1、FOREIGH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY,Contents,Warming-up activities,Text study,Language application,Summary,Warming-up activities,Lead-in,Pre-reading activities,Cultural background,Discuss the following questions.,What are the key factors that help people lea
2、rn English as a foreign language?Do you have any problem in English learning?Do you think grammar is important in English learning?,Tips,Tips,Tips,1. What are the key factors that help people learn English as a foreign language?,Good course, excellent syllabus based on some principles; Highly develo
3、ped methodologies, teaching four primary skills of language acquisition; Put the four skills into a discourse; Analyze three different kinds of interactions.,2. Do you have any problem in English learning?, I always feel it difficult to Its not easy for me tounderstand what others say;remember so ma
4、ny words;learn the grammar;read quickly;speak in public,3. Do you think grammar is important in English learning?,Yes. The basic building blocks of a language; essential for effective communication; put the words in the right order; help to convey correct, meaningful message.,3. Do you think grammar
5、 is important in English learning?,No. as long as one can understand what other is saying; dynamic and no language is fixed; speak their native language without having studied its grammar.,What is Communicative Language Teaching?,A type of teaching method; Develop the communicative ability as well a
6、s the knowledge of grammar; Learning by doing; Make classroom situation of real foreign language environment.,2. What are the features of Communicative Language Teaching?,Communicative competence is the goal; An integration of grammatical and functional teaching; Accuracy is secondary to conveying a
7、 message; Focus on communicative and contextual factors in language use; Learner-centered and experience-based.,3. What is the role of teacher in Communicative Language Teaching?,A facilitator of students learning; A manager of classroom activities; An advisor of students questions; A co-communicato
8、r in the communicative activity.,Main idea & structure,Language focus,Critical thinking,Text study,In his sons eyes, the father is one who he has to obey and an oddity absorbed in grammar. (Para.1),He was shocked by his students inability to describe properly her excursion to Europe. (Paras. 2-4),Th
9、esis of the narration: It is unfair to blame students for their language deficiency. (Para.5),Introduction,Explains why students shouldnt be blamed for their language deficiency by providing two reasons and one example. (Paras. 6-10),Elaborates the importance of grammar and vocabulary in learning En
10、glish. (Paras. 11-13),Narrates another incident where his son unconsciously uttered a grammatically perfect sentence with a subjunctive mood, which made the author so proud of his son. (Paras. 14-17),如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长，那么我儿子也许是对的。,原句译文,逆译练习,If I am the only parent who still corrects his childs Engl
11、ish, then perhaps my son is right.,句型提炼,If sb./sth. do/is sth., then perhaps ,句型提炼,应用提示,用于表达“在特定条件下可能发生的事情”。,句型应用,(make up your mind/a golden chance ),典型例句,如果你仍然无法下定决心，那么你也许会失去提高自己的绝佳机会。,意群提示,If you still cannot make up your mind, then perhaps you will lose a golden chance of improving yourself.,感到有
12、责任做某事,(to feel obliged to do/to provide . for . ),Parents feel obliged to provide the best they can for children.,to be/feel obliged to do sth.,短语逆译,短语应用,父母觉得有责任尽其所能给孩子提供最好的。,意群提示,对某事认真,(to get serious about/to curb/corruption),Its time to get serious about curbing political corruption.,to be / get
13、serious about,短语逆译,短语应用,应该严肃认真地大力惩治政治腐败。,意群提示,刚从来；刚有经历,(principals/fresh from/to deal with),School principals should not expect teachers, fresh from college, to deal with a large group of difficult children.,fresh from,短语逆译,短语应用,学校的校长不应指望刚从大学毕业的老师来应付一大群难以对付的孩子。,意群提示,解释得通；有道理,(to talk much/to make se
14、nse),She doesnt talk much, but what she says makes sense.,to make sense,短语逆译,短语应用,她讲话不多，但言之有理。,意群提示,迫使某人做某事；迫使某人接受某事,to be indifferent to / to thrust .on.,He was indifferent to the criticism that was thrust on him.,to thrust sth. upon / on sb,短语逆译,短语应用,对于强加给他的指责，他从未放在心上。,意群提示,学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通，可他们
15、并没把语言的基本框架准确的语法和恰当的词汇充分地传授给学生。,原句译文,逆译练习,Schools fail to adequately teach the essential framework of language, accurate grammar and proper vocabulary, while they should take the responsibility of pushing the young onto the path of competent communication.,句型提炼,sb. fail to do , while sb. should do ,句
16、型提炼,应用提示,用于表达“实际情况与预期的反差”。,句型应用,(to make prompt response to/take the responsibility of/to ensure),典型例句,政府有责任保障公民安全，可它并未采取强有力的措施对抗持续增长犯罪。,意群提示,The government failed to make prompt response to increasing crimes, while they should take the responsibility of ensuring its citizens safety.,调整，调好,(to keep.
