1、生堡挫丝叠盘壶!Q螋笙12旦筮丝鲞簋!魈!也!堕!型:卫!堡坐垒笪!Q塑,!Q!:兰!t塑生12【编者按】 近年来,欧、美关于缺血性脑卒中的治疗指南已基于循证医学的证据进行了修订,为我国临床工作及指南修订提供了指导意见和良好借鉴。本文作者在认真学习、充分肯定欧、美指南的基础上,通过对基层医院的考察与咨询提出了个人看法,颇有见地,虽不尽完善,但希望对于开拓我们的思路、完善我国的指南修订有所裨益。欢迎广大临床工作者参与讨论,提出自己的看法欧、美缺血性脑卒中防治指南之我见丁新生吴婷王蔚缺血性脑卒中是严重危害人类生命与健康的常见病,也是导致中老年人死亡、残疾的主要原因。21。为了有效地治疗、预防缺血性
2、脑卒中,欧洲脑卒中组织(ESO)、美国心脏协A美国脑卒中协会(AHAASA)等都发表了各种指南“,并于2007、2008年予以更新,指导临床医师进行脑卒中的急性期处理和预防。这些指南是在积累了足够的循证依据来指导人们实践时形成的,具有科学性和客观性,是集体智慧的结晶。指南产生的最终目的是给临床工作者从事临床实践提供科学合理的指导意见和建议,我们应尊重他们的意见。欧、美指南中提出的具有循证医学证据的防治方法和技术,我们宜提倡;但应结合我国的国情,制定我国的指南。对于我国指南中提出的指导性意见和方法,我们发现有的单位在执行过程中不够严格,对于指南的理解不够准确;还有的单位或多或少地存在照搬欧、美脑
3、卒中指南的现象,对于国内有一定临床证据但欧、美指南中未提及的防治方法及药物均排斥,上述情况均不利于我国指南的完善及具有我国特色的脑卒中防治方法的发展。虽然欧、美脑卒中指南有循证医学证据,但国外的指南不可能为具有中国特色的药物进行大样本验证,我们应结合国内的临床证据和经验,在今后也开展设计完善的国内大样本临床试验以取得令人信服的证据。下面就欧、美缺血性脑卒中防治指南的解读提出一些个人的看法和建议,不当之处请同道们指正。一、缺血性脑卒中的溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的静脉或动脉内溶栓治疗已被广泛接受,主要是基于1995年美国国立神经疾病和脑卒中研究院(NINDS)的重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(n-PA)
4、脑卒中研究的结果“1,美国食品药品管理局(FDA)批准了rt-PA用于缺血性脑卒中的治疗。ESO和AHAASA都推荐使用rt-PA,在缺血性脑卒中发生3 h内,建议给予静脉rt-PA(O9 mgkg,最大量90 mg)。先推注10的剂量,继以60 min输注,3 h内使用rtPA能显著改善患者的临床转归囊J。虽有文献报道,在36 h静脉用rtPA对患者临床终点指标没有影响【81,但2009年欧洲脑血管病会议根据DOI:103760cmaji靼n1006-7876200912017作者单位:210029南京医科大学第一附属医院神经科855学术讨论ECASS 3临床试验结果已建议将时间窗延长至45
5、 h一1。国内报道静脉使用尿激酶溶栓治疗也取得了肯定的疗效10-13,也应支持使用。值得注意的是,溶栓时关于血压管理及抗血小板药物使用的注意事项,有些单位并没有按指南的要求确切实施:其一是血压水平特别强调在血压220120 mm Hg)者,有严重心脏功能衰竭、主动脉夹层或高血压脑病者,应立即开始谨慎逐步降压,避免急速降压。如血压在180105 mm Hg水平,町不予降tH主。脑卒中患者的预后不良与血压降得过低有关。合理的降,K目标是在脑卒中后第1天内将过高的血K降低控制在15内,一般不宜下降超过20。文献报道患者血压在220185120110 mill Hg水平的可不积极降压,亦可酌情降101
6、5 mln Hg,当然也应在首日把血压降低控制在15内。急性期患者即使不予降压治疗,其血压也往往会在发病3 d内下降;当进人腩梗死恢复期后,应逐步缓慢降压,直至发病1个月后达到正常水平。参考文献1Lopoz AD,Mathem CD,Ezzati M,et a1Global and regionalburden of disease and risk faetoB,2001:systematic analysis ofpopulation health dataLaneet,2006,367:174717572Papademetriou V,Doumas MTreatment strategi
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8、al Cardiology CouneilCardiovasctdarRadiology and Intervention Couneiland the AtheroscleretiePeripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes inResearch Interdisciplinary Working Groups:the AmericanAcademy of Neurology affimthe value of this guidelineeducational tool for neurologistsStroke,20
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22、in InvestigDrugs,2000,l:347-354Yoneda Y,Uehara T,YmrIa8aki H。et a1Hospitalbased study ofthe care and cost of acute isehemic stroke in JapanStroke,2003,34:718-724丁新生,王蔚缺血性脑卒中的神经保护中华神经科杂志,2008,41:721-723WuT,DingXS,WangW,elalMCI一186(3methyl-1-phenyl-2pyrazolin-5一one)attenuated simulated isehemiareperfu
23、sion injuryin eultultd rat hippocampal cellsBiol Pharm Bull,2006,29:16131617顾学兰,丁新生,狄晴,等依达拉奉注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效评价中国新药与临床杂志,2005,2:113116(收稿日期:2009-07-28)(本文编辑:包雅琳)中华神经科杂志正式换用新网络信息处理平台为适应期刊出版网络化、信息化的趋势,在中华医学会期刊管理部的统一部署下,中华神经科杂志已于2009年11月1日正式换用新的网络信息处理平台(http:wwwCiilaorgcnywzxywzxasp),原网址(http:zhsjmedline
24、orgcn)不再使用,特此通知。作者和审稿专家在我们原审稿系重要启事统中所使用的用户名和密码在新的网络信息处理平台中可以继续使用,无需重新注册。您已投或已审的稿件都将转移到新的网络信息处理平台中,不会丢失,因此无需再重新投稿。中华神经科杂志编辑部万方数据欧、美缺血性脑卒中防治指南之我见作者: 丁新生, 吴婷, 王蔚作者单位: 南京医科大学第一附属医院神经科,210029刊名: 中华神经科杂志英文刊名: CHINESE JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY年,卷(期): 2009,42(12)被引用次数: 0次参考文献(36条)1.Lopez AD,Mathers CD,Ezzati M,e
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