1、Some Women Novelists,Chapter 4,Among the distinguished English novelists of the 19th century are several women. Women novelists began to appear in England during the second half of the 18th century. But some gifted women of the 19th century made such contributions t the development of the English no
2、vel that they have justifiably won their places in the front ranks of the brilliant realists headed by Dickens and Thackeray.,Women Novelists in the 19th Century,The Bronte Sisters,Mrs. Gaskell,George Eliot,Jane Austen(17751817),English novelist. She was born in a rural town named Steve Burton . The
3、re are six brothers and one sister in her family. Austin did not go to regular school, but gained good family education. The main learning material is her fathers literary books.,Clip: Becoming Jane,1811 Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感 1813 Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见 1814 Mansfield Park 曼斯菲尔德庄园 1815 Emma
4、 爱玛 1818 Northanger Abbey 诺桑觉寺 1818 Persuasion 劝导,傲慢与偏见是简奥斯丁的代表作，是她自己最喜爱也最受读者喜爱的作品，被英国小说家毛姆称为世界十大小说之一。这部小说原名初次印象(First Impressions)，于1797年以书信体形式写成，1809年奥斯丁进行了彻底改写，于1813年发表。这部小说以男女主人公达西和伊丽莎白由于傲慢和偏见而产生的爱情纠葛为线索，共写了四起姻缘，小说情节曲折，富有戏剧性，语言清新流畅，充满机智。,1813 Pride and Prejudice,小说叙述了班纳特家的五个女儿在母亲用心良苦的安排下，整日期待与富有
5、而地位显赫的贵族联姻。大姐吉英与新邻居彬格莱先生一见钟情；而二姐伊莉莎白则对彬格莱身边的达西先生深感厌恶。后来，彬格莱不辞而别，加上威科汉姆一旁的诬陷，使伊莉莎白的偏见日益加深。几经捉弄，她与达西重逢。达西向伊莉莎白求婚遭拒，使他的傲慢受到重挫，不得不写信告之真相。伊莉莎白因而明白威科汉姆实际上是个伪君子，且以自己最初的偏见为耻。丽迪雅被威科汉姆诱拐私奔，达西不顾身份地奔走帮忙、使伊莉莎白渐生爱情。最后，由于达西的帮助，彬格莱也回到吉英身边。到此，一对曾因傲慢和偏见而耽搁婚事的有情人终成眷属。,1813 Pride and Prejudice,Writing features,Austens
6、works focuses on the human nature and petty details of everyday living. She is much gifted in character portrayal, especially in drawing young girls. Her novels are filled with witty and humorous conversations. In her novels, one can find the rationalism of neoclassicism, the vitality of romanticism
7、, and the truthfully detailed description of realism.,Evaluation,Jane Austen is one of the greatest and best loved novelist in English literature and one of the most important pioneers in the English realistic novel. Austen is the first to bring to light what is to be one of the principal themes of
8、the later 19th century novel, the predicament of the individual, particularly of the women, who require personal fulfillment in society and find that the society makes it difficult to realize the desire.,Charlotte Bronte,Emily Bronte,Anne Bronte,The Bronte Sisters,在英国文学史上，勃朗特三姐妹是一个奇特的现象。她们既作为璀璨的星座而闪
9、耀，又作为单独的巨星而发光 。朗特姐妹生长在一个穷牧师家庭，她们的母亲在孩子们还很年幼时患肺癌去世，这使全家陷入了不幸。她们的父亲亲自教她们读书，指导她们看书读报，这些都给了她们很大的影响。 为了生活，勃朗特姐妹先后离家出外当家庭教师，屈辱的生活激起了她们强烈的愤怒之情。在艰若、闭塞的生活中，勃朗特姐妹经常利用晚上的一点余暇积极地写作，作为对一天枯燥乏味的辛劳工作的一种解脱。由于生活的凄苦，勃朗特姐妹不得不在慈善学校度过了一段童年。因为学校里的生活条件十分恶劣，夏洛蒂和艾米莉的两个姐姐先后患肺病死去，这给夏洛蒂极其沉重的打击。,Charlotte Bronte,1847年：简爱Jane Eyr
10、e （The masterpiece）1849年：雪莉Shirley 1853年：维莱特Villette 1857年：教师The Professor,Jane Eyre ranks as one of the greatest and most perennially popular works of English fiction. Although the poor but plucky heroine is outwardly of plain appearance, she possesses an indomitable spirit, a sharp wit and great c
11、ourage. She is forced to battle against the exigencies of a cruel guardian, a harsh employer and a rigid social order. All of which circumscribe her life and position when she becomes governess to the daughter of the mysterious, sardonic and attractive Mr. Rochester.,The main character,Jane Eyre,简爱创
12、作于英国谢菲尔德，是一部带有自传色彩的长篇小说，它阐释了这样一个主题：人的价值=尊严+爱。简爱中的简爱人生追求有两个基本旋律：富有激情、幻想、反抗和坚持不懈的精神；对人间自由幸福的渴望和对更高精神境界的追求。这本小说的主题是通过对孤女坎坷不平的人生经历，成功地塑造了一个不安于现状、不甘受辱、敢于抗争的女性形象，反映一个平凡心灵的坦诚倾诉的呼号和责难，一个小写的人成为一个大写的人的渴望。,Clip: Jane Eyre,Emily Bronte,Emily Bronte is the undisputed genius of the Bronte family. An unyielding an
13、d mysterious personality, she produces only one novel and a few poems, yet she is ranked among the giants of English literature. Her masterpiece is Wuthering Heights.,Wuthering Heights 呼啸山庄,The story is told by two characters in the sidelines: Mr. Lockwood, the new tenant of the Grange, and Mrs. Dea
14、n, an old servant of the Earnshaw family. It recounts the saga of two star-crossed lovers, Heathcliff-a gypsy boy rescued from the streets of London by Mr. Earnshaw-and Catherine Earnshaw, Mr. Earnshaws daughter. Catherines older brother Hindley cruelly tyrannizes over Heathcliff after Mr. Earnshaws
15、 death, treating him worse than a servant. When Catherine becomes a woman and the suitors start calling, Heathcliff, destitute and illiterate due to Hindleys cruelty, is no match for the rich and handsome Edgar Linton, owner of Thrushcross Grange.,Heathcliff mysteriously disappears after overhearing
16、 Catherines low opinion of him, only to reappear two years later and disturb the married life of his love Catherine, who by now has become Mrs. Linton. The uncanny gypsy then spends the remainder of his unhappy life wreaking vengeance upon the multiple recipients who had hurt him in the past, includ
17、ing Catherine who killed them both by marrying for money. Wuthering Heights is the recounting of this tragic love story, and of happiness redeemed through the next generation.,在19世纪，英国涌现出一批女小说家，这是一个值得注意的文学现象。她们有一个共同的特点，都表现了当时出现的女性主义思想，通过小说表达妇女的权利。19世纪英国女作家的创作题材主要是日常家居生活、个人情感、乡村生活，较少社会大题材。这与妇女的生活天地有关。妇女被限制在家庭，她们的创作在当时不被社会普遍承认。她们处于边缘文化的地位，常常受到男性评论家的嘲笑。 女作家将自己的生活体验写进小说，这本身是一种争取妇女的话语权利行为，她们的个人体验成为被遮蔽的妇女的集体记忆，以及一个时代的日常生活记忆 。,Thank you,
