1、四级辅导讲座,选词填空,1. focused 2. emotionally 3. distant 4. cancer 5. retirement 6. crossed 7. increasingly 8. Regardless of your age, you can make a number of important changes in your current lifestyle. 9. We know much more about preventive health today than our parents and grandparents did in the past. 1
2、0. And these new knowledge can be transmitted to our children to help them become healthier than our generation.,考查重点：名词，动词，形容词和副词等主要实词注重词汇在文章中实际应用：连贯性，一致性，逻辑关系等；语篇，语段整体特征的理解；及在实际语境中对单词含意的把握。,主要考点： 1. 句子的语法结构备选项的词性和形式各不相同，根据空格所在句子的语法结构来判断所填词的词性和形式，以缩小选择范围Readers return _ to books because their curio
3、sity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit.D. completely K. naturally M. properly,2. 前后语义衔接对每一个词的考查都不是孤立地限定于某一个单独的句子，所填词仅使单个句子通顺是不行的，保证上下文语义的合理衔接。Starting a Peacemakers Club is a praiseworth
4、y venture for a class and one that could spread to other classrooms and ideally affect the culture of the _ school.C. comprehensive D. cooperative E. entire,3. 近义词的区分选项中会出现一组或多组近义词，考查对词汇的细微差别的精确理解。其中一个词为干扰项Decades ago, there were only drugs available, and many of them caused _ side effects in older
5、people, including dizziness and fatigue.C. significant H. magnificent,4. 上下文逻辑关系不仅考虑句子意思上的 通顺，还要把握上下文的 因果，条件，转折，并列等逻辑关系Then Mrs. Malave, “ She helped me stay smart while teaching me English,” he said. Given the chance to demonstrate his ability, he _ confidence and began to succeed in school.B. acqu
6、ired D. regained I. hid M. recalled,5. 词语的习惯搭配while enriching their imagination, books _ their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisureE. derive F. desire H. escape J. narrowN. respect O. widen,选词填空解题步骤： 快速阅读15个选项，进行词性分类“先题后文再定位”，“先题”是要先对15个选项“辨性”a. 不认识的单词看词缀（见后面附表）b. 认
7、识的单词要注意词性的单一性和多样性动词归类要细分为 v，v- ed, v- ing2. 读文章的第一句话，掌握文章的主旨（第一句话不设空格）,3. 分析空格所在句子结构，判断所填词的词性和形式根据空格所在的句子结构，上下文时态，推测所 填词可能的词性和形式，实现3选1，2选1，而不是15选1 注意：没有空格的句子略读，有空格的句子细读4. 根据空格所在句含义及上下文，推测所填词含义及色彩：寻找空格前后的逻辑关系，上下文的照应关系，及前后的语义衔接，推测所填词的可能含义，并确定所填词的词义色彩：积极词，消极词还是中性词,5. 将选定的词带入空格，根据上下文确定答案如果一个词符合第4步，符合上下文
8、，即为答案；如果几个词，则一一带入空格后确定答案。6. 复读全文，谨慎调整核查上下文是否通顺，主谓一致，语法结构，内在逻辑关系等注意：解答词汇选择时，不一定严格按空格顺序来答题，可先答有把握的空格，以缩小选择范围。,如何确定空格的词性？1. 空格为名词a /an/the + n 限定词（the, this, that, a, my之类）后必有名词 adj + n vt + n 即空格处前面为冠词、形容词或者及物动词的,空格处应填入名词n + v即空格处后面是动词的,空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)prep + n 即空格处前面是介词的,空格处充当介词宾语,用填入一个名词或动名词。,2. 空格为
9、动词n /pron + vt + n /pron即空格处前面已经有名词/代词作主语,后面又有名词/代词作为动词的宾语,空格处应为及物动词; n /pron + vi 即空格处前面是名词/代词,后面没有宾语,空格处应填不及物动词; n/pron + vi +adv/prep 即空格处前面是名词/代词,空格处后面是副词/介词,空格处应填入不及物动词,与副词/介词构成固定搭配;,n /pron + link v（be） + adj即空格处前面是名词/代词,后面是形容词,空格处应填入系动词或be动词，stay, seem, remain, keep, look to + v即空格处前有不定式标志to,
10、空格处应填入动词原形;另一种情况to是介词,后面应填入动名词。 be (was, is, were)/ have (has, had ) been + v-ed be (was, is, were)+ v-ing have (has) been + v-ing 一句话只有一个谓语动词一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语做状语,3. 空格为形容词adj + n 或 n + adj (后置定语)即空格处前面或者后面为名词的,空格处应填入形容词; adv + adj 即空格处前面是副词的,空格处应填入形容词; link v/be + adj 即空格处前面是系动词或be动词的,空格处应
11、填入形容词作表语 注意：动词的过去分词，现在分词可以做定语,4. 空格为副词adv + v 或 v adv 即空格处前面或者后面为动词的,空格处应填入副词; adv adj 即空格处后面是形容词的,空格处应填入副词。,选词填空特点： 1. 近义词辨析不多 2. 固定搭配不多 3. 词性辨析比较容易选词填空难点： 1. 一词多性 2. 错一题，可能会错两题,1. 名词后缀 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor 2)-acy, 表示“性质，状态，境遇“ democracy, accuracy, diplomacy 3)-ance, -e
12、nce 表示“性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度”importance, diligence, difference, obedience 4)-ancy, -ency, 表示“性质，状态，行为，过程“ frequency, urgency, efficiency, 5)-bility, 表示“动作，性质，状态“ possibility, flexibility, feasibility, 6)-dom, 表示“等级，领域，状态“ freedom, kingdom, wisdom,7)-hood, 表示“资格，身份, 年纪，状态“ childhood, manhood, falsehood 8
13、)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition,“行为的过程，结果，状况“ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, 9)-ism, 表示“制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为“ socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism 10)-ity, 表示“性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, 11)-ment, 表示“行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, 12)-ness, 表示“性质
14、，状态，程度“ goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 13)-ship, 表示“情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship,14)-th, 表示“动作，性质，过程，状态” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 15)-tude, 表示“性质，状态，程度” latitude, altitude(海拔) 16)-ure, 表示“行为，结果” exposure, pressure, failure, procedure， 17)-grapy, 表示“学，写
15、法” biography, calligraphy, geography 18)-ic, ics, 表示“学法“ logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics 19)-ology, 表示“学论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学) 20)-nomy, 表示“学术“ astronomy, economy,2. 形容词后缀 1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible 2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish（注意accomplish, vanish） 3)-ive, acti
16、ve, sensitive, productive 4)-like, manlike, childlike 5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 6)-some, troublesome, handsome 7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various 9)-ent, violent 10)-most, foremost, topmost 11)less, 表示否定，countless, sta
17、inless, wireless,3. 动词后缀 1)-ize, ise, 表示“做成，变成，化”modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2)-en, 表示“使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3)-fy, 表示“使化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4)-ish, 表示“使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5)-ate, 表示“成为，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate,4. 副词后缀 (形容词)-ly：bad badly careful carefully -wise：clock clockwise顺时针方向的（地）；like likewise 同样地 -wards：out outwards向外面地，north northwards北方地,
