1、非谓语动词Non-predicate Verbs,高考语法复习系列,一 什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？ 二 非谓语动词有哪些？ 有哪些具体的不同形式？ 三 不同的非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示 的动作的先后关系是什么？ 四 非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？,要点知识检查及重难点强调与提醒,一、什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。, At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _down to eat our pi
2、cnic lunch. (2005上海）A. sitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat,D, Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. have been bought D. buying,B,非谓语,不定式（to do),过去分词(-ed),- ing 分词,-ed 分词,二 非谓语动词有哪些？,非谓语动词有哪些不同的形式？,动词不定式,过去分词,to be done,to have been d
3、one,being done,having been done,及物动词的过去分词既表示被动又表示动作已完成, 个别动词的过去分词只表示完成(多数为不及物动词),主动形式,被动形式,to do,to have done,doing,having done,不定式除一般式、完成式以外还有_,进行式,done,- ing 分词,三 非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关系是什么？弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作 之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在,在谓语表示的动作之后,与谓语表示的动作同时发生,在谓语表示的动作之前,to do/to be done,to do/to be do
4、ne /to be doing ; doing/being done ;,done; to have done/to have been done ; having done/having been done,四 非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？,不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。2.动名词作主语 时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. 2) It is not very good for you to smo
5、ke so much.,(抽象),(具体),Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式上的一致。,1). Its necessary to be prepared for a jobinterview. _the answers readywill be of great help. A. To have B. Having had C. Have D. Having 2). In fact _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important
6、 match. A. this B. that C. there D. it,D,D,下列句型中常用动名词作主语:,It is/was,no use/good,not any use/good,of little use/good,useless,+doing sth.,不定式和动名词都可作宾语, 有何区别？,2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,3.有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别,4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别,1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： manage, promise, pre
7、tend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(帮助)，want(想要) ,refuse等。,2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如： practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get down to, object to,
8、succeed in, have difficulty in.,1) I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop 2) He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. t
9、o lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost,C,B,3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。I like _ very much, but I dontlike _ this afternoon.A. swimming, swimming B. to swim, to swimC. swimming, to swim D. to swim, swimming,C,Little Jim
10、 should love _ to the theatre this eveningA. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 如果like, love, prefer前有would/should, 后面则应该接动词不定式。,A,A,would like 还有哪些用法？,思考：下列情况中动词后接不定式还是接ing 分词作宾语呢？,Only then did I begin _ (see) she was really good to me. The moment he returned home, I was starting/begi
11、nning _ (cook) supper. The water began _ (freeze).,4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。 讨论：有哪些单词或短语？ go on (stop/remember/regret)to do/doingcant help to do / doing be used to do / doing( get used to doing)(used to do),Children should be allowed _ their own decisions.A. making B. to make C. make D. h
12、aving made,B,My advisor encouraged _ a summercourse to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take,D,1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有： ask, advise, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, intend,expect, encourage, persuade, permit, request,ord
13、er, warn, cause等。,使役动词，感官动词接不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语；和带to的不定式作主语补足语。常见的使役动词有make, let, have等； 感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel以及look at, listen to等。,翻译：你宁愿让谁和你一起去？,3. 不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表达的意义不同。 I heard her _( sing) an English song just now. I heard her _ (sing) an English song when I passed by he
14、r room yesterday. I heard the English song _( sing) many times. (4) I heard the English song _( sing) when I passed by her room yesterday.,sing,singing,sung,being sung,不定式、ing 分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有 “动宾关系”, 即被修饰的名词是不定式的动作的承受者; 如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式动词后加上相应的介词,分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是
15、： 现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表 示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表 示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如： The question _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance. The question _ (discuss) at the meeting now is of quite importance. The question _ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.,discussed,being discussed
16、,to be discussed,注：ing分词作定语有时意义不同：flying fish 飞鱼 a running dog 走狗 a falling tide 落潮 a crying boy 哭着的孩子a running machinea swimming poola waiting rooma walking sticka fishing polea reading room,能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。,Practise 1). When _(heat) water will be changed into vapour. W
17、hile _ (heat) water, we can change it into vapour. 2) _(see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful. _ (see) from the hill, you will find the city beautiful. 3) Generally speaking, when _(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. If _(take) the drug according to the directions
18、, you will be better soon.,heated,heating,Seen,Seeing,taken,taking,分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。1) Being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 2) He being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 3) As he was an orphan, the nurse treated himkindly
19、.,F,T,T,(True or false),现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别1). European football is played in 80 countries , _ it the most popular sport in the world . (NMET 1998)A. making B. makes C. make D. to make2). He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left . (2005广东)A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
20、 现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、自 然而然的或意料之中”的结果。不定式作结果状语 时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果,A,A,动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释解或用来表示“身份、职业”等。这时主语与表语位置可以互换 The main job of the ant queen is laying eggs. Our work is serving the people,表示心理状态的动词如excite, interest等都是及物 动词，汉语注解不是“激动”、“高兴”，而是“使得激 动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、 “令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“
21、感到高 兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡 是表示“感到 ”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人 对感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in.， 若人/物本身有趣时，就是sb./sth. is interesting。,现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别,delighting 令人高兴的delighted 感到高兴的 disappointing 令人失望的disappointed 感到失望的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的encouraged 感到鼓舞的 pleasing 令人愉快的pleased 感到愉快的 puzzling 令人费解的puzzled 感到费解
