1、Unit 6 Frozen,单击添加署名或公司信息,Hemispheres: Reading and Writing Course,Unit 6 Frozen,Text AWill Polar Animals Survive?,Text BAntarctica Gives Mixed Signals on Warming,CONTENTS,LEAD-IN,Who is responsible for global warming? Look at the following pictures and try to put them in the proper category.,co2 emi
2、tted from factories,volcanic eruptions,forest fire,co2 emitted from cars,a.,b.,c.,d.,LEAD-IN,using air conditioning or heat,release of methane,Natural causes:_ Human causes:_,e.,f.,a, c, f,b, c, d, e,Background Information,McMurdo Station is an American Antarctic research center located on the south
3、ern tip of Ross Island on the shore of McMurdo Sound in Antarctica. It is operated by the United States through the United States Antarctic Program, a branch of the National Science Foundation. The station is the largest community in Antarctica, capable of supporting up to 1,258 residents, and serve
4、s as the United States Antarctic science facility.,McMurdo Station,READING AND SPEAKING,Skill Focus,READING AND SPEAKING,_ Most of the people living at McMurdo are not researchers. _ There are about 150,000 people at McMurdo. _ Elaine Frye does not enjoy living at McMurdo. _ Tommy Long looks forward
5、 to getting a permanent job at McMurdo.,Keys,A. Read the article and check () the true sentences about McMurdo Station and the people working there.,Article,Paraphrasing A good paraphrase is accurate and avoids giving opinions. When writing an academic paper, it is necessary to paraphrase informatio
6、n from a source or multiple sources before putting it into your work.,X,McMurdo is a U.S. research station in Antarctica. When you think of people at a research station, you probably think of scientists. But most workers at McMurdo are support staffdrivers, cooks, construction workers, computer tech
7、nicians, and many others all help to keep the station in operation. With an airport, a hospital, restaurants, bars, a library, a movie theater, and a golf course, McMurdo is like a tiny city.,Translation,New words,READING AND SPEAKING,Life in Antarctica,READING AND SPEAKING,The population ranges fro
8、m about 200 people in the winter to nearly 1,000 in the summer. Some people who come to McMurdo during the summer months have successful careers in the United States, but they take time away from them to come to McMurdo. Their jobs at McMurdo may be less demanding and interesting than their jobs bac
9、k home, but they provide a chance to experience life in Antarctica.,Translation,READING AND SPEAKING,Translation,Elaine Frye took a year off from her teaching job to come to the station. “I could have stayed home and had a nice life. Who knows, I might have had a great year at my school. Here, I was
10、h dishes in a restaurant. That may sound boring, but Im having a blast.” In her time off, Elaine takes photos of the penguins, small birds, and other animals. Elaine says, “Yesterday I took a picture of two killer whales! I really think this could be the greatest place in the whole world. Ill miss i
11、t when I go home. I might try to come back again in a few years.”,READING AND SPEAKING,Translation,Tommy Long has been at McMurdo almost six months, and he looks forward to returning to his permanent job. “I like it here, but its getting a little boring, and I want to leave before I get sick of it.
12、Its a great experience, but Ive been here long enough. Im sure somebody else will be dying to take my place.” Tommy is probably right. There is a long list of people waiting for the opportunity to live in one of the coldest places on Earth.,麦克默多是美国的南极考察站。说起考察站的人，你想到的也许会是科学家。可是驻扎在麦克默多的绝大多数都是后勤工作人员司机、
13、厨师、建筑工人、电脑技术人员，还有许多保持考察站正常运行的其他人。麦克默多有机场、医院、餐馆、酒吧、图书馆、影剧院，还有一个高尔夫球场，简直是一座微型城市。,Article,南极生活,Article,这里的人口从冬季的200人左右到夏季的近1000人不等。有些人在美国事业有成，却在夏天丢开工作到麦克默多来待上几个月。与国内的工作相比，他们在麦克默多干的活儿可能没那么带劲，没那么有趣，但这给了他们一次亲身体验南极生活的机会。,Article,伊莱恩弗赖伊请了一年的假，离开讲台，来到麦克默多。“我本可以待在家里享受生活，说不准还能在学校里干得不错呢。在这儿，我给一家餐馆洗盘子，听起来好像有点儿没劲
14、，可我觉得特别过瘾。”不上班的时候，伊莱恩给企鹅、小鸟和别的动物拍照。伊莱恩说：“昨天我居然拍到了两头虎鲸！我真的觉得这是世界上最棒的地方。要是回去了我会想念这儿的，也许过几年我还会设法再回来。”,Article,汤米朗来麦克默多快六个月了，他盼着早点儿回去继续他的固定工作。“我喜欢这儿，但现在没什么新鲜感了，我想乘我还没厌倦的时候离开。这次经历不错，可我待得够长了。我肯定有人巴不得来接替我呢！”汤米或许是对的。有一长溜人正等着这个机会到地球上最冷的地方生活一遭呢。,READING AND SPEAKING,Article,READING AND SPEAKING,B. Read the fo
15、llowing sentences carefully and choose the best paraphrase of each sentence.,Keys,Some people have successful careers in theUnited States, but they take time away from them to come to McMurdo. A. Some people come to McMurdo and decideto live there forever in spite of theirsuccessful careers in the U
16、nited State. B. Some people have been away from theirsuccessful careers for some time to come toMcMurdo.,B,READING AND SPEAKING,Keys,2. Their jobs at McMurdo may be less demanding and interesting than their jobs back home.A. Their jobs at McMurdo are not as interesting anddemanding as their jobs at
