1、构词法 在语法填空中的应用,语法填空的考查范围： 1 语境(上下文）； 2 语法：动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。,英语构词法主要有三种方法。 派生（Derivation） 合成（Compound） 转换（Conversion）,三种构词法:1.派生(Derivation):2.合成(Compounding):3.转化(Conversion),通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:eg. happy- unhappy ( 加前缀)happy- happiness ( 加后缀),由两个或更多的词合
2、成一个词eg. wood( 木)+ cut( 刻)-woodcut( 木刻),由一个词类转化为另一个词类:eg. water ( n.)水 - water ( v.)浇水,三个词语的含义： 词根： 词缀： 词类：,构成词义的最小单位，不可再分。,前缀；后缀,十大词类,派生法,派生法（也称词缀法），即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀，构成另一个单词的构词法，添加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀，它一般不改变原词的词性，只改变其词义。添加在词根后面的构成部分叫后缀，它改变了原词的词性，有时可改变其词义。,(否定),(不),(不),（不）,(误),(非),(不,非),（不),（不）,过度,相互,再，又,使,形容词
3、后缀:,- al ; an ; ern; -ble ; ish ; ive; y; -ful ; - less 表示具有的性质, 或与有关e.g. practical , American, southern , possible, foolish, native, rainy, careless，careful,动词后缀: -fy (使化) ; -ize (使成为) ; en(使）e.g. satisfy , beautify; realize , symbolize, deepen, lengthen,副词后缀:- ly 表示方式,程度 : freely ，happily -ward (s
4、) 表示方向 : westwards,数词后缀: - teen 十 fourteen -ty整十位数 forty -th序数词 fifth,Practice,1 Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my (appreciate) I decided to get her a present. (广州一模) 2. (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just10 minutes to complete the rest. (广州二模) 3. Some people were
5、now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit_ (patience). （深一模） 4. “Thirty-five cents,” she said (rude). （深一模）,appreciation,Fortunately,impatient,rudely,一. 用所给单词的正确形式填空,5. I must know how to care for others and try not to (understand) them. (惠州一模) 6. you have done well and made great achi
6、evement in the (entertain) field. (惠一模) 7. These people have made great _ (contribute) to China with their work.（茂名二模） 8The storm damaged several_ (new) built buildings,(梅州二模),misunderstand,entertainment,contributions,newly,9Numerous studies have shown that free play is very (benefit). It can help c
7、hildren become creative(四校联考) 10. they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention the latest _ (excite) football match. （东莞一模）,beneficial,exciting,Sum up:,给出动词排除掉填谓语动词及非谓语动词外，考虑其否定词（dis- /mis），名词（-ment/ ation /-er等表身份人物的后缀），形容词（-able /-ed /-ing ) 给出名词形容词（ 常考cet，天气类常加-y，或者考
8、-ful/-less等） 给出形容词比较级，最高级，副词（修饰adj / verb / sentence），名词（情感类常加-ness） 两个en含有使动用法: en - （enrich) -en (widen) 注意，有时填名词时还得注意单复数，动词，名词，形容词时都有可能会考否定形式，一定要根据语境来判断。,二、语篇填空 使用括号中词语的正确形式填空（以考查词语派生为主）。The Raconteurs (虎烂乐队)make music that lives up to the bands name. The word “raconteur” describes a person who i
9、s 1 _ (skill) at telling stories. The band members describe 2 _ (them) as a new band made up of old friends. All the band members have founded music careers by doing other projects. But they decided to come together as a band to try something 3_ (difference).,skillful,themselves,different,The lead 4
10、 _ (sing) of the Raconteurs may sound familiar. Jack White is also a member of the band 5 _ (call) the White Stripes（白色条纹乐队）. The Raconteurs also include the songwriter and guitarist Brendan Benson. These 6 _ (music) had performed together over the years. But in 2005, they decided to play together 7
11、 _ (official) as the Raconteurs.,singer,called,musicians,officially,The Raconteurs 8 _ (late) album is called “Consolers of the Lonely.” The band released the album in an 9 _ (usually) way. They 10_ (announce) their new album only a week before it went on sale to avoid the usual publicity created by critics(评论家).,latest,unusual,announced,注意,1.在做语法填空时，一定要善于根据上下文分析句子结构，句子成分，平时要多积累相关的单词，熟悉其词性，并利用好构词法等技巧。 2.最后，要检查一遍，大小写问题，单复数问题，字母是否缺漏，单词是否要双写（e.g. runner）不断地通过分析句子来检验自己的答案。,
