1、Mapping,Embarkation,Navigation,Destination,Resources,Active reading 2,Learning about gender stereotype Learning to evaluate the text by leitmotif,Adam and Eve,A poem,Sexism in language,Sexism in the workplace,Gender stereotype,Gender stereotype,Read a definition of stereotype and complete the boxes.
2、,Stereotypes are generalizations, or assumptions, that people make about the characteristics of all members of a group, based on an image (often wrong) about what people in that group are like.,More,Gender stereotype,Inside the box write your presumptions about what ideal husbands or wives are like.
3、,1. tough 2. capable 3. reliable,1. caring 2. patient 3. faithful,To win the heart of their love, what will people do?,click,Gender stereotype,To win girls heart, young men have to be trained as tough, capable and reliable. Or they will most probably bemoan their bachelors status for the rest of the
4、ir lives. Similarly, girls are prone to let on that they will become faithful wives and loving mothers even if they are not the type.,A poem,Read a poem written by Alfred Tennyson. Discuss whether you agree with it and then translate it into Chinese.,Man for the field and woman for the hearth. Man f
5、or the sword and for the needle she. Man with the head and woman with the heart. Man to command and woman to obey.- Alfred Tennyson,click,A poem,1. 男耕女织，男武女文，男刚女柔，男尊女卑。 2. 男人耕作女持家；男上战场女纺纱。男人冷静女优柔；男施命令女听话。 3. 男人主外女主内，男人舞剑女缝衣，男人理智女多情，男人吆喝女相随。 4.男持外，女主内，男打仗，女制衣。男有脑，女有心，男发令，女执行。,More,A poem,5. 男人是大地的主宰，
6、女人是家庭的皇帝，男人用利剑打天下，女人用利针守家门，男人用脑征服女人，女人用心征服男人，男人惯于命令女人，女人习惯服从男人。,Gender stereotype,These beliefs are so ingrained in our consciousness that many of us think that gender roles are natural, so we dont question them. Even if we dont consciously subscribe to them as part of our own belief system, our cul
7、ture bombards us with messages about what it means to be men and women today.,Adam and Eve,Listen to a recording about how Adam and Eve were made and punished for their sin.,More,Adam and Eve,1. How was the man made?He was made from the dust of the ground. 2. Why was the woman created and why was sh
8、e called woman?A helper suitable for the man.She was made out of a rib taken out of the man.,Listen and answer the questions.,Script,click,Adam and Eve,Back,Adam and Eve,To the woman he said, “I will greatly _ your pain in childbirth. In pain you will bring forth children. Your _ will be for your hu
9、sband, and he will _ over you.” To Adam he said, “Because you have listened to your wifes voice, and have eaten of the tree, of which I _ you, saying, You shall not eat of it, cursed is the _ for your sake. In _ you will eat of it all the days of your life. Thorns also and thistles will it bring for
10、th to you; and you will eat the herb of the field. By the _ of your face will you eat bread until you return to the ground, for out of it you were taken. For you are _, and to dust you shall return.”,Listen and complete the sentences.,multiply,desire,ground,toil,sweat,dust,commanded,rule,Sexism in l
11、anguage,Work in groups to collect examples to show sexism in English and Chinese language.,Example Act like a man! This sentence implies that men should not cry and should be brave and look tough.,More,Sexism in language,1. Women are fragile. Eg: Frailty, thy name is women. Woman is made to weep.Wom
12、an is made of glass. 2. Women are changeable. Eg: Women, wind and fortune are ever changing.,More,If men knew all that women think, theyd be twenty times more daring. 女人心海底针。女大十八变。,Sexism in language,3. Women are ignorant. Eg: Long hair and short wit. 头发长，见识短。女子无才便是德。妇人之见。男子汉不同妇人一般见识。 4. Women are e
13、vil. Eg: 天下最毒妇人心.唯女子小人难养. 红颜祸水.Its time he made an honest woman out of you.Chinese characters denoting negative qualities that contain the female radical 女, such as 奸, 嫉 etc.,More,Sexism in language,5. Women are talkative. Eg: One tongue is enough for a woman. Women will have the last word.长舌妇。三个女人一
14、台戏。 6. Men are intelligent and capable. Eg: Men are natural leaders; women are not. Women are natural carers; men are not. Hes his own man.Hes a man of the world.男儿当自强。,More,Sexism in language,English and Han language are male-centered, biased in favor of men, derogatory towards women.A person of un
15、known sex is referred to as he, not she; Eg: He who laughs last laughs best.Everyone must do his homework well. 2. Man, and men can be used generically to refer to both male and female. Eg: Man proposes, God disposes. 谋事在人，成事在天 chairman/Madame Chairman, policeman 3. Some words indicating females pro
16、fession, are created by adding a prefix/suffix or by combining them with a word referring to female. Eg: waitress/heroine/woman doctor/lady lawyer,Sexism in the workplace,Make a list of the problems faced by women who share the same workplace as men.,Think about:attitudes and behaviour of male colle
