1、Greco-Roman Mythology VII,The Trojan War,Question,Which one would you like to choose, wealth, wisdom, and a beauty?How much do you know about the Trojan War?Did the Trojan War really take place?,Was this the face that launched a thousand ships, and burnt the topless towers of Illium? 就是这张脸让千艘战船开拔，使特
2、洛伊无顶的塔楼化为灰烬？ Christopher Marlowe,The Trojan War: Facts or Fiction,The extent of the appeal which the story of Troy has exercised over successive generations is demonstrated by the efforts of countless historains, archarologists and romantic ethusiasts to establish the historical basis of the Trojan
3、War and to discover the site of Troy. Today it is generally agreed that the site was correctly identified in the late 19th century by Heinrich Schliemann as the mound of Hissarlik on the north-west coast of Turkey.,The Trojan War is the single most important episode to have survived from Greek mytho
4、logy and legend. The events which led up to the actual war and those which followed are combined in the group of stories known as the Trojan Cycle. Some are known from the Iliad伊利亚特, the Odyssey奥德赛, and the Aeneid埃涅阿斯纪.,The City of Troy,The setting-up To be protected by Athena and Zeus Zeus shot dow
5、n a sacred image of Pallas Athena from heaven to Dardanus, the founder of Troy. Poseidon and Apollo buit the city wall To be abandoned by Poseidon, Apollo, Athena and Hera To be destroyed,A Secret Concerning Thetis,Zeuss Punishment on Prometheus(fire and sacrifices). Unbounded Prometheus Explanation
6、 1: saved by Hercules Explanation 2: information exchange with Zeus a secret concerning Thetis,Thetiss Wedding and the Apple of Discord,Thetis at first resisted the advances of Peleus, but she had to submit eventually. All the gods are invited except Eris. In the middle of the feast, she threw among
7、 the guests the apple of discord, inscribed “for the fairest”. The apple was claimed by Hera, Athena and Venus.,Judgment of Paris,Paris son of Priam, king of Troy and Hecuba, his wife. Prophecy about him to be discarded He was rescued by shepherds. Hermes(Mercury) led the three goddesses to him for
8、judgement. Herawealth and power; Athenamilitary prowess and wisdom; Venus the most beautiful woman in the world Paris was recognized by his parents.,The Abduction of Helen,Helen daughter of Zeus and Leda. Many kings and nobleman had wished to marry her. Tyndareus, her mortal father, made all the see
9、kers swear to abide by Helens choice and to come to the aid of her husband if she should ever be abducted. Helen married Menelaus, king of Sparta,Pariss mission,To save his aunt, his fathers elder sister. To be welcomed by Menelaus. To fall in love with Helen(mother of Hermione) To bring Helen and t
10、reasure away, ignoring his original mission.,Paris and Helen,The Expedition Sets Sail,Menelaus summoned all Helens former suitors, and all other kings and noblemen of Greece to help him fetch his wife. Some of the heroes were unwilling to join. Odysseusmadhis infant son Achillesdisguised girlmarried
11、(a son)weapon The greatest heroes are Agamemnon, Menelaus, Odysseus, Aias埃阿斯, Diomedes狄俄墨得斯, Achilles. Sacrifice: Agamemnons daughter, Iphigeneia,The Wrath of Achilles,The story of the Iliad is, in fact, the story of Achilles, and of his quarrel with Agamemnon. At the openning, the Greeks had alread
12、y been at Troy for nine years.Agamemnon, as his share of the booty from a raid in which Achilles had played the leading part, had been allotted agirl named Chryseis. Her father, priest of Apollo, asked for the daughter back. Agamemnonreluctantquarrel with Achillesto set back Chryseis, but to take aw
13、at Briseis, Achilless slave-girl.,A Surprise Attack upon the Trojan at night The Death of Patroclus and Achilless Revenge The Return of Hectors body,The Death of Achilles,Achilles died from a heel wound as the result of an arrow, possibly poisoned, shot by Paris. His mother, Thetis, had dipped the i
14、nfant Achilles in the river Styx, holding onto him by his heel.,and he became invulnerable where the waters touched him - that is, everywhere but the areas covered by her thumb and forefinger - implying that only a heel wound could have been his downfall. Thetis was scared and fled out of fear. This
15、 possibly coincides with the story that Thetis left Achilles at a very young age. The use of “Achilles heel” as an expression used for “area of weakness, vulnerable spot”,The Judgment of Achilles Armor and the suicide of Ajax,With the hero fallen, Ajax held back the Trojans, while Odysseus carried t
16、he body away. When Achilles Armour was offered to the smartest warrior, the two that had save his body became competing candidates. Agamemnon, unwilling to take the duty, referred to the decision of the Trojan prisoners. Odysseus won. Ajaxin griefto suicide,Three Conditions for the capture of Troy,1
17、. the presence of Achilless son Neoptolemus2. the acquisition of Heracless bow3. the Trojan Palladium-Diomedes and Odysseus disguised themselves as beggars and stole it out of Troy.,The Trojan Horse,The Trojan Horse refers to the stratagem that allowed the Greeks to finally enter the city of Troy du
18、ring the Trojan War. After a fruitless 10-year siege of Troy, the Greeks built a huge figure of a horse, in which a select force of men hid. The Greeks pretended to sail away, and the Trojans pulled the Horse into their city as a victory trophy. That night the Greek force crept out of the Horse and opened the gates for the rest of the Greek army, which had sailed back under cover of night. The Greek army entered and destroyed the city, decisively ending,Agamemnon,
