1、专题三阅读理解,第4讲词句猜测题,栏目索引,词句猜测题常见命题方式：1.The underlined word.in the.paragraph refers to/means “ ”.2.By saying.in the first paragraph，the author means that .3.The meaning of.in Paragraph.is related to .4.Which of the following has the closest meaning to.(Paragraph.)?5.The underlined sentence.in the.paragr
2、aph probably means that .6.Which of the following words can take the place of the word “.”？,命题方式,返回,1.单词或短语意义猜测词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。具体技巧如下：(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。,技法点拨,(3)根据同义关系进
3、行猜测。当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的或相反的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，进而可推知其大致意思。 (4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀，从而构成另外一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义了。(5)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇文章中，根据原因可以预测结果；同样，根据结果也可以找出原因。,(6)根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。文章中的代词it，that，this，he，him 或them等可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以
4、指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时还需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。,典题印证,(2016全国，C片段)I am Peter Hodes，a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March 2012，Ive done 89 tripsof those,51 have been abroad，I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞) in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.
5、In all，from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient，weve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.,29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1? ( )A.provider B.delivery manC.collecto
6、r D.medical doctor,解析,解析词义猜测题。根据本段第二句中的“I have done 89 trips”及“carry stem cells”可知，作者是运送干细胞的人，所以选B项。,2.句意猜测题句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章理解句意，然后用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。具体技巧如下：(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句子，首先要理解此句前后的语境，其次对其在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。(2)一般说来，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，但是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达的。,(2015浙江，D片段)They did
7、nt.From day two (everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day)，neither thought to walk the dog.While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots，to schedule her vet appointments，to feed and clean her，Misty knew this on day one.As she looked up at the three new hu
8、mans in her life (small，medium，and large)，she calculated，“The medium one is the sucker in the pack.”,典题印证,Quickly，she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld(心灵融合).Shed look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers，beam her need，and then wait，trusting I would understandwhich，stra
9、ngely，I almost always did.In no time，she became my fifth appendage(附肢)，snoring on my homeoffice couch as I worked，cradling against my feet as I read，and splaying across my stomach as I watched television.,56.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to “The medium one is the sucker in the pac
10、k.”？A.“The middleaged person loves me most.”B.“The mediumsized woman is the hostess.”C.“The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.”D.“The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.”,解析,解析句意猜测题。根据前面的内容可知，在狗Misty眼里，small指女儿，medium指作者，large指丈夫，再结合从第二天起照看狗就成了作者的工作可知，这句话的意思是“女人在家庭中
11、是友好而又值得信任的”。故选D项。需要注意的是这句话是狗的心理活动。,返回,跟踪训练,AShaky hands.Sweaty forehead.Seventeen-year-old Oliver is restless，cant focus，and keeps reaching into his empty pockets as his heart pounds with panic.But why？Is he on the run from bad people？Actually，its a much more ordinary situation：Oliver accidentally l
12、eft his phone at home.Even a five-minute trip to the store without his device is enough to fill him with unease and fear.But hes not alone in this feelingthe stress and separation anxiety of going phone-free is so common，its been given a name：nomophobia.,Yes，technology helps us stay connected and in
13、formed.When technology does everything，however，its easy to become dependent on it.With your phone in your hand，you can look up a date for a history paper without referring to a book.But despite having these shortcuts，students are still spending the same amount of time on homework today as they were
14、30 years ago.So wheres all that time going？The answer may be at your fingertips.“I usually keep my phone on the desk or in my pocket while Im doing homework，” says Oliver.“Ill check any information I get，just as a little break.”,A “little break” may sound harmless，but more is happening during that b
15、reak than you think.Experts say each beep(嘟嘟声) seizes your attention. Triggering(触发) your fight or flight response，which is like a fire alarm for your brain.Its designed to pull your thoughts away from whatever youre doing so you can focus on the “lifeordeath” situation in front of you.This response
16、 is vital if you smell smoke or come across a bear in the woodsbut not so much when you get a text that says “Im so bored.” After that false alarm，it takes your brain up to 30 minutes to regain focusIf it ever gets focus back at all.,We should just put our phones down when were busybut its not that
17、simple.In fact，the constant beeps are purposefully designed to be irresistible(极为诱人的). Theres pressure to be available every moment for fear of missing out (FOMO) on the party，the gossip(闲言碎语)，or simply the connection.But when FOMO is overpowering your brain，theres no room for creativity or problem-
18、solving.,语篇解读如果铃声响起，你会随时随地，不由自主地查看手机吗？如果让你一整天都不使用手机，你会感到焦虑、恐慌、浑身不自在吗？你并不孤单，这个现象已经非常普遍。,解析,1.Whats wrong with Oliver?( )A.He is seriously ill.B.He is digitally disconnected.C.His phone seems to be lost.D.His life is full of danger.,解析推理判断题。由第一段最后一句“Actually，its a much more ordinary situation：Oliver a
19、ccidentally left his phone at home.”可知，Oliver把手机落在了家里。故选B。,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,2.What does the underlined word “nomophobia” in Paragraph 2 mean?( )A.The fear of being out of mobile phone contact.B.The unease about going on short trips.C.The stress of being completely free.D.The anxiety of being awa