17、home.B. Their jobs at home are not as demanding andinteresting as their jobs at McMurdo.3. Somebody else will be dying to take my place. A. Someone else is very ill and will be dying so Ill take the place.B. Someone else is eager to take my place.,A,B,C. Discuss the following questions with your cla
18、ssmates.,READING AND SPEAKING,McMurdo is a U.S. research station in Antarctica, but in what way is it like a tiny city? Some people have successful careers in the United States, but why are they looking forward to going to McMurdo?,TEXT A,Background Information,The Woods Hole Oceanographic Instituti
19、on (WHOI) is a private, non-profit research and higher education facility dedicated to the study of all aspects of marine science and engineering and to the education of marine researchers. Established in 1930, it is the largest independent oceanographic research institution in the U.S., with staff
20、and students numbering about 1,000. The Institution is organized into five departments, four interdisciplinary institutesocean life, coastal ocean, ocean and climate change, deep ocean explorationthe Cooperative Institute for Climate and Ocean Research, and a marine policy center. Its shore-based fa
21、cilities are located in the village of Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and a mile and a half away on the Quissett Campus. The bulk of the Institutions funding comes from somewhat peer-reviewed grants and contracts from the National Science Foundation and other government agencies, augmented by foundation
22、s and private donations.,the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,READING AND SPEAKING,The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international non-governmental organization working on issues regarding the conservation, research and restoration of the environment, formerly named the World Wildlife F
23、und, which remains its official name in the United States and Canada. It is the worlds largest independent conservation organization with over 5 million supporters worldwide, working in more than 90 countries, supporting around 1,300 conservation and environmental projects around the world. It is a
24、charity, with approximately 60% of its funding coming from voluntary donations by private individuals. 45% of the funds income comes from the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands.,the World Wide Fund,READING AND SPEAKING,Background Information,Background Information,The American Mu
25、seum of Natural History (abbreviated as AMNH), located on the upper west side of Manhattan in New York City, is one of the largest and most celebrated museums in the world. Located in park-like grounds, the Museum comprises 25 interconnected buildings that house 46 permanent exhibition halls, resear
26、ch laboratories, and its Renowned library.,the American Museum of Natural History,READING AND SPEAKING,TEXT A,It seems polar areas are the paradise for polar animals. However, in the Arctic, hungry polar bears are unable to sustain themselves on the melting ice. And in Antarctica, more rain soaks pe
27、nguin chicks through, which puts them at risk of freezing to death.,Will Polar Animals Survive?,极地看似极地动物的天堂，然而，在北极，饥肠辘辘的北极熊已无法在日渐融化的冰雪中生存；在南极，雨水增多，淋透了企鹅幼崽，使他们面临被冻死的危险。,全文音频,1. In the Arctic, hungry polar bears, unable to themselves on the melting ice, are increasingly inland to towns, where they sni
28、ff out garbage bins and scavenge for dinner. And in Antarctica, wet baby penguin chicks in the rain: warming temperatures mean less snow but more rain, which them through, putting them freezing to death. These are the of climate change, scientists say.,TRANSLATION,shiver,consequences,TEXT A,sustain,
29、making their way,soaks,at risk of,TRANSLATION,2. Indeed, an increasing number of studies have documented current or projected future ones for polar bears and for many penguin species. Hal Caswell, senior scientist in the biology department at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, has led studies of
30、polar bears in Alaskas Southern Beaufort Sea and emperor penguins in Terre Adlie, Antarctica.,TEXT A,declines,TRANSLATION,Both studies focused on the effects of in sea ice and, , on what happens when less sea ice is available. “ We found evidence that the population growth was negatively impacted wh
31、en there were periods of decreasing sea ice,” Caswell says. “The populations did not do as well.”,fluctuations,TEXT A,in particular,3. Sybille Klenzendorf, the World Wildlife Funds managing director for species conservation, cites studies that similar findings. In Canadas Hudson Bay area, there are
32、25 percent fewer polar bears than 25 years ago. On the Antarctic Peninsula, where air temperatures have warmed about 5 degrees Fahrenheit in the past 50 years, Adlie penguins have declined by 65 percent, and the emperor penguins also are in peril.,TRANSLATION,TEXT A,spell out,4. Traditionally, polar
