1、2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,1,Unit One Fighting with the forces of nature,The Icy Defender,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,2,Procedure,Introduction Maps Comparison and Contrast Discussion Detailed Study of the Text Main Idea of the text Homework,2018/10/16,Chinese Arm
2、ed Police Force Academy,3,Introduction,1. Historical Figures: Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) Joseph Stalin (1879-1953),2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,4,Introduction,2. Famous wars: World War IIA war (1939-1945) whose European operations took place between the
3、Axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) and the Allies (Britain, France and later the USSR and the USA). China and many other countries were also involved in the war, fighting against the aggression of Japan in Asia.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,5,Introduction,the Battle of Waterloo:
4、Final and decisive action of the Napoleonic Wars, that effectively ended French domination of the European continent and brought about drastic changes in the political boundaries and the power balance of Europe. Fought on June 18, 1815, near Waterloo, in what is now Belgium, the battle ranks as a gr
5、eat turning point in modern history.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,6,Introduction,Siege of Leningrad: Also known as the 900-Day Siege, blockade by German forces of the USSRs second largest city during World War II, from September 1941 to January 1944.,battlefield,2018/10/16,Chinese A
6、rmed Police Force Academy,7,Maps: Napoleons Russian Campaign, 1812,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,8,Maps: Hitlers Russian Campaign,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,9,Comparison and Contrast,invading country,country invaded,starter of war,starting time of invasion,strength
7、 of invading force,France,Russia,Napoleon,Spring, 1812,600,000,Germany,Soviet Union,Hitler,6/22/1941,the largest land campaign in history,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,10,Comparison and Contrast,prediction,initial resistance strategy,capture of the Russian capital,major battles,truce
8、 offer,quick victory, conquest of Russia in 5 weeks,refusing to stand and fight; retreating eastwards, burning crops and homes,yes,Smolensk, Borodino, the Berezina River,by Napoleon, rejected by the Czar,Blitzkrieg (“lightning war”), lasting no longer than 3 months,“scorch the earth”, fierce fight t
9、o defend major cities,no,Lenighrad, Stalingrad,no,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,11,Comparison and Contrast,biggest enemy for the invading force,turning point,fate of the invading force,war-starters fate,snow, freezing temperature,October 1812, when Napoleon ordered a retreat,only 100
10、,000 survived,Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end,Heavy rain, “General Mud”, snow, freezing temperature,1943, when the Soviet troops pushed the German forces back,Heavy losses,Hitler committed suicide, his empire collapsing,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,12,Di
11、scussion,Man or nature, which is more powerful?,?,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,13,Discussion,Translate the following Napoleons quotations and discuss his characters with your partner. The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “impossible”.凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说“不可能”的。 I succee
12、ded because I willed it; I never hesitated.我成功是因为我有决心，从不踌躇。 To really understand a man we must judge him in misfortune.要真正了解一个人，需在不幸中观察他。 He who fears being conquered is sure of defeat.怕吃败仗的人必然要打败仗。,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,14,Discussion,If you wage war, do it energetically and
13、with severity. This is the only way to make it shorter, and consequently less inhuman.如果打仗，就要毫不留情地全力去打。这是缩短战争的唯一方法，因而也可以减少战争的残酷。 There is a moment in every battle at which the least maneuver is decisive and gives superiority as one drop of water causes overflow.在每一场战争中，都有那么一刻，运用一点策略就是决定性的并带来优势，正如加一滴
14、水就可以促成溢流一般。,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,15,Detailed Study of the Text,in the case of: as far as is concernedThe rise in interest rate will be disastrous in the case of small firms.Formal training will take at least 3 years in the case of interior decoration. in case of: if there sh
15、ould happen to be 如果, 万一In case of rain they cant go.万一下雨，他们就不能去了。This is a number to call in case of emergency.这是万一发生意外打的号码。,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,16,stand / get / be in the way: prevent from doing sth.,Many teachers complain that they cant make any improvement in teaching m
16、ethods as the existing exam system is in the way. Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interest should never get in the way of her career. I dont think kids have as much fun as we used to. Fierce competition keeps getting in the way of their development.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force A
