1、Unit 3 A Hanging,Objectives: -Related Information: Ss five-minute presentation -Text comprehension (p.38) -Discussion in Text organization and ideas -Language points,George Orwell,Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English author. His
2、 work is marked by a profound consciousness of social injustice, an intense, revolutionary opposition to totalitarianism(极权主义), a passion for clarity in language and a belief in democratic socialism.,Considered “perhaps the 20th centurys best chronicler of English culture,“ he wrote works in many di
3、fferent genres including novels, essays, polemic journalism, semi-sociological literary criticism, and poetry. His most famous works are Homage to Catalonia (1938); his personal account of his experiences and observations in the Spanish Civil War, the satirical novella Animal Farm(1945), the dystopi
4、an novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), and his numerous essays. Orwells influence on popular and political culture remains apparent, with numerous of his literary concepts, and the term “Orwellian“ entering the popular vernacular.,Death Penalty,Death Penalty,Eight Main Methods of Execution Worldwide1
5、. Beheading: Only two countries execute people by chopping their head off: Saudi Arabia and Iraq. 2. Electric chair: (US only) Nobody knows how quickly a person dies from the electric shock, or what they experience. 3. Firing squad: The prisoner is bound and shot through the heart by multiple marksm
6、en. This method is used in Belarus, China, Somolia, Taiwan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, and other countries.,4. Guillotine(断头台): A famous French invention, not used in North America. A machine with a heavy knife severs the neck. Death comes very quickly. 5. Hanging: if properly conducted, this is a humane
7、method. The neck is broken and death comes quickly. This method is used in Egypt, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Pakistan, Singapore and others. 6. Lethal injection: Lethal drugs are injected into the prisoner while he lays strapped down to a table. This technique has been challenged recently by those who fee
8、l that the prisoner may not be rendered unconscious by the drugs. Lethal injection is also used in China, Guatemala, Philippines, and Thailand.,7. Poison gas: Cyanide capsules are dropped into acid producing Hydrogen Cyanide, a deadly gas. This takes many minutes of agony before a person dies.8. Sto
9、ning: The prisoner is often buried up to her or his neck and pelted with rocks until they eventually die. The rocks are chosen so that they are large enough to cause significant injury to the victim, but are not so large that a single rock will kill the prisoner. Stoning is used in Afghanistan and I
10、ran, as a penalty for murder, adultery, blasphemy, and other crimes.,The Death Penalty Project For more than twenty years the Death Penalty Project has worked to promote and protect the human rights of those facing the death penalty. The organisations main objectives are: To provide free and effecti
11、ve legal representation and assistance to those individuals who are facing the death penalty; To promote the restriction of the death penalty in line with international minimum legal requirements; To uphold and develop human rights standards and the criminal law; and To promote increased awareness a
12、nd greater dialogue with key stakeholders on the death penalty.,All out against the death penalty,Tireless champion for the abolition of the death penalty throughout the world, the EU proposes a European day against the death penalty. The EU wants to see the death penalty become a thing of the past
13、everywhere on the planet. Its campaign is based on respect for peoples dignity, regardless of their actions, as enshrined in the charter of fundamental rights. As part of this campaign, the EU commission is proposing that 10 October be not only the world day against the death penalty, but a European
14、 day too. At the international conference to be held in Lisbon on 9 October, a joint declaration is to be signed by the EU and the Council of Europe to promote the universal abolition of the death penalty.,Understanding the Death Penalty in China,While there seems to be a ongoing debate in the West
15、as to whether or not the death penalty should be allowed to exist, most Chinese people seem to support the use of capital punishment in their country. For them, modern capital punishment in China is simply a more civilized way of enforcing what has always been an eye for an eye and a tooth for a too
16、th mentality in China. People should pay for their crimes. Most Chinese people seem dislike the idea of leaving a prisoner in jail for life. For them, the idea of one less crook or fraudster on the streets of China seems to be quite pleasant. Chinese public opinion seems to be with the CCP on the is
