） is the seat of Clark County in South Nevada. In 1970 it had a population of
20、 125,787 people. Revenue from hotels, gambling, entertainment and other tourist-oriented industries forms the backbone of Las Vegass economy. Its nightclubs and casinos are world famous. The city is also the commercial hub of a ranching and mining area. In the 19th century Las Vegas was a watering p
21、lace for travelers to South California. In 1867, Las Vegas was detached from the Arizona territory and joined to Nevada.,Las Vegas(para.2, line5)拉斯维加斯，世界著名赌城，在美国内华达州东南部，为克拉克县县城所在地。是美国内华达州的最大城市，以赌博业为中心的庞大的旅游、购物、度假产业而著名，是世界知名的度假圣地之一，城内多豪华旅馆，夜总会，赌场及异域风情游乐设施。自1931年实施赌博合法化以来，该城吸引了大量游客，市区人口和经济增长速度极快。,Four
22、 years earlier, Hurricane Betsy had demolished his former home a few miles west of Gulfport.（para3，line 5）四年前，倍特西飓风摧毁了他从前在加佛港西部以西几英里的家。 Hurricane Betsy:倍特西飓风，1965年9月710日横扫了美国的弗罗里达州，密西西比州和路易斯安那州，造成74人死亡。,demolish， destroy, raze, annihilate见课后题第七题 destroy一词最为常见，主要强调破坏的力度之大和彻底，一般不带感情或修辞色彩。 demolish和raz
23、e通常用于巨大物体，如大型建筑物等。demolish常用引申义，指任何复合体的被摧毁，如demolish a theory with a few incisive comments,意即“用几句锋利的评语推翻某种理论”，而raze几乎无一例外地用于指建筑物的被毁。 annihilate在这些词中所表示的损坏程度最为强烈，字面意思是“化为乌有”，但实际上往往用于指对人或物的严重损伤，如annihilate an enemy force,是指使敌军遭到重创，不仅没有还手之力，而且没有招架之功。如说annihilate ones opponent in a debate，是指彻底驳倒对手。,and
24、were a good 250 yards from the sea（para.3,line10）a good :at least ;full,“We can batten down and ride it out“ (Para.4, line2)：we can make the necessary preparations and survicve the hurricane without much damage.（课后题4.3） to batten down - metaphor to secure with battens The elder Koshak is talking abo
25、ut preparing and securing the house for the storm to come.ride out: 安然度过（大风，风暴等），经受住。,Gray clouds scudded in from the Gulf on the rising wind. ( Para.6, line 1 )The speed of these clouds is an indication of the swiftness with which the storm is approaching.,A neighbor, whose husband was in Vietnam,
26、asked if she and her two children could sit out the storm with the Koshaks:（课后题6.2） 卡米尔飓风发生时的1969年正值美国陷入越南战争的泥潭，邻居的丈夫当时正在越南打仗 sit out: stay till the end of (a performance, etc.),Another neighbor came by on his way inlandwould of his dog? (para6 ,line5) （课后题6.3） another neighbor paid a visit on his w
27、ay inland。 came by :pay a visit（American English） Next time youre over this way, come by.,句中的破折号表示有些部分省略了，标准说法应为： Another neighbor came by on his way inland and asked if the Koshaks would mind would taking care of his dog. 文中此句破折号后的部分既非直接引述邻居的原话又没有按间接引述的语法要求转述邻居的问话，而直接保留问话形式，目的在于既节省文字又从中显出邻居行色匆匆，慌不择
28、言，让人感到一种紧张迫切的气氛，也烘托出即将来临的这场飓风的凶猛可怕。,Wind and rain now whipped the house (para7,line1) 修辞手法：metaphor 全句真正含义是：Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.The French doors in an upstairs room blew in with an explosive.windows disintegrated. ( Para.8,line 5) French door-法兰西式两用门，门为双扇，上有玻
29、璃格子，似窗,或 French windows落地窗。 blow in: burst open by the storm,disinterate, decay, rot, spoil, molder, decompose（见课后题第七题） decay 常指某物自然而然地逐渐衰败腐化。如： His teeth have begun to decay.他的牙齿开始老化变坏。 rot指有机物质，如蔬菜等因菌毒感染而腐败变质，如：rotting apples(烂了的苹果) spoil用于非正式文体，常指食物变质。如Fish spoils quickly in summer.鱼在夏天极易变质。 mold
30、er用于指物体缓慢、逐步地腐朽。如：Old buildings molder away.老房子渐渐腐烂了。,disintegrate意指把某物从整体变为碎片或一个个部分。如Rocks disintegrated by frost and rain.被霜和雨蚀裂成碎块的岩石。 decompose指将物质分解为其构成成分。如Water can be decompose(d) into hydrogen and oxygen.水可以分解成氢和氧。该词还可以用来代替rot,使语气略显委婉。,The generator was doused (Para.9,line4) (见习题6.5) douse-p
31、ut out (a light，fire，generation, etc.) quickly by pouring water over it熄灭（灯或火）The electrical systems had been killed by water. (para11, line3) (练习6.6) kill-(American English) to cause (an engine, etc.) to stopand the water was rising by the minute (para.9 ,line7):水时刻都在涨 by : in the amount of 按计算 Eg.