22、的 satisfying 令人满意的satisfied 感到满意的 surprising 令人惊异的surprised 感到惊异的 worrying 令人担心的worried 感到担心的,动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾 格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。 1) LiPings/ My helping her moved her deeply. 2) I appreciate your/you/LiPings/ LiPing comingto see me. 3) Is there any hope of our team winning the match? 4) W
23、hat made me angry was many studentsfailing in the exam.,(动名词结构作宾语, 其逻辑主语用宾格或所有格均可),(动名词结构作主语, 其逻辑主语用所有格),(逻辑主语是无生命名词时, 只用普通格),(以-s 结尾的名词, 只用普通格),1) I would appreciate _ back this afternoon . A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling 2) _ made her mother very angry. A. Mary marrying
24、 Jim B. Marys married Jim C. Marys marrying Jim D. Marys being married Jim,C,C,3). The discovery of new evidence led to _. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 4).The noise of _ could be heard out in thestreet. A. desks opening and closing
25、 B. desks opened and closed C. desks being opened and closed D. desks being opened and closed,C,C,独立主格结构,练习： 造一个含有独立主格结构的句子,All flights_ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train. A. were canceled B. had been canceled C. having canceled D. having been canceled 2. _ for a long time, most
26、 of the crops in this area died from lacking water. A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain 3. Everything _ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions. A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking,D,D,B,II. 巩固 练习（07高考真题检测）,
27、1.Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.（07福建卷） A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 2. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ he gladly accepted it.（07安徽卷） finished B. finishing C. having finished
28、 D. was finished 3. Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice!（07安徽卷） A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking,4. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.（07浙江卷） A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 5. _
29、 by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.（07浙江卷） A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven 6. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _, and asked myself what I was going to do.（07湖南卷） moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved,7. “Things _ n
30、ever come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself.（07湖南卷） lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost 8. Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.（07山东卷） to seat B. to be seated C. seating D. seated,9. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroo
31、m.（07全国卷II） A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close 10. Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon.（07四川卷） A. said B. says C. saying D. to say 11. He is a student at Oxford University, _ for a degree in computer s
32、cience.（07北京） studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studying,12. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day.（07重庆卷） finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 13. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?（07全国I） burnin
33、g B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt 14. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.（07江西卷） training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained,15.Can I smoke here ?Sorry. We dont allow _ here.（07江苏卷）A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smo
34、king 16. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures.（07江苏卷）A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest 17. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area _.（07陕西卷）A. need repairing B. needs to repairC. needs repairin
35、g D. need to repair,19. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _ in the natural light during the day.（07天津卷）A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 20. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him.（07上海卷）A. calling B. called C. being called D
36、. to call,21. The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.（07上海卷）A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed,（08高考真题检测） 1(08全国卷I 26) I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _.A. to be breathed B. to breathe
37、C. breathing D. being breathed 2(08全国卷II 12)The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting. A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up 3(08北京卷 24) _ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed.A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen,4(08北京卷 31)
38、Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book.A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding 5(08北京卷 32) I feel greatly honored _ into their society.A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed 6(08北京卷 35) It is worth considering what makes “conv
39、enience” foods so popular, and _ _ better ones of your own.A. introduces B. to introduce C. introducing D. introduced,7(08上海春卷 32) As a new driver, I have to practise _ the car in my small garage again and againA. parking B. to park C. parked D. park 8(08上海春卷 34) Due to the heavy rain and flooding ,
40、 ten million people have been forced _their homes A. leaving B. to leave C. to be left D. being left 9(08上海春卷 38) Throughout history, the language _ by a powerful group spreads across a civilization A. speaking B. spoken C. to speak D. to be spoken,10(08上海春卷39) If we have illegal immigrants _ in, ma
41、ny local workers will lose their jobs A. came B. coming C. to come D. having come 11(08上海卷30) My sister , an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _ to balance it .A. having tried B. trying C. to try D. tried 12(08上海卷33) If theres a lot of work _, I am happy to just keep on until it
42、is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing,13(08上海卷35) Something as simple as _ some cold water may clear your mind or relieve pressure.A. to drink B. drinking C. to be drinking D. drunk 14(08上海卷37) Ideally _ for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue , the New York Park is a favourite with m
43、any guests.A. locating B. being located C. having been located D. located 15(08天津卷 04)_ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown,16(08重庆卷 29) to reach them on the phone, we sent an email insteadA. Fail B. F
44、ailed C. To fail D. Having failed 17(08辽宁卷 27)He was busy writing a story, only _ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.A. to stop B. stopping C. to have stopped D. having stopped 18(08辽宁卷 31)Please remain _; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seat
45、ed 19(08山东卷 35)Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made _ in the restaurant.A. working B. work C. to work D. worked,20(08江苏卷 29)They are quiet, arent they?Yes. They are accustomed _ at meals.A. to talk B. to not talk C. to talking D. to not talking 21(08江苏卷 34)To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can.A. speak. B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak 22(08江西卷24)I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone.A. to promote B. having been promoted C. having promoted D. to be promoted,