17、sue of the death penalty. Almost everyone in China is willing to do what it takes to lower the crime rates in their developing country.,Death Penalty Outlawed (year),Albania (2000) Andorra (1990) Angola (1992) Argentina (2008) Armenia (2003) Australia (1984) Austria (1950) Azerbaijan (1998) Belgium
18、(1996) Bhutan (2004) Bosnia-Herzegovina (1997) Bulgaria (1998) Cambodia (1989) Canada (1976) Cape Verde (1981) Chile (2008) Colombia (1910) Cook Islands (2007) Costa Rica (1877) Cte dIvoire (2000) Croatia (1990) Cyprus (1983) Czech Republic (1990) Denmark (1933) Djibouti (1995) Dominican Republic (1
19、966) East Timor (1999) Ecuador (1906) Estonia (1998) Finland (1949) France (1981) Georgia (1997) Germany (1949) Greece (1993) Guinea-Bissau (1993) Haiti (1987) Honduras (1956) Hungary (1990) Iceland (1928) Ireland (1990) Italy (1947) Kiribati (1979) Liberia (2005) Liechtenstein (1987) Lithuania (199
20、8) Luxembourg (1979) Macedonia (1991) Malta (1971),Marshall Islands (1986) Mauritius (1995) Mexico (2005) Micronesia (1986) Moldova (1995) Monaco (1962) Montenegro (2002) Mozambique (1990) Namibia (1990) Nepal (1990) Netherlands (1870) New Zealand (1961) Nicaragua (1979) Niue (n.a.) Norway (1905) Pa
21、lau (n.a.) Panama (1903) Paraguay (1992) Poland (1997) Portugal (1867) Philippines (2006) Romania (1989) Rwanda (2007) Samoa (2004) San Marino (1848) So Tom and Prncipe (1990) Senegal (2004) Serbia (2002) Seychelles (1993) Slovak Republic (1990) Slovenia (1989) Solomon Islands (1966) South Africa (1
22、995) Spain (1978) Sweden (1921) Switzerland (1942) Turkey (2002) Turkmenistan (1999) Tuvalu (1978) Ukraine (1999) United Kingdom (1973) Uruguay (1907) Uzbekistan (2008) Vanuatu (1980) Vatican City (1969) Venezuela (1863),Death Penalty Permitted,Afghanistan Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Bahrain Banglad
23、esh Barbados Belarus Belize Botswana Burundi Cameroon Chad China (Peoples Republic) Comoros Congo (Democratic Republic) Cuba Dominica Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Ghana Guatemala Guinea Guyana India Indonesia Iran Iraq Jamaica Japan Jordan Korea, North Korea, South Kuwait,Laos Leba
24、non Lesotho Libya Malawi Malaysia Mongolia Nigeria Oman Pakistan Palestinian Authority Qatar St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines Saudi Arabia Sierra Leone Singapore Somalia Sudan Swaziland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Trinidad and Tobago Uganda United Arab Emira
25、tes United States Vietnam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe,Questions to be asked: (1)Where and when did the story take place? The story took place in Burma on a sodden morning of the rains. (2)Provide a general description of the condemned cells. The condemned cells, a row of sheds fronted with double bars, we
26、re like small animal cages. Each cell was about ten feet long and ten feet wide and was quite bare within except for a plank bed and a pot for drinking water. In some of the cells brown silent men were squatting at the inner bars, with their blankets draped round them.,Burma,A History of Capital Pun
27、ishment in Burma,Burma has a long history of capital punishment, tracing its roots back to the monarchy period. It was also used throughout the colonial era. Even during the democracy period, the elected government sentenced criminals and political prisoners to death.One of the famous heroes of the
28、Burmese independent movement, Maj Chin Kaung, was charged with treason and sentenced to death because he was a member of the Communist Party, which had been fighting the Burmese government since 1948. Fortunately, he was pardoned by the second Burmese president, Mann Win Maung, one of his colleagues
29、 during the independence struggle. Other political prisoners were not so lucky. Their death sentences were carried out.,The present military government has continued to use capital punishment to oppress political activists. Following the December 1974 Burmese students uprising prominent student lead
30、er Tin Maung Oo was sentenced to death. He was executed a few months later. In 1976, an Army captain, Ohn Kyaw Myaint, was sentenced to death for attempting to assassinate the Burmese dictator, Ne Win. In the 1980s, dozens of members of the Karen National Union (KNU) were arrested in the Pegu Mounta
31、ins region and sentenced to death.,Language points: P32-1. It was in Burma, on a sodden morning of the rains. The story took place in Burma on a very wet morning during the rainy season.sodden: adj. extremely wet,the condemned cells: the very small rooms in a prison where prisoners, who had been sen
32、tenced to death and who were due to be hanged within a week or two, were being kept.,a row of sheds fronted with double bars: a line of one-story buildings whose front was strengthened with both inner and outer bars P32-1. Each cell measured about ten feet by ten and was quite bare within except for
33、 a plank bed and a pot for drinking water. Each condemned cell was about ten feet long and ten feet wide, in each of which there was only a plank bed and a pot for drinking water.,Plank beds,pots,squatdrape sth. round/over sth. else: hang (cloth, curtains, a cloak, etc.) loosely on sth. else.,Hindus
