1、The Attributive Clause,(定语从句),Which baby is Jack?,穿 红 裤 子 的 baby 是 Jack.。 The baby is Jack. His pants are red.,=The baby is Jack. The baby is Jack. He is wearing red pants.,The baby is Jack.,whose pants are red,who is wearing red pants,Jack,The woman who lives next dooris a teacher.,1. The woman is
2、a teacher. 2. The woman lives next door.,Which woman is a teacher?,My house,一、定语从句的定义：用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰 的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。定语从句一般是由关系代词或关系副词来引导的。相当于名词和形容词的作用。,e.g.1. Do you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning? 2. He is such a man who never tells a lie.3. This is the best
3、 film that I have ever seen. This is the best film that I have ever seen.,二、关系代词和关系副词的作用： 1、引导作用 2、替代作用 3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用 e.g. 1.Those who want to go please sign your names (签名）here.2.This is the house where he was born.3. Bill, who was here yesterday, asked me a lot of questions.,先行词和关系词的关系,A plane
4、 is a machine that can fly.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.The boy whose parents are dead was brought upby his grandfather.（这个母亲去世的男孩是由父亲 养大的）关系词whose实际是先行词的所有格 The school where I study is far from my home.,the machine = that,the boy =who,the boys =whose,in the school = where=in which,关系代
5、词实际上是先行词的复指,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,关系代词:,1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）,The man who I talked with is our teacher.,A person who steals things is called a thief.,2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省),The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.,The man to whom I talked is Professor Li.,3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省
6、),These are the trees which were plantedlast year.,This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.,Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?,Is this the library from which you borrow books?, that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）,A plane is a machine. It can fly.,A plane is a machine that can fly.,H
7、e is the man. I told you about him.,He is the man (that) I told you about.总结：引导人用who, whom(即who的宾语）, that, 引导物用that, which。, that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。,I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.,I prefer not to eat too much food that is fried.not mine isre not mine,T
8、his is the first book (that) he has read. It is the best picture (that) I have seen.,This is the very book that belongs to him.,(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,anything, 等不定代词时。,(2)先行词被 every, no, some, any, little,few, much等修饰时。,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, th
9、e last修饰时。,当先行词是既有指人、又有指物的名词时The boy and his dog that you are talking about are lost.(你正在谈论的这个男孩和他的狗都失踪了。）,只能用 that 做关系代词的情况,在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中:Who is the man that is reading over there?,只能用 that 做关系代词的情况,在非限制性定语从句中: Mom came back, which made us happy .,只能用which 做关系代词的情况,在介词后面This is the house
10、 of which the window is broken.,只能用which 做关系代词的情况,(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.,The scientist we met yesterday is very famous who in the world.whomthat,(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.,The dress that she is wearing is new.which,(3) He is the kind person
11、. I have ever worked with him.,(4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.,He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.whowhom ,This is the best film that I have ever seen.,定语从句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句和非限制性定
12、语从句：,My sister, who is twenty, works in a bank.（非限制性定语从句）,The man who came here yesterday has come again.(限制性定语从句）,限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从 句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。,非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先 行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。 这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。,The town where I live is beautiful. Kenli, where I
13、 live, is beautiful.,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.,Please compare:（请比较）,插入成分,修饰限定,补充解释,能,不能,.的,能否省略,非限制性定语从句和单句的比较,2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.,4.He has tw
14、o sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.,This,which,whom,them, that,1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.,which,介词+关系代词的情况 1,The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况 2,The man who/whom you spoke wa
15、s a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/
16、which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,总结：介词之后要用whom, which，如：to whom, with whom, for whom, in which, 等，介词后不能用 who, that。逗号后要用who 引导人，用which引导物，即，后不能用that.,介词+关系代词的情况 4,Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better .,在固定短语中介词不能提前,
17、下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,1.He did all / everything _ he could to help me. 2.This is the very thing _ I am after. 3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school. 4.He is the only man _ can do the work. 5.This is the first thing _ I want to say. 6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked wit
18、h. 7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate. 8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.,把 that , which 或 who 填入下列空白处,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,把that , which ,whose, whom or who 填入空格,9.Is there anything else _ you want to say? 10.Any person _ has the money can join the group. 11.
19、He often speaks the role he played in the play, _ made others upset. 12.He opened the door, in front of _ sat a boy. 13.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist. 14.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.,that,that,which,which,whom,whose,Summary(总结）：关系代词that 用法口诀：,The only, the very
20、, the same, no, any 两项并列人与物， 不定、序数、最高级要用which别着急，介词提前逗隔离。,1.have a great time:玩得很开心,2.have to:必须，不得不,3.I have to be honest and say:我得坦诚的说,4.Its a great place to visit:它是一个值得观光的地方,5.be lucky to do sth.:很幸运的做某事,6.Theres just so much to see and do here.在这里有许多可看可做的事,7.quiet, traditional music:平静传统的音乐,8.
21、suit:适合，作动词，可指衣服颜色，款式“合适”。还可指时间，食 物等合适。,那种颜色不适合她。,That color doesnt suit her.,那首歌不适合她的嗓子,That song doesnt suit her voice.Suit sb.(fine)：合某人的意；对某人合适,9.go for:出外做某事,10.what to try next: what to do,11.my host family:我的房东,13.Im not sure what to expect:我不知道该期望什么,14.some others:一些，另一些,12.an Indian film fe
22、stival:印度电影节,1.How important:多重要,How important is keeping healthy to you ? 保持健康对你来说有多重要？,2.get together:聚在一起,A group of young people got together to discuss this question.一群年青人聚在一起讨论这个问题。,3.to be honest:说实话,4.taste good:好吃,5.be bad for:对有害,6.taste better than:比更好吃,7.French fries:炸薯条,8.Take care of my health:关心我的健康,9.stay away from: be away from 与保持距离,10.be in agreement:意见一致,11.in laboratory testing: 在实验室的实验中,12.cause cancer:致癌,14.burnt barbecued meat: 烧烤肉,15.increase the risk of cancer:增加致癌的危险,16.even if:即使,17.a little burnt:有点儿焦,18.eat a balanced diet:吃均衡饮食,19.have a good balance:保持良好的平衡,