17、cademy,17,raw: cold and wet; not cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzed,The events took place on a raw February morning. 这块砧板是专门用来切生肉的。This cutting board is only used to cut raw meat. Industrial plants（工厂, 车间） processed the raw material into finished products for export and for domestic c
18、onsumption.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,18,But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow - the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.,Analyze the structure of the sentence. “That met him in Moscow” is an attributive clause modifying “the devastating enemy”. “
19、The raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter” is in apposition to “the devastating enemy”.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,19,launch: 1.start,这家电脑公司今年开始生产一种新产品。This computer company launches a new product this year. 2. send sth. on its course On October 4, 1957, Soviet scientists launched the
20、 worlds first artificial satellite. Beginning in the early 1960s, humans launched probes （探测器）to explore other planets.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,20,Collocation:,Launch an attack Launch a massive campaign Launch a company Launch threats at sb. Launch into Launch out,发动进攻 发动一场大规模的
21、运动 开一家公司 向某人发出威胁 （积极有力地）开始 （精力充沛或戏剧性地）开始,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,21,launch:,He launched into a long speech about the danger of taking drugs.他开始做关于吸毒危险性的长篇演说。 She wants to be more than a singer and is launching out into films.她不是仅仅想当一名歌手，而且正在积极涉足电影界。,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Pol
22、ice Force Academy,22,campaign: a series of military operations or planned activities with a particular aim,Hitlers advisers tried to persuade him to avoid the risks of a winter campaign in the Soviet Union and wait until spring. Some people complained that too much money had been spent on political
23、campaigns. The government is launching a massive campaign against corruption. 在我们城市开展的灭鼠运动开端良好。The campaign against rats in our city got off to a good start.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,23,Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson.,
24、What does this sentence imply?It implies that Hitlers Russian campaign still ended in failure.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,24,efficient: able to work well or producing a satisfactory result without wasting time or resources,Remote terminals in the home, connected to data banks, mak
25、e the home the most efficient place to work in many cases. To cut back on fossil fuels, we should build more efficient cars. 雇佣未受良好训练的工人效果是不会好的。 It is not efficient to hire poorly trained workers.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,25,conquest: conquering, defeat,1939年德国征服了波兰。The year 193
26、9 had witnessed the conquest of Poland by Germany. Hitler badly miscalculated when he assumed the conquest of the USSR would be simple.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,26,Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.,Whats the function of “conf
27、ident of a quick victory” in the sentence?It is an adjective phrase, which serves as an adverbial modifier (状语), indicating the cause. What can you infer from the sentence about Napoleons characters?He is self-confident, but too proud.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,27,decisive: produ
28、cing a definite result or conclusion; having or showing the ability to decide quickly,Most of the decisive land campaigns of World War I occurred on the continent of Europe. Lincoln took decisive measures to end slavery. The adoption of the euro is widely viewed as a decisive step toward a single Eu
29、ropean government.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,28,retreat: move back or withdraw when faced with danger or difficulty,After a fierce battle, the troops retreated southward. 我们采取如下策略：敌进我退，敌退我追。We adopted the following strategies: When the enemy advances, we retreat; when they retrea
30、t, we pursue. NB: retreat的反义词是advance e.g. advance against (on, to, toward)朝前进retreat from 从撤退retreat to 撤退到,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,29,be / get bogged down: be unable to make progress,Most of the tanks were bogged down because of mechanical defects and inexperienced crews. If
31、you let yourself get bogged down in homework, youll never find time to read books. The local government got bogged down in problems of how to handle the air pollution.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,30,The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-movi
32、ng supply lines.,1.What is the meaning of “became bogged down”?Become/be/get bogged down: be unable to make progress Most of the tanks were bogged down because of mechanical defects and inexperienced crews. The local government got bogged down in problems of how to handle the emission of hazardous c
33、hemicals by industrial facilities. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 大军紧追不舍，但它的长驱直入很快由于粮草运输缓慢而停顿下来。,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,31,engage: 1. begin fighting with sb,The commander (指挥官) ordered the soldiers to engage the enemy immediately. 他们与敌人交战。They engaged the enemy. 2. dr