17、aguesfacilities in the workplacecontracts and paypossibilities for promotion,More,Sexism in the workplace,1. Being looked at as women not as competent workers 2. Judged in the workplace on the basis of their looks 2. Unsuitable facilities for changing clothes or washing, and toilet 3. Less paid than
18、 males holding the same job 4. Difficult to get promotion: glass ceiling 5. Sexual harassment,click,Sexism in the workplace,“Glass ceiling” is the situation where a woman is successful in a company, but then she hits the glass ceiling this invisible barrier which stops her going any higher in her ca
19、reer. “Glass” is metaphorical. Glass is transparent and sometimes invisible, but it is there.,“If we can blast 50 women into space, we will somehow launch a woman into the White House. And although we werent able to shatter that highest, hardest, glass ceiling this time, thanks to you, it has got ab
20、out 18 million cracks in it.” (Hillary Clinton in her farewell speech to end her campaign for Democratic nomination),Back,Text organisation,Text exploration,Text evaluation,Comprehending the text,Understanding leitmotif,Evaluating leitmotif,Identify the textual pattern.,More,Text Organisation,click,
21、click,Text Organisation,Text Organisation,03,Definition of the term markedthe way language alerts the base meaning of a word by adding something,2. Differences between a “marked” and an “unmarked” word in meaningextra meaning VS no special meaning,3. The option of men in being unmarked Clothes: brow
22、n or blue slacks & standard-style shirts of light colors Shoes: dark, closed, comfortable & flat No make-up,Back,Text Organisation,spike heels,click,click,click,Text Organisation,clothes,spike heels,Back,Text Organisation,titles,spike heels,Back,Mrs.,Text Organisation,surnames,spike heels,her surnam
23、e + husbands,Back,take her husbands surname,Comprehending the text,Read the passage and choose the best questions to the questions.,More,More,Comprehending the text,1. Which of the following words is marked?(a) Doctor. (b) Actor.(c) Actress. (d) Poet. 2. What does a marked female ending to a word us
24、ually convey?(a) Physical attractiveness.(b) A lack of authority.(c) A lack of seriousness.(d) Greater professional competence.,More,Comprehending the text,3. What did the writer notice at a conference?(a) All the women were dressed in the same way.(b) All the men were dressed in the same way.(c) On
25、e of the men wore a cowboy shirt and jeans.(d) None of the women wore sensible shoes. 4. What did a woman with high heels do at the conference?(a) She was isolated by her female colleagues.(b) She was the first to complete a group task.(c) She broke one of the heels when she had to make a trek.(d) S
26、he took off her shoes and attracted a group of men.,Comprehending the text,5. What did a male colleague tell a female lawyer to do before she went to court?(a) To put on a jacket over her blouse.(b) To do up a button on her blouse.(c) To undo a button on her blouse.(d) To wear something with darker
27、colours. 6. What is a woman often asked to do when filling in a form?(a) Choose from four titles.(b) Give both her married and unmarried name.(c) Give information about her married status.(d) Avoid using the title “Dr”.,Understanding leitmotif,More,Answer the questions.,1. From which field has the w
28、riter borrowed the term marked? 2. What are the differences between a “marked” and an “unmarked” word? 3. What is the difference between a “marked” and an “unmarked” appearance in the workplace? 4. Why is no make-up “marked” for women? 5. How often do men wear “marked” clothes in the workplace? 6. W
29、hat is the connection between “marked” and “sexy”? 7. Why are womens titles (Mrs, Miss and Ms) all marked? 8. In what sense are womens surnames marked?,click,click,click,click,click,click,click,click,Understanding leitmotif,From which field has the writer borrowed the term marked?,Back,Understanding
30、 leitmotif,2. What are the differences between a “marked” and an “unmarked” word?,Back,Understanding leitmotif,3. What is the difference between a “marked” and an “unmarked” appearance in the workplace?,normalneutralcommon,differentparticularnoticeable,Your Text,Back,Understanding leitmotif,4. Why i
31、s no make-up “marked” for women?,many or most women wear some make-up.,because,A woman wearing no make-up in a context where it is expected that make-up would be worn,noticeably different,it is “marked”.,Back,Understanding leitmotif,5. How often do men wear “marked” clothes in the workplace?,cowboy
32、shirt,a necklaced hippie in jeans,Not often or rarely,Back,Understanding leitmotif,6. What is the connection between “marked” and “sexy”?,Back,Understanding leitmotif,7. Why are womens titles (Mrs, Miss and Ms) all marked?,Miss,Whichever choice a woman makes it tells people something more than their
33、 title.,Back,Understanding leitmotif,8. In what sense are womens surnames marked?,Back,Understanding leitmotif,Evaluating leitmotif,Work in pairs and discuss the questions.,click,How successful do you think the use of the leitmotif of “markedness” is? Do you think the passage paints an accurate port
