1、语法课堂,上一页,现在完成时,下一页,主菜单,现在完成时,主菜单,上一页,下一页,现在完成时的构成,现在完成时的主要用法,现在完成时的时间状语,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,have been 与have gone 比较,与一般过去时的用法比较,现在完成时的构成,主菜单,上一页,下一页,助动词have (has）+ 过去分词,过去分词的构成,上一页,下一页,ABB,AAA,ABC,主菜单,现在完成时的主要用法,一.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情现在已经结束,强调动作的结果和影响。,上一页,下一页,Someone has just turned off the li
2、ght. (有人刚把灯关了。),I have already finished my homework. (我已经完成了家庭作业。),主菜单,二.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延 续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情可能仍在继续。,上一页,下一页,I want to see how much the place changed since I saw it last.我想看看从上 次见到那地方以来它发生了多大变化。,I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。,现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,三.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有
3、过的经历.,上一页,下一页,Have you ever been to the Summer Palace? (你曾去过颐和园吗?),I have never had a car.(我从未有过汽车。),现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,四.现在完成时还常与句型 This is the first time，Its the first time 连用。,上一页,下一页,This is the first time he has driven a car . 这是他第一次开车。,现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,五.现在完成时和最高级连用表示到现在为止是最的。,上一页,下一页,What a boring
4、film！ 一部多么令人厌烦的电影啊！,Its the most boring film Ive ever seen.这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。,现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,现在完成时的时间状语,常与不确定的时间状语连用，如:already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作. 还可以和包括现在在内(到说话时仍未结束)的,表示一段时间的状语连用，如:now, today, this morning (afternoon, evening, w
5、eek, month, year), these days, since, for a long time等.,上一页,下一页,主菜单,一、since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. （1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。） Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. （他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。）,上一页,下一页,主菜单,二、for短语表示动作延续多长时 间，for的宾语为时间段。 We h
6、ave known each other for twenty years. （我们认识有二十年了。）I havent seen her for a long time. （我好久没有见到她了。）,上一页,下一页,主菜单,三、just, lately, recently是完成时的时间状语，just now 有a moment ago 之意，是一般过去时的时间状语。 The train has just arrived. （火车刚到。） Did you see Joan just now? （你刚才看到琼了吗？） Have you heard from your family lately/re
7、cently? （你最近收到家人的来信了吗？）,上一页,下一页,主菜单,四、in the past few years 意思是“过去几年来”，可作现在完成时的时间状语；in the past意思是“在过去”，常作一般过去时的时间状语。 Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years. （过去几年来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。） Where did you work in the past? （你过去在哪里工作？）,上一页,下一页,主菜单,五、even since then与from then on (aft
8、er that)都有“打那以后”之意，前者是完成时的时间状语，后者常用作一般过去时的时间状语。 Shes lived here ever since then. （打那以后，她一直住在这。） I didnt hear of Jim from then on/after that. （打那以后，我就没有吉姆的消息。）,上一页,下一页,主菜单, 六、before泛指“以前”时，可用于现在完成时中；ago表示“现在的一段时间以前”，是一般过去时的时间状语。 Ive never been to Japan before. （我以前没去过日本。） She went to Japan a year ago
9、. （她一年前去了日本。）,上一页,下一页,主菜单,七、ever和never也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。前者意思是“曾经”，多见于疑问句或否定句中；后者意思是“从来没有”，表示全部否定。 “Have you ever seen the film?” “No. I have never seen it.” （“你曾经看过这部影片吗？” “没有， 从来没看过。”） Nobody in our class has ever been there. （我们班没有人去过那。）,上一页,下一页,主菜单,八、already和yet常见于现在完成时中，有“已经”之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，后者用在疑问句中。
10、yet在否定句中有“还”之意。 “Has the bus left yet”? “Yes. It has already left.” (“No. It hasnt left yet.)“汽车开走了吗？” “是的，已经开走了。” “不，还没有开走。 ”,上一页,下一页,主菜单,九、so far(到目前为止)， these days(这些天) 也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon. （到目前为止， 还没有人到月球以外旅行。）What have you done these days? （这些天来，你做了
11、什么事？）,上一页,下一页,主菜单,十、now, today, this morning, this year等有时可以用现在完成时中， 以表示到说话时这一时间尚未结束。I have learned how to swim now. （我现在终于学会了怎样游泳。）Have you seen Han Meimei this morning? （你今天上午看到韩梅梅了吗？）,上一页,下一页,主菜单,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish
12、, get to know, go, join, leave, marry 等。,上一页,下一页,为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等或短语“be+名词（形容词、位置副词、介词短语）”来 代替短暂性动词。,主菜单,become be, beginhave , borrow keep, buy have, come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in，diebe dead, fall asleep (ill) be asleep (ill), finish be over, get to knowknow, joinbe in （be
13、a member of ）, leavebe away(from), marrybe married等；,下一页,上一页,主菜单,也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型“It is since从句（从句中用一般过去时）”或用“一般过去时+ ago”这一结构来表述延续性的动作或状 态。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,他入党五年了。 He has been in the Party for five years. He has been a Party member for five years. It is five years since he joined the Party. He joined the