32、 Rent a house by the month,Everybody out the back door to the cars! (Para.10,line1) 无动词祈使句。常常以介词替代谓语的动作，亦可看作是谓语动词省略的情况 (即elliptical). “everybody go out the back door and go to the car”。本文其他此类句子：Everybody on the stairs! (=Everybody go and sit on the stairs) (Para.12,line1) Up the stairs! (= Go up the
33、 stairs!) Into our bedroom! (=Go into our bedroom) Into the television room! ( = Go into the television room! ),The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away: (para.13 ,line1) 修辞手法：simile 把the sound of the wind 比作the roar of a passing train,We can prop it up with our heads and s
34、houlders. ( Para.25,line 3) sentence meaning: 我们可以用头和肩膀把它支撑起来！ Prop up: use a prop or props to raise sth. And prevent it from falling; support支撑；支持 例： The patient lay with his head propped up on three pillows. 病人躺着，用三个枕头垫着头。,A third wall gave way. ( Para.26,line 6) Sentence meaning: Another wall col
35、lapsed.又一面墙倒塌了。 Give way: collapse from or as if from physical pressure 倒塌 例： The ladder gave way. 梯子倒塌了。,and parts of the beach and highway were strewn with dead dogs, cats cattle. ( Para.28,line 4) Sentence meaning:海滩和公路的一些地方散落着死狗、死猫、死牛。 Strew: v. spread here and there; scatter 撒，使散落,Strips of clo
36、thing festooned the standing trees. ( Para.28,line5) 被撕成布条的衣服挂在树上，像是用花彩来装饰树。 修辞手法：metaphor。,Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi: （Para.32,line 1）sentence meaning: 与此同时，卡米尔飓风已经向北横扫了密西西比州。rake:v.(fig.) pass over or through a surface or medium with a continuous movement;
37、lash（比喻）掠过，扫过，席卷 Eg. The typhoon raked its way over South China sea.台风横扫了南海。,.causing rampaging floods:bringing about violent floods（Para.32,line 3）引发了洪水泛滥 rampage: v. move about widly or violently暴跳，横冲直撞 例： Efforts were made to prevent the buffalo rampaging through the village.人们努力制止水牛在村子里横冲直撞。,.an
38、d he pitched in with Seabees in the worst volunteer work of all（Para. 33,line 5）sentence meaning: 他和美国海军修建营成员一道努力投入到所有志愿者工作中最艰苦的工作。Seabee: 美国海军修建营成员，包括机匠、木工、电焊工及其他建筑工人，其主要任务是修建海军航导基地和设施，一般不参加战斗。,But the blues did occasionally afflict all the adults:（para.36, line 1） 但是忧郁的情绪不时地折磨所有的成年人。 The blues: 1.
39、(pl.) ( used with a sing. Or pl. verb) a state of depression or melancholy(复数形式)（与单数或复数动词连用）忧郁，郁闷 例： The blues has finally gotten me today.忧郁的情结今天最终还是降临到我心头。 2.（音乐）蓝调音乐布鲁斯：一种源于美国南部黑人通俗歌曲的音乐风格，通常表现为音速低缓，演奏第三和第七音节的降音调。,Organizational pattern,Sect I. para 1-6 introduction the setting of the storybackgr
40、ound informationtime place charactersreasonsactions,Sect II para 7-26 How the family was brought face to face with the hurricane. How the family was fighting against it and survived. How many onslaughts did the hurricane make on the Koshaks?,4 onslaughts,1. (p7) on the first floor the house was leak
41、ing. They used all kinds of utensils to fight against the water. 2. (p 8-13 ) on the staircase When the sea water reached the house, they retreated to the staircase,4 onslaughts,3. (p 14-21) in the bedroom When the stirs were broken, they retreated to the bedroom.(p 19-20) interposition(插叙)1. giving
42、 additional information about the devastating force of the hurricane, implying if anyone could survive, it must be a miracle.2. creating suspense 4. (p22-26) in the TV room When the bedroom walls collapsed, they had to retreat to the TV room.,para 19 20,Two paras were put in to provide further offic
43、ial account to show how strong and forceful the hurricane was. They were convincing.,Dear Lord, give meWhy no quotation marks? The writer wants to make his account smooth. He purposely omits quotation marks. The action is quickened and smooth.,Organizational pattern,Sect. III para 2739 conclusion (a
44、 bit too long) the scene after the storm the relief work done by the state the relief work done by the Koshaks,Organizational pattern,The most important part is the last para. “I realize we lost nothing important“. What s the purpose behind the story by giving us a reflection from grandmother? Human
45、 beings are more important than anything else in the world. ( the material things),Language features,1. the effective use of verbs The effective use of verbs is the only way to focus on action, esp. one syllable verbs, because one syllable verbs save time.lash, lap, skim, scud, yell, dump, shot, sna
46、p, hit, whip 2. short elliptical sentencesa) increase the tempo of actionb) create the atmosphere of tension, danger and urgency,3. successful achievement of chronological development Chronological development is achieved by : connectors - so, then, but. transitional phrases - seconds later, after t
47、hat , for an instant, by this time, etc.4. the words with which vividly describe the violence of the hurricane. - quick, unpleasant effect lash, crack, snap, slashing, smash, shatter, rampage, collapse, lap,3. Because salty water was sea water. It showed that the sea water had reached the house. the
48、y were in real trouble for they might be washed into the sea by the tidal wave.,4. She feared death would soon come, and she wanted to remind her husband of her undying love. This would help to encourage each other and make them feel better to face the death. 5. Because he had not been cautious enough to move the family away from the danger zone before the storm arrived.,6. In order to get their minds off the storm and make them feel less afraid. 7. John was trying his best to comfort and encourage his wife, for he also felt they were going to die.,