34、aw into; involve We tried to engage him in our conversation, but in vain. I have no time to engage in gossip. 3. attract sbs interest We failed to engage any active support for our project. 他善良的性情吸引每个人。His good nature engages everyone.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,32,engage:,4. occu
35、py Studying engages most of a serious students time. 工作占去她很多时间。Work engages much of her time. Pattern: engage (sb.) in sth.: (cause to) take part in sth. They are currently engaged in lengthy trade negotiations. The teacher tried to engage the shy boy in conversation. Collocation: engage as 使聘为 enga
36、ge in 从事；使参加 engage with 与啮合,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,33,be faced with: have to deal with,The librarians were faced with the huge task of listing all the books. I am faced with the awful job of breaking the news to the boys family. We were faced with an exceptionally difficult s
37、ituation.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,34,crucial: very important,followed by to Surprisingly, our soccer team won the victory in the crucial final game. Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. 增强消费者信心是经济复苏的关键。Improved consumer confidence is crucial to econom
38、ic recovery.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,35,CF: crucial, critical & decisive 这三个词都是形容词，但有“紧要的，紧迫的，重要的”之意。,Crucial意为“决定性的”、“极重要的”，指对关键性事物不断增长的需求，紧急情况或危及转折关头。 We must pay attention to this crucial test.我们必须重视这次决定性的试验。 Critical意为“决定性的”，与crucial相似，但表示对缺乏程度更精确地估计。在转折关头时，比crucial表现出更大的严重
39、性。 The patients condition is critical.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,36,CF: crucial, critical & decisive 这三个词都是形容词，但有“紧要的，紧迫的，重要的”之意。,Decisive意思是“决定性的”、“果断地”，指有重要、特殊或决定性效果。 Our air forces were decisive in winning the war.我们的空军对打赢这场战争有决定性的贡献。,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Acad
40、emy,37,take a gamble: take a risk,The company took a gamble by cutting the price of their products, and it paid off (成功). I think shes taking a gamble investing all her money in stocks.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,38,press on / ahead: continue doing sth. in a determined way,(used i
41、n the pattern: press on / ahead (with sth.) Our school authorities are keen to press on with educational reform. Organizers of the strike are determined to press on. Despite fierce opposition, the government is pressing on with its campaign to eliminate corruption.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Fo
42、rce Academy,39,occupation: the seizure and control of a country or areas; (ones) trade, profession, or business,During the Japanese occupation of China, millions of innocent Chinese people were killed by Japanese soldiers. Many schools have struggled to meet the educational requirements of new techn
43、ology-based occupations.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,40,bide ones time: wait patiently for a chance,His political rivals are biding their time for an attack on his policies. He bided his time until Harvard University offered him a professorship.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Forc
44、e Academy,41,Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: “We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us.”,1.Paraphrase “offered a truce” and “bide his time”. “Offer a truce” means “offer an agreement to stop fighting”. “Bide his time” means “wait
45、 patiently for a chance”. 2.Why did the Russian czar say “We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us”? Because the Russian winter was raw, bitter, bleak and the Grand Armys supply lines moved slowly, the Russian czar was confident that they would defeat the Grand Army.,2018/10/16,Chinese A
46、rmed Police Force Academy,42,minus: below zero; made less by; slightly lower than the mark stated,Tomorrows temperature will be as low as minus ten degrees centigrade. The gross (总的) profit of an automobile manufacturer equals the value of its car scales minus the cost of making cars. I got B minus
47、in the final examination.我在期末考试中得了B减。 NB： 1.minus的反义词是plus（加上）。 3 plus 6 is 9. 2.minus 还可以作形容词，意为“负的；减去的”。 a minus quantity 负数 minus electricity 负电 3. minus 还可以作名词，意为“负号，减号；负数”。,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,43,drag on: move slowly and with effort; continue endlessly and tediously,Th
48、ese compensation cases have already dragged on for one year. 这个会还要拖多久？How much longer is the meeting going to drag on?,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,44,stroke: any of a series of repeated movements; blow,I saw a chance of solving all my problems at a stroke. He won a car in the lotte
49、ry last week. Thats his first stroke of good luck. By a stroke of good luck, Tom, who had been buried in the rubble (碎石) for more than 26 hours, came out alive.,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,45,At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river.,1. paraphrase the phrase “the swollen river”. The swollen river: the rising river 2. translate the sentence into Chinese. 在别列兹那河，俄国人焚烧了涨水的河道上的桥梁，差点将后撤的法军困于河边。,2018/10/16,Chinese Armed Police Force Academy,