14、 Party five years ago . 电影开始五分钟了。 The film has been on for five minutes. It is five minutes since the film began The film began five minutes ago.,下一页,上一页,主菜单,但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。 如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。,上一页,下一页,主菜单, 翻 译 练 习：
15、1.我买了这块手表五年了。2.这位老人已经死了十年了。,I have bought this watch for five years.I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.,The old man has died for ten years.The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,3.他已经回来三天了。4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.我离开家乡已十年了。,He has come back for 3 days
16、.He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.,He has come here since 6 oclock.He has been here since 6 oclock.,I have left hometown for 10 years.I have been away from hometown for 10 years.,W,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,have been 与have gone 的用法比较,have been to a place 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to
17、意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去过南京吗？You have never been there, have you? 你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year. 我去过桂林，我去年去的。She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,与一般过去时的用法比较,一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在
18、保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只表示发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。,上一页,下一页, 第一句用现在完成时时态，意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典” 。,第
19、二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。,主菜单,二当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时:,上一页,下一页,eg: I saw the film on television yesterday .,但since(自以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。,eg： They have known each other since 1950 .,Since he was a child,he has lived in England.,主菜单,三常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语:,上
20、一页,下一页,yesterday(昨天),the other day (前两天),just now(刚才)，时间+ ago, last +时间 等;,eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago.,We finished our task last week .,主菜单,四常与现在完成时连用的表示到现在为止这段时间的词短语或从句:,上一页,下一页,so far (到现在为止)，hither to (到如今) up to (till,until)now直到现在，lately（最近）yet ,since+过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句。,eg：The weather
21、has been hot so farthis summer .,I havent seen her yet .,主菜单,可与现在完成时连用，也可与一般过去时连用的时间状语： for +时间 ，this +时间,表示不确定时间： ever,never,before, just,recently,already,上一页,下一页,主菜单,上一页,下一页,eg: 1. I have learnt English for three years.,2. I learnt English for three years.,3. I have written two letters this mornin
22、g .,4. I wrote two letters this morning .,主菜单,上一页,现在完成时练习,主菜单,动 词 填 空：1._ you _(clean) the room?Yes, we _(do) that already.When _ you _(do) it?We _(do) it an hour ago. 2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes.When _ he _(see) it?He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there?,Have,cleaned,have done,di
23、d,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting. 5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.How _ she _(go) there?She _(go) there by air. 6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs. 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year. 8.Mr chen _(giv
24、e) up smoking since last year.,have read,has gone,did,go,went,have developed,gave,has given,下一页,上一页,主菜单,选用 for和 since填空: 1.We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5
25、.His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time.,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一页,上一页,主菜单,用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空,Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year. Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop. _ you ever _ to kunming ? Never. Wh
26、ere _ you _ these days? Has Jim arrived yet?Yes, he _ here for several days. Where is Peter? I dont know where he _. Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.,have been in,has gone to,have been,Have been,has been,has gone,have been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,改 错 1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August. 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business. 5. He has gone out for two years.,studied,kept,been,gone,been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,Thank you ! Good bye!,