17、safe/to urge/mechanics/to make sure/to tune up),In order to keep drivers safe, mechanics are urged to make sure that car engines are properly tuned up.,to tune up,短语逆译,短语应用,为了确保司机的安全，一定要敦促机械师确保汽车发动机已调整好。,意群提示,路线图会把你带到目的地，而一台好车却能让你完全陶醉于旅途的所有景色、声音及经历之中。,原句译文,逆译练习,While the road map guides your journey
18、 to your destination, an excellent vehicle helps you to fully enjoy all of the sights, sounds and experiences along the way.,句型提炼,While sth. / sb. is / does, sth. / sb. else is / does,句型提炼,应用提示,用于表达“人与人或事与事之间的反差”。,句型应用,(to keep students minds open to sth./to be full of),典型例句,鼓励使学生乐于接受新知识，惩罚则使学生充满挫败感
19、。,意群提示,While encouragement will always keep students minds open to new knowledge, punishment may make students full of frustration.,洋洋得意 /怒气冲冲,(graduate from university / swell with pride),Her heart swelled with pride as she stood watching her daughter graduate from university.,短语逆译,短语应用,当她站在那儿看到她女儿
20、大学毕业时，内心充满了骄傲。,意群提示,to swellwith pride/anger,be/feel obliged to do sth.,be absorbed in,be allergic to sth.,fresh from,full of earnest anticipation,bear the bulk of the criticism,not make any sense,language deficit,get lost,search the heavens for,out of curiosity,within the span of a 10-minute drive,
21、English language proficiency,learn from scratch,with a long sigh,swell with pride,set high standards of,a valuable possession,the two essential assets,become attracted to sth.,If sb./sth. do/is sth., then perhaps ,Sb. fail to do sth, while sb. should do sthS,While sth. / sb. is / does, sth. / sb. el
22、se is / does,motivation family support peer pressure financial status future career goals,What are the most important factors that encourage students to learn English?,2. In what ways can teachers improve the technique of teaching grammar?,use more communicative ways encourage a lot of interactions
23、put sentences in meaningful contexts,read a lot from online sources watch TV / listen to radio / watch English online videos talk often with English speakers listen carefully and extensively use dictionaries to look up unfamiliar words use new words as often as possible,3. How can students more effe
24、ctively enlarge their vocabulary?,Both quotes illustrate the essential qualities of an excellent teacher.,The first quote is an old Chinese saying which shows the significance of guiding the student to find the way to learn by himself, because give a man fish and he can eat for a day; but if you tea
25、ch him how to fish, hell eat for a lifetime.,How do you understand the following quotes: “授人以鱼，不如授之以渔”and “The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires.”?,How do you understand the following quotes: “授人以鱼，不如授之以渔”and “The mediocr
26、e teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires.”?,Both quotes illustrate the essential qualities of an excellent teacher.,According to William Arthur Ward, an American famous writer and scholar, the best teacher should make students think, s
27、uggest rather than dogmatize (独断), and inspire students to bring out their potentials.,Language application,Writing devices,Oral reproduction,Paragraph translation,Introduction: Simile is a figure of speech that compares two different things and the comparison is indicated by the word as or like. Ex
28、amples: Learning grammar and a good vocabulary is just like driving with a road map in a well-conditioned car. A poem,to be continued,Writing devices,Figurative language: simile,to be continued,My Love Is Like A Red Red Rose 我的爱人像朵红红的玫瑰-Robert Burns 罗伯特彭斯,O, my Loves like a red, red rose 啊，我的爱人像朵红红的
29、玫瑰 Thats newly sprung in June. 六月里迎风初开 O, my Loves like the melodie. 啊，我的爱人像支甜甜的曲子 Thats sweetly played in tune. 奏得合拍又和谐,Writing devices,Figurative language: simile,to be continued,My Love Is Like A Red Red Rose 我的爱人像朵红红的玫瑰-Robert Burns 罗伯特彭斯,As fair art thou, my bonnie lass, 我的好姑娘，多么美丽的人儿 So deep i
30、n love am I; 请看我，多么深挚的爱情 And I will love thee still, my dear, 亲爱的，我永远爱你 Till all the seas gone dry. 纵使大海干涸水流尽,Writing devices,Figurative language: simile,to be continued,My Love Is Like A Red Red Rose 我的爱人像朵红红的玫瑰-Robert Burns 罗伯特彭斯,Till all the seas gang dry, my dear, 纵使大海干涸水流尽 And the rocks melt wi
31、th the sun; 太阳将岩石烧作灰尘 I will love thee still, my dear, 亲爱的，我永远爱你 While the sands of life shall run. 只要我一息犹存,Writing devices,Figurative language: simile,My Love Is Like A Red Red Rose 我的爱人像朵红红的玫瑰-Robert Burns 罗伯特彭斯,And fare thee well, my only love 珍重吧，我唯一的爱人 And fare thee well, a while! 珍重吧，让我们暂时别离 A
32、nd I will come again, my love, 但我定要回来 Though it were ten thousand mile. 哪怕千里万里！,Writing devices,Figurative language: simile,a. 生活像一具大秋千(swing)，总在开心和忧愁间摇摆(dangle)。Life is like a big swing, dangling between the depths of happiness and sadness.,to be continued,Practice,Writing devices,Figurative langua
33、ge: simile,b. 生活没有目标犹如航行没有指南针(compass)。Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.,to be continued,Practice,Writing devices,Figurative language: simile,c. 婚姻就像一座城堡(beleaguered fortress)，外面的人想进去，里面的人想出来。Marriage is like a beleaguered fortress: those who are without want to get in, and th