34、rait of women in the workplace? What do you think the writers job is?,click,click,1. How successful do you think the use of the leitmotif of “markedness” is?,Back,understand what the terms “marked” and “unmarked” mean,Evaluating leitmotif,2. Do you think the passage paints an accurate portrait of wo
35、men in the workplace?,The main consideration would be whether she is competent at her job.,all the workers have to wear working clothes,a woman is judged by her clothing & appearance.,go too far,Evaluating leitmotif,Back,3. What do you think the writers job is?,a PhD,goes to conferences,uses linguis
36、tic terms (like “marked” & “unmarked”) as basic ways to look at language, clothing & appearance,examples: language-based,an academic who studied linguistics and either teaches linguistics or sth like anthropology or cultural studies in which linguistics is important,Evaluating leitmotif,Back,Text ev
37、aluation,Work in pairs and discuss the questions.,click,Which is the most serious problem raised in the passage? Although the word sexist is not used, the passage is about sexist attitudes in the workplace. Can you define sexist? Do you think workplaces are usually sexist? Should men and women wear
38、similar clothes in the workplace?,click,click,click,1. Which is the most serious problem raised in the passage?,Text evaluation,Back,Women have choices but the choices are seen as marked in the context of mens choices.,The choice of clothing & appearance seems to affect,2. Although the word sexist i
39、s not used, the passage is about sexist attitudes in the workplace. Can you define sexist?,Text evaluation,Back,sexist attitudes are stereotyped.,3. Do you think workplaces are usually sexist?,Text evaluation,Back,sexist,4. Should men and women wear similar clothes in the workplace?,Text evaluation,
40、Back,people are smart and dress appropriately for the context of their work,Summarising,Talking point,Summarising,Women constantly have to make choices about dress and appearance, and even the way they sign their names, which lead people to make judgments about them. A woman without a particular hai
41、r style is considered 1) _ _ and can be 2) _. Tight or revealing clothes send a message that the wearer 3) _ and that she is still 4) _. Light make-up calls attention to the wearer as someone who tries to be 5) _.,Summarise the text by filling the blanks.,More,careless about how she looks,disqualifi
42、ed for many positions,wants to be attractive,available,attractive without being alluring,Summarising,A woman who takes her husbands surname announces to the world that she is 6) _ and also that she is 7) _ and may be 8) _. However, men do not have to make the same choices.,married,traditional,less h
43、erself,Work in pairs and discuss what (if any) can be done to solve the problems illustrated below.,Talking point,click,click,click,click,Talking point,Step 1: Check the law a woman should be allowed a certain period away from her work to give birth to her child Step 2: remind your employer about it
44、,find another job with a better employer, one who is more sympathetic to workers who have children,Back,Talking point,Step 1: get medical advice about your feet Step 2: talk to your employer to see if you could be permitted to wear flat-heeled shoes,Back,Talking point,Step1: Try to get extra trainin
45、g Step 2: Study to pass exams that are relevant for the higher positions Step 3: Try to get relevant experience Step 4: Apply for a senior position,Back,Talking point,Step1: Check the factsIs an employees age relevant to what they are paid? Is it possible that Martin is better qualified or that he h
46、as more training? Step 2: Check the legal position about this kind of situation Step 3: Talk to your employer to ask about the reasons for this difference Step 4: Change your job if there is no good reason,Back,Information related,Difficult sentences,Words to note,Language in use,Preview,Difficult s
47、entences,Any marked form can pick up extra meaning beyond what the marking is intended to denote. (Para 3) 2. Although no man wore make-up, you couldnt say a woman didnt wear make-up. (Para 7) 3. but also a possibly unintended one of availability lent meaning by the knowledge that they could have be
48、en. (Para 11) 4. I sometimes try to duck these variously marked choices by giving my title as “Dr.”- (Para 14) 5. A married woman who wants to have her cake and eat it too may use her surname plus his. (Para 16) 6. But this too announces that she is or has who needs to alphabetize it. (Para 16),clic
49、k,click,click,click,click,click,Difficult sentences,1. Any marked form can pick up extra meaning beyond what the marking is intended to denote. (Para 3),Paraphrase the sentence.,The linguistic marking can show some meaning for the marked form which is not shown by the unmarked form. However, any unmarked form can attract an extra meaning which is beyond the meaning shown by the marking.,