33、 bears spend most of their time living on or near the ice as they hunt for seals, their preferred food. But over the past 30 years, Arctic sea ice has . ice means fewer perches from which polar bears can search for seals (which also have a harder time surviving under these conditions because they, t
34、oo, sea ice). With seal hunting more difficult, bears search for other options.,TRANSLATION,TEXT A,diminished,Scarce,are dependent on,Some swim ever farther out to sea, where they may drown. Others wander inland and turn to scavenging when they come across garbage left by humans. At the same time, w
35、ith ice forming later each fall and earlier each spring, female polar bears have less time to feed and store up fat that will allow them to sustain pregnancies and then nurse and care for their cubs long enough for them to survive.,TRANSLATION,TEXT A,breaking up,5. If these trends continue, scientis
36、ts arent optimistic about polar bears long-term viability. They predict that the polar bear population could disappear by the end of the century. If they at all, some scientists suggest, it may be by interbreeding with brown bears and eventually evolving back into brown bearsthe species scientists b
37、elieve polar bears evolved from.,TRANSLATION,TEXT A,endure,6. Nor is life likely to get easier for penguins. In the Western Antarctic Peninsula, warming air temperatures have led to more precipitation in the form of rain, rather than snow, and that spells trouble for Adlie penguins and their chicks.
38、 Simply put, increased rain can cause Adlie chicks to die. Newborn and very young chicks do not have the insulating plumage that would keep them dry. When rain falls on their downy outer coats, they become soaked through and hypothermia.,TRANSLATION,TEXT A,are subject to,Boersma，the Wadsworth chair
39、in conservation science at the University of Washington in Seattle, likens the impact to being up in a cold, wet sleeping bag in the middle of winter with no chance of . Similarly, emperor penguins are at risk. The emperors depend on ice across which the adults and their chicks can march. If the ice
40、 breaks up too soon and the chicks fall into the water, they will not survive because their outer coats are not yet waterproof, Boersma says.,TRANSLATION,TEXT A,endowed,wrapped,drying off,stable,7. Some scientists say that the problems penguins and polar bears face at the extremes of the world may s
41、erve as a preview of what will happen to the rest of the planet and all other species, including humans. “To me, there are two possible catastrophic circumstances that climate change could lead to,” says Edmond Mathez, a curator at the American Museum of Natural History. The first, he says, is risin
42、g sea levels that, over the course of the next one or two centuries, could displace “hundreds of millions of people.”,TRANSLATION,TEXT A,The second is “rising temperatures that will bring on more extensive droughts that will eventually disrupt food supplies.” If the scientists are right, that course
43、 could lead to severe consequences for humans as well as penguins and polar bears.,TRANSLATION,TEXT A,TEXT STRUCTURE ANALYSIS,Part Para(s) Main Idea,1. The decreasing sea ice has slowed down the population growth of polar animals. (Para. ) 2. Some polar bears head for towns because they cant find fo
44、od if they stay on the melting ice. (Para. ),Keys,TEXT A,A. Identify the paragraph from which the following information is derived.,READING COMPREHENSION,1,2,3. The female polar bears dont have enough fat to live through the pregnancies and take care of their cubs for long enough. (Para. ) 4. Seals
45、are the preferred food of polar bears. (Para. ) 5. The problems penguins and polar bears face in polar areas may predict what the other areas and animals including humans will face. (Para. ),Keys,TEXT A,READING COMPREHENSION,4,4,7,polar bears in Canadas Hudson Bay area have declined by 65% compared
46、with those of 25 years ago there are 65% fewer Adlie penguins than 50 years ago emperor penguins have declined by 25% in the past 50 years. its uncertain whether emperor penguins have declined or not,TEXT A,1. Sybille Klenzendorf has found in the studies that _.,B,B. Choose the best answer from the
47、four choices marked A, B, C, and D.,READING COMPREHENSION,Keys,TEXT A,2. Female polar bears have less time to feed and store up fat because _.,they are engaged in nursing and caring for their babies B. they are busy swimming farther out to sea to search for food C. less ice leads to fewer food to su
48、rvive D. ice forms later in the fall and melts earlier in the spring,D,Keys,TEXT A,3. The scientists attitude towards the polar bears long-term viability is _.,A. indifferent B. optimistic C. pessimistic D. neutral,C,Keys,TEXT A,4. The newborn and very young penguin chicks soak through in the rain because _.,warming air temperatures have led to more rainthey do not have waterproof feathers they can not march in the rain they have downy outer coats,B,Keys,TEXT A,5. The ultimate reason which impacts polar animals survival is _.,