34、ose within want to get out.,Practice,Writing devices,Figurative language: simile,An essay normally has three main parts: Introduction, body and conclusion.,How to write a college essay:,Introduction: The introduction part is usually one short paragraph that introduces the topic to be discussed and t
35、he thesis statement. A thesis statement can be an opinion, an attitude or a stand about the topic.,to be continued,How to write a college essay:,Body: The body is the main part of an essay. It may contain several short paragraphs that use the development methods of examples, narrative, cause and eff
36、ect, comparison and contrast, classification, argumentation, etc.,to be continued,How to write a college essay：,Conclusion: The conclusion wraps up the discussion of a certain topic. It can briefly summarize the main points discussed and can also restate the thesis statement by using different words
37、 and structures. At the end of the conclusion, the writers final thoughts on the topic may be added such as a predication, a suggestion, or a warning.,How to write a college essay：,Read the sample essay and see how it develops.,Topic: Grammar English learning Introduction: Thesis statement: Now I th
38、ink it is really fun to learn English grammar.,to be continued,Body:Example 1: Adding a comma could show an entire difference in meaning.Example 2: A grammar mistake could make a world of difference in meaning.,to be continued,Conclusion: English grammar is truly a mysterious world of art.,to be con
39、tinued,Sample: During my middle school years, I was very allergic to English grammar. However, the two incidents I experienced later changed my view about learning English. Now I think it is really fun to learn English grammar.,to be continued,Sample: It occurred while I was absorbed in the mysterio
40、us world of the iPhone. My English teacher wrote two sentences on the blackboard: 1) The king would wear no clothes which make him appear differently from others; 2) The king would wear no clothes, which makes him appear differently from others. Glancing at the two sentences, I thought the teacher m
41、ust have made a mistake because these two sentences were the same. Suddenly, the class burst into a loud laughter. Only then did I realize that adding a comma could show a big difference in meaning.,to be continued,Sample: Afterward, something interesting happened to me again. At the beginning of my
42、 English class one day, the teacher returned our homework assignment. To my surprise, my teacher had crossed out -ly in the sentence “I studied English hardly.” “Isnt hardly an adverb?” I asked myself. Later, of course, I figured out what was wrong: an over-generalization! I was assuming every adjec
43、tive added with -ly still maintains the meaning of that adjective. Not till then did I find out that hardly actually means “almost not”, so what I wrote made a world of difference from what I wanted to say.,to be continued,Sample: In conclusion, what I experienced enables me to understand English gr
44、ammar is truly a mysterious world of art. How fun it is to learn English grammar!,Writing practice,Directions: Write an essay of no less than 150 words on one of the following topics. One topic has an outline you can follow.,Topic: Grammar, a headache to me Introduction: Thesis statement: English Gr
45、ammar is a big headache to me. Body: Example: The difference between used to and be used to Conclusion: Im allergic to learning English grammar.,More topics: Learning English through imitation / repetition Learning English with / without grammar,Suppose you are expected to share your experience of E
46、nglish learning with your classmates.,Make a speech on the following topic.,You can follow the outline given below.,Part I. My general feeling about learning English 1. Difficult and frustrating; 2. Rewarding and well worth the effort,To be continued,You can follow the outline given below.,Part II.
47、The difficulties and how I overcome them Listening and speaking Writing Grammar and vocabulary Part III. Benefits from English learning New sights into another culture New ways of seeing things Communication with people from different nations,To be continued,You may adopt the following expressions.,
48、be/feel obliged to do sth. be absorbed in be allergic to sth. full of earnest anticipation bear the bulk of the criticism not make any sense language deficit,To be continued,You may adopt the following expressions.,get lost become attracted to out of curiosity learn from scratch with a long sigh swe
49、ll with pride,Translate a paragraph based on a summary of the text by using the expressions from the text.,Paragraph translation,尽管很多学生反感英语，经常对英语学习感到迷茫，他们仍然觉得必须学好英语。那么老师如何使学生的英语学习之旅变得愉快呢？有效、准确且有益的沟通技能取决于语法和词汇。,to be allergic to,to get lost,to feel obliged to do,To be continued,Paragraph translation,因此，对于那些缺乏语言功底，需要从头学起的学生来说，教授语言的基本框架，准确的语法和恰当的词汇是非常有道理的。学好语法和掌握大量的词汇就好比拿着路线图在车况良好的车里驾驶。,language deficit,to learn from scratch,to make sense,well-conditioned,
