1、American Presidential Election . Parites in the United States . Presidential Election 2012,.,Check your Voc.,Ballot Box ; Platform;政纲 stump speech竞选演说 Quadrennial 四年一度的; Campaigning Primaries 初选and Caucuses核心会议,决策委员会 presidential nomination （提名） referendum（公民投票）general vote/ popular vote electoral c
2、ollege vote （选举团投票） winner-takes-all; positive/negative Campaign a joint session of Congress 国会联席会议,. Parites in the United States,Two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. also several minor parties, usually called third parties, who have not won a presidential ele
3、ction since 1864. Minor Parties: IndependentLibertarianConstitutionGreen,The Two main Parties,The American Democratic PartyThe American Republican Party,1. Democratic Party Founded in 1792 by Thomas JeffersonHistorically, the party has favored farmers, laborers, labor unions, and religious and ethni
4、c minorities. In the 1930s, the party began advocating welfare spending programs targeted at the poor. “We the people”,Back,2. Republican PartyFounded in the 1854 by a group of Whigs辉格党, Free Soilers and Democrats. The name was chosen to show ties with Thomas Jeffersons Democratic-Republican Party (
5、which evolved into Democratic party under Andrew Jackson,7th president). The key issue at the time was opposition to the spread of slavery into the western territories . Lincoln（林肯），Eisenhower （艾森豪威尔)，Nixon（尼克松)，Bush “we the few”,Back,. Presidential Election 2012the 57th quadrennial Presidential Ele
6、ction. Democrat President Barack Obama with Vice President Joseph Biden defeated the Republican nominee, former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney, and his running mate, Representative Paul Ryan of Wisconsin.,The Steps to the White House,Declaring Candidacy Campaigning Primaries and Caucuses for nom
7、ination （初选与核心会议） Party conventions 政党大会 5. National Congress announcing presidential nomination （提名） 6. election campaign between the 2 parties 竞选活动 7. the election day大选日:general vote 8. the electoral college vote （选举团投票） 9. presidential inauguration（总统就职）,1. Declaring Candidacy：candidates announc
8、ing their plans,It marks the start of the official campaign. a lot of lectures, speeches, discussionsa vote will begin.,Mitt Romney, Rick Santorum, Newt Gingrich, and Ron Paul,The nomination competition is the first competition .At this time, candidates compete with other candidates of their party,
9、for getting the party nomination.video Candidates debate,2. Campaigning: candidates win support,debate,3. primaries and caucuses for Nomination:,To choose the candidate of the party for presidential election The winner is designated the presumptive(推定的)nominee until he or she is formally nominated.,
10、Republican Candidates who entered the race for the Republican presidential nomination (2012),Massachusetts Governors Mitt Romney,Rick Santorum former U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania,Ron Paul, U.S. Representative from Texas,Newt Gingrich, former U.S. Speaker of the House of Representatives from Georgi
11、a,On April 10, Santorum suspended his campaign due to a variety of reasons, such as a low delegate count, unfavorable polls in his home state of Pennsylvania, and his daughters health, leaving Mitt Romney as the undisputed front-runner for the presidential nomination and allowing Gingrich to claim t
12、hat he was “the last conservative standing“ in the campaign for the nomination. After disappointing results in the April 24 primaries, Gingrich dropped out on May 2 in a move that was seen as an effective end to the nomination contest. After Gingrichs spokesman announced his upcoming withdrawal, the
13、 Republican National Committee declared Romney the partys presumptive推定的 nominee. Ron Paul officially remained in the race, but he stopped campaigning on May 14 in order to focus on state conventions instead.,4). Party conventions(2012),a presidential nominating convention where it adopted its natio
14、nal platform政纲 and officially nominated its candidates for President and Vice President. The 2012 Republican National Convention was held in Tampa, Florida the week of August 27th. The 2012 Democratic National Convention took place in Charlotte, North Carolina from September 3 to 6.,Note： After the
15、presidential candidate is chosen, hes allowed to choose his running mate竞选伙伴 .After the convention, the whole party will help its candidate run the election all over the country.,丨,4)National Congress announced presidential nomination,A fierce competition will begin!,President Obama vs. Governor Rom
16、ney 2012,Candidates chosen now what?,The goal: score 270 /538 electoral votes!,270,FAQS Electors? The number of the Electoral College members in each state is equal to that of its senators and representatives in Congress (California?). There are now 538 presidential electors, 535 from 50 states, 3 f
17、rom Washington D.C. (The process for selecting electors varies throughout the United States. Generally, the political parties nominate electors at their State party conventions or by a vote of the partys central committee in each State.),4). Election Campaign,The election campaign is conducted from
18、September to November. The presidential candidates travel all over the country, trying to win support.The race features bombardment (轰炸) on mass media and whistle-stop tours (在小镇短暂停留的访问旅行). The candidates deliver countless speeches speeches (940)and shake countless hands with voters. 4 Debates,Debat
19、es: Four debates (2012),1. First presidential debate (on domestic policy) Wednesday, October 3; Magness Arena, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado Moderator: Jim Lehrer2. Vice presidential debate (domestic and foreign policy),Vice presidential debate,Second presidential debate(town hall format)4.
20、 Third presidential debate(foreign policy),5)The Election day ：general election,On the ist Tuesday after the ist Monday in November in an election year, voters cast ballots. The voters dont directly choose the president and vice president. They choose the electors 选举人团成员 on the day of the general el
21、ection（普选）.The electors will vote for the candidate of their own party.,Results of the popular votes 2012,6)The Electoral College Vote,Back,The presidential electors meet in their state capitals and cast their votes for President and Vice President on the 1st Mon. after the 2nd Wed. in Dec. （Cal. 55
22、， Alaska 3）winner-takes-all : The candidate with the most popular votes in a state wins all of the states electoral votes.,Barack H. Obama (D) (blue) Electoral 332/538 Mitt Romney (R) (red) Electoral 206/538,25,Party Voter base,2012 presidential election D. blue, R: Red,Official decision is confirme
23、d,On January 6, the electoral votes are formally counted in a joint session of the two Houses and the President of the Senate announces the final result.,If no candidate for president receives a majority the Lower House chooses the president from the top three candidates.If no vice-presidential cand
24、idate receives a majority Senate chooses from the top two.,8) Presidential Inauguration就职典礼,January 20, by holding the formal inauguration , the President takes office. He took the presidential declaration : “I solemnly swear: I will faithfully implement the duties of the President of the United Sta
25、tes of America and will do my best to uphold, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States of America. “Obamas Inauguration in 2013,Back,2012,补充 More on the topic: “Battleground States”,Also “swing states” States that are still “undecided” in who is likely to capture their electoral vote
26、s. Rather than waste time & money on sealing a larger margin of victory in “guaranteed” states, candidates tend to focus on winning these all-important regions.,Ex. 1. A person born in another country can run for president as long as he or she has been a US citizen for at least 2 years. A. True B. F
27、alse,2. What percentage of electoral college votes does a candidate need to win? A. 33% B. Over 50% C. 75% D. 100%,3.How many years does the term of the president last? A. 2 B. 1 C. 4 D. 6,4. How many terms of office can a president serve? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. No limit 5. Only the Republican party hold
28、s primary elections. 6.The President is not directly chosen by a nation-wide popular vote. The electoral vote totals determine who the president will be. 7 . If no candidate for president receives a majority in the electoral vote, the House of Representatives will choose the president.,Some excellent videos,Third Presidential debate (about China)First Lady Speech Relax-song,Homework: Swing Vote 关键投票,