20、y from ones family.,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,解析,解析词义猜测题。由画线词所在句前面的“.the stress and separation anxiety of going phonefree.”可知，nomophobia意为“无手机恐惧症”。所以选A。,解析,3.Students are still spending a lot of time on homework today mainly because .A.they dont study hard in schoolB.they have too much homeworkC.they are
21、 often disturbed by their phonesD.they dont know how to refer to books,解析推理判断题。由第三段内容可知，学生依赖手机，手机对学生的干扰使他们做作业时间延长了。,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,解析,4.It can be inferred that “a little break” .A.can be quite harmfulB.is nothing seriousC.helps to relax studentsD.is good for students health,解析推理判断题。由第四段第一句中的so
22、und harmless和该段的例子可知，“a little break”的危害很大。,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,5.According to the last paragraph，FOMO makes people .A.less busy B.more popularC.less creative D.more powerful,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,解析,解析细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句“But when FOMO is overpowering your brain，theres no room for creativity or problems
23、olving.”可知，FOMO使人们缺乏创造力。,BA lot of interesting things have happened in the past several months as people from all walks of life learn how to stretch their money.A lot of changes have been sped up by the fuel shocks during the summer of 2008；in a lot of ways we seem to be returning to the frugal(econ
24、omical)sensibilities of a past generation.More people are choosing to be more picky when they swipe their credit cards even if that means not buying things until they have money in their bank accounts，the days of the 0down mortgage(抵押贷款) seem to be murdered，and there is a lot more acceptance of envi
25、ronmental-friendly technologies that promise to reduce our overall dependency on foreign oil even if it means taking a hit to the superabundance that used to define our quality of living.,An interesting new trend being taken by small businesses is the practice of offering discounted prices to custom
26、ers willing to pay in cash.This is not the same as paying “under the table”rather，the store saves its merchant processing fees and passes those savings on to the customers.The idea is a good one in principlepaying in cash forces consumers to figure out what they are spending as much as it saves stor
27、es from transaction(交易) fees.,Of course there are drawbacks to the plan.When people pay in cash，they tend to be more conservative with their spending since they tangibly(really) feel their money leave their possession.That will cause stores to lose profits because customers will think twice before b
28、uying highmargin(高边际利润) “impulse” products at checkout whereas before they might not have thought twice before charging it.Increased volume of cash handling opens stores to loss through employee theft at the till(抽屉)，not to mention controls that need to be put into place to count and deposit physica
29、l currency.,Our family has saved a fortune by switching to cash.When getting to the bottom of your change jar means no more purchase power until your next pay period，you really start to appreciate the fine art of merchandising(做买卖) and the expertise applied to make you want to buy more and more.Cold
30、 hard cash feels more organic，and helps us to appreciate the effort it takes to maintain our lifestyle.,语篇解读本文介绍了商业上的一些新变化以及人们对此的反应。,6.From the passage，we can learn that .A.customers are in a more favorable position by paying in cashB.people will not be allowed to use their credit cards if there is
31、no money in their bank accountC.people have adjusted their way of living to the new situationD.people are living better than before by paying in cash,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,解析推理判断题。根据全文的内容可知出现了新的现象时，人们会慢慢地去适应，故选C。,解析,解析句意理解题。all walks of life各行各业；stretch their money充分利用钱；这句话的意思是：来自各行各业的人们都充分利用他们自己的钱。故
32、选B。,7.By saying “people from all walks of life learn how to stretch their money”，the author means that .A.people walk to work in order to save moneyB.people of all professions learn to make the best use of their moneyC.people of the whole society learn to earn more moneyD.all people learn to extend
33、money so that it is worth more,解析,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,8.When the customers pay their goods in cash，the stores will be affected in the following ways EXCEPT that .A.the sale of their goods will decrease as the customers are more reluctant to buy thingsB.there is a potential danger of money loss by t
34、heir staffC.it brings a burden to the stores as they need to deal with the cashD.the stores make less money as they need to give some money back to the customers,解析,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,解析推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“That will cause stores to lose profits because customers will think twice.”可知，因为顾客买东西时会再三考虑所以商店的销
35、售量会有所下降，选项A符合原文；由第三段最后一句“Increased volume of cash handling opens stores to loss through employee theft at the till(抽屉)，not to mention controls that need to be put into place to count and deposit physical currency.”可知，有大量的现金使员工处理现金时负担增大，同时也增加了员工丢失钱的危险，选项B、C符合原文；只有选项D没有提到，故选D。,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,9.W
36、hat caused people to start to use cash instead of credit cards?( )A.The rising prices. B.High unemployment.C.The fuel shocks. D.The economic crisis.,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,解析细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话“A lot of changes have been sped up by the fuel shocks during the summer of 2008；in a lot of ways we seem to be r
37、eturning to the frugal(economical) sensibilities of a past generation.”可知，由于燃料的冲击，我们为了节俭，又开始使用现金来代替信用卡，故选C。,解析,10.Whats the authors attitude towards the practice of paying in cash?( )A.Approving. B.Ironic.C.Uninterested. D.Opposed.,解析,解析推理判断题。approving赞成的；ironic讽刺的；uninterested不感兴趣的；opposed反对的。根据最后一段最后一句“Cold hard cash feels more organic，and helps us to appreciate the effort it takes to maintain our lifestyle.”可知，作者对于现金支付是赞成的，故选A。,返回,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,