34、,puny adj. very small and weak wisp n. a small, tiny bunch ofIndian warder n. a jailer, a person who works as a guard in a prison.,Paragraphs 2-7These paragraphs describe how a condemned prisoner was prepared for the gallows, how he was escorted on his way to the gallows and how he reacted, behaved,
35、 and marched.,gallows n. a structure for the hanging of criminals.,Rifles,Fixed bayonet n. handcuff n. a pair of lockable linked metal rings for securing a prisoners wrists,caress v. treat fondly, kindly, or favorably grip n. a tight hold, a firm graspv. seize firmly yield v. give up, surrender, P32
36、-2. But he stood quite unresisting, yielding his arms limply to the ropes, as though he hardly noticed what was happening. But he stood, without putting up any resistance. He let the warders bind up his limp arms with the ropes, as if he were not aware of what was happening.limply adv. not stiffly o
37、r firmly; in a way which lacks strength or energy,Prisons and prisoners,prisoners,Buglesfloat vi. move in air, water or gas; drift slowlybarracks: n. buildings for soldiers,Superintendents, P32-3. The superintendent of the jail, who was standing apart from the rest of us, moodily prodding the gravel
38、 with his stick. The head of the jail, who was standing at a distance from the rest of us, feeling so gloomy and sullen that he was poking the sands and stones with his stick. prod vi. poke sth. with ones finger or sth. pointed. e.g. The boy is prodding the sandy beach with a stick, enjoying it very
39、 much.,A Dravidian in a white drill suit,Gold spectacles,magistrate n. civil officer,puddle n. a small pool of water, esp. of rain water on a path or roade.g. As it has been raining for days, there are many puddles on the path.,on the drop: on the trapdoor on the gallowswith a sudden snap: with a su
40、dden sharp noise; with a sudden sharp crack,servile a. slavish, too ready to obey others; lacking independence. e.g. I strongly dislike his servile flattery and his servile manner.noose n. a loop with a running knot, tightening as the rope is pulled.reiterate vt. say or do sth. again or repeatedly,n
41、ever faltering for an instant: never wavering for a moment falter vi. (of ones voice) waver; speak hesitatingly; act, move, or walk hesitatingly usu. because of fear, weakness, or indecision 33-11. His head on his chest: He was lowering his head.,clank: v. make a sharp, hard, metallic sound.twist: v
42、. turn round P34-13. Very slowly revolving, as dead as a stone. His dead body was turning in a circle slowly.,oscillate: v. swing back and forth with a steady rhythm. (cause to) move repeatedly and regularly from one position to another and back again; waver A pendulum oscillates.,34-14. He is all r
43、ight: The prisoner is absolutely dead. tin pannikins,ladle vt. serve food with a ladle or in large quantities; distribute sth. (too) lavishly P34-15. An enormous reliefwas done: Now that the Hindu was hanged, we felt tremendously relieved., P34-15. One felt an impulse to sing to snigger: One felt a
44、sudden urge to sing songs, to start running and to laugh in a half-suppressed manner to get rid of their fears. P34-15. All at once everyone began chattering gaily.All of a sudden, everyone began talking quickly and cheerfully.,silver cigarette cases,Eurasian boy,garrulously ad. talking away about u
45、nimportant things Some people tend to talk garrulously about trifles. P34-18. “I have known casesMost agreeable.”“ I have known instances where the doctor was obliged to go beneath the gallows and pull the prisoners legs to make sure that the convict was really dead. This is a most unpleasant thing
46、to do.”,wriggle: v. twist and turn the body refractory adj. stubborn, rebellious dislodge: v. remove 34-20. You will scarcely credit, sir, that it took six warders to dislodge him, three pulling at each leg. : You will hardly believe, sir, six warders removed him from his fixed position, three pulli
47、ng at each leg.,genially ad. kindly; pleasantly; sociably Our teacher presents his lectures genially. P35-22. We all had a drink together, native and European alike, quite amicably. We all had a drink of whiskey together, native and European people alike, in a quite cheerful and friendly atmosphere.
48、,Exercises: II. 1. oscillate 2. vibrate 3. oscillated 4. vibrating 1.motion 2. motion 3. movement 4. movement 1. inspect 2. examine 3. inspect, inspected 4. examine , examine 1. suspended 2. dangled 3. suspend 4. dangled,Exercises: III. 1. homely 2.appeal 3. magistrates 4. amicably 5. solemn 6. vani
49、shed 7. twisted 8. clumsily,V. (1)opened (2) saw (3) had been listening(4) wondered (5)had heard (6)asked (7)was doing (8) said (9)had dropped (10) had been looking (11)didt see (12)found (13)had dropped (14) opened (15)had been taking (16) were (17) turned (18) asked (19) pulled (20)ran (21)recovered (22) had disappeared (23) moved (24)found (25)had been standing (26) had been telling,
