1、过去分词作状语和定语.用动词的适当形式完成句子1Most of the artists _( invite) to the party were from South Africa Most of the artists who _( invite ) to the party were from South Africa 2The computer centre，_( open) last year ，is very popular among the students(短语形式) The computer centre，_( open) last year ，is very popular
2、 among the students(从句形式) 3The research is so designed that once it _(begin) nothing can be done to change itThe research is so designed that once _(begin) nothing can be done to change it4Generally speaking, when it _( take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. Generally speaki
3、ng, when _( take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. 5.A cool rain was falling (mix) with snow causing heavy traffic6. The No. 5 subway line, (open) in October, 2007, has greatly improved the traffic conditions in Beijing.7. Some medicine, when wrongly (take), can kill a perso
4、n.8. From the school name (mark) on the package, we guessed that it might belong to a student of our school.9. How are they getting on with their work? All goes well as ( plan).10.He was seated in the corner of the room, _(lose) in thought. 根据句子结构，用括号中单词的适当形式完成句子1.Once _ (recover), he threw himself
5、into his work and made every effort to do it well.2.If_ (translate) word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.3.After a night _ (spend) in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.4.He walked up and down, _ (lose) in thought.5.Sus
6、an seldom speaks in class until _ (speak) to.6. Without anything _ (leave) in the kitchen, the Wangs decided to eat out.【答案】.1. invited; were invited. 2. opened; which was opened。3. is begun; begun。4. is taken ;taken。5mixed 6. opened 7taken 8. marked 9. planned 10.lost . 1.recovered 2. translated 3.
7、spent 4.lost 5.spoken 6. left一、过去分词过去分词有两大特点：一是表被动的概念；二是表动作已完成。过去分词在句中可用作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语等成分。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。过去分词的逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者，与逻辑主语构成被动关系。区别:现在分词表示“主动和进行 ”, 过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动, 只表示完成) 。二、过去分词作状语的用法过去分词或过去分词短语常用于以下几种状语：时间状语 可用于时间状语从句，也可在过去分词前加上连词“when ，while ，until” 等，使其时间意义更明确1
8、）Seen from the hill ，the park looks very beautiful.= When it is seen from the hill，the parks are very beautiful.从山上看，这个公园非常美丽2）Dont speak until spoken to.=Dont speak until you are spoken to.当别人和你讲话时，你才能讲话原因状语 可用于原因状语从句或并列结构 Touched by his teachers words，the boy cried.=The boy was touched by his teac
9、hers words, so he cried.这个男孩被老师的话打动了，所以他哭了条件状语 可加连词 if，unless 等转换成条件状语从句。Given more time，we could do it much better. =If we were given more time，we could do it much better.多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好让步状语 有时可加 although，though ，even if，even though，whether.or 等连词转换成让步状语从句Though warned of the storm，the farmers were
10、 still working in the fields.=Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.虽然农民们已被告知将有风暴，但他们仍然在地里干活。方式伴随状语 加 and 可转换成并列结构 The teacher entered the classroom，followed by a group of his students.=The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group
11、of his students.老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生三、学习过去分词作定语时，注意过去分词所在的位置作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来, 因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况, 一般作前置定语, 不表被动意义, 只表示主动意义, 强调动作完成。例如: fallen leaves 落叶 the risen sun 升起的太阳He is a teacher loved by his students.他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。 单独的过去分词作定语 常常置于其所修饰的名词前You should improve your spoken English过去分词
12、短语作定语 常常置于其所修饰的名词后He is a teacher respected by all his students.不及物动词的过去分词作定语 当与其所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，必须在该动词后使用必要的介词。He is the student laughed at by all people just now.过去分词作宾语补足语1. I found my wallet （steal）. 2. I heard the song （sing） for a few times.3. We saw the thief （catch） by the policeman. 4. Pe
13、ople found the water （pollute）.5. We have made our ideas （know） by them. 6. I saw an old man （knock）down.7. The teacher doesnt want such questions （discuss）in the class. 8. We found that girl （seat） there alone.9. Tom found his brothers clothes （wear） by him. / Tom found him （wear） his brothers clot
14、hes.10. With the work （finish）, they went out to play. 11. You should have your clothes （wash）.12. I want to have the house （paint ）white.13. You should try to make yourself （understand）by others. 14. Its too noisy to make myself （hear ） by others.15. Youd better to have your body （check） when you a
15、re free.过去分词作宾语补足语的意义：过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语的状态或性质，宾语是其逻辑主语，一般是过去分词动作的承受者，即逻辑上的被动关系。1）I saw his eyes fixed on me with curiosity. 我看见他的眼睛盯着我，充满了好奇。解析：过去分词 fixed 的用法是易错处。fix 译成“盯着”，一些同学会误认为 “眼睛正盯着”为什么用 fixed，而不用 fixing 呢？实际上，应该是“I fixed my eyes on.”，即“ 我让我的眼睛盯着 .”，所以变成被动时应该是“My eyes are fixed on.”，所以用过去分词作宾语
16、补足语，表示被动。另外，这里过去分词不表示完成的动作，而表示状态。再如：The glass is broken. 此句中 broken 表示 摔碎的状态。还要注意不能用 being fixed，因为 being f ixed 表示瞬间的动作，而没有表示出过程。2）We want the work finished by Saturday. 我们想要工作周六前完成。解析：想要工作被完成，用 finished。要分析宾语与补足语间的主被动关系。3）She heard the front door shut. 她听见前门被关上了。解析：shut 的三个形式（原形、过去式、过去分词）一样，此处 shu
17、t 是过去分词，因为是人关上了门。4）We found the house deserted. 我们发现这所房子被废弃了。解析：desert 意为“抛弃、遗弃” ，Somebody deserts the house. 因此是.the house deserted.5）I felt myself called upon to do something to help. 我感觉我被召唤着要做点事情来帮忙。 来源:学_科_网解析：我感觉我自己被别人或者一种神秘的力量感召着，来做事情。因此是“被叫”。从上述的例子来看，作宾语补足语的过去分词大多数来自及物动词，强调被动或完成。但也有少数来自不及物动词
18、，强调动作完成后的状态。 What are you going to do with everyone gone? 大家都走了，你怎么办？能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词，如：see, hear, feel, watch, notice；think（认为）, consider, find 等We saw the thief caught by the police. 我看见小偷被警察抓住了。We thought the game lost. 我们认为球赛输了。2. 表示“致使” 或 “保持某状态”意义的动词，如： make, get, have, keep, lea
19、ve 等。Dont leave such an important thing undone. 不要让这么重要的事没有人做。He had his hat blown away on his way home. 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。3. 表示“希望、要求、命令 ”等动词，如： want, wish, like, expect, order 等I want the house white-washed before we move in. 我想要房子在我搬进去之前粉刷完。He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting. 他不喜欢在会上讨论这样的问题。
