1、Module 4,GRAMMAR,Carnival,1.我已经修好了电脑。2.我们打败了敌人。3.麦克打破了窗户。4.你不能把书带出阅览室。5.所有人都嘲笑他。6.我们必须马上完成这项工作。7.20世纪60年代，人们在戈壁滩上发现了恐龙蛋。8.Vivian 锁上了门。,Who wrote this book?,=This book _by Cao Xueqin.,was written,Cao Xueqin wrote this book.,What is the man doing?,He is feeding a dog.,= A dog _ by him.,is being fed,Wa
2、it a moment. My mother is cooking lunch.People were hunting the wolf everywhere last year.,Wait a moment. Lunch is being cooked by my mother.,The wolf was being hunted everywhere last year.,Venice is visited by tourists from all over the world. Many of the carnival masks are made by trained artists.
3、 Parties were given by rich people every day for a month. Carnival was taken to South America by the Portuguese and the Spanish. The Notting Hill Carnival was created by the West Indian community in London.,6. Carnival is enjoyed by millions of people today. 7. This song will be taught on the radio.
4、 8. The books have been returned to the library. 9. The work had been finished before they went home. 10. Trees are being planted at this moment. 11. Windows were being cleaned at that time.,被动语态的构成,由助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词（V-ed）构成，助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。,英语语态,语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态动词的
5、主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态动词的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。,A 一般现在时被动 am / is / are + done,B 一般过去时被动 was / were + done,D 现在进行时被动 am / is / are + being done,F 现在完成时被动 have / has + been done,C 一般将来时被动 will / be going to + be done,H 含情态动词被动 情态动词 + be done,E 现在进行时被动 was/were + being done,G 现在完成
6、时被动 had + been done,被动语态的使用要点,不及物动词不能用于被动语态,及物动词才有被动语态, 如 happen, take place, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, occur, remain, succeed, start等没有被动语态。例如: Great changes have been taken place in my hometown. () Great changes have taken place in my hometown. (),2. 表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态英语中。有些动词(短语动词)不是表示动作, 而是表
7、示某种状态或情况, 如“拥有、容纳、适合、明白“等意, 这类词不能用于被动语态, 常见的有: lack, mean, hold, have, become, last, cost, consist of, look like等。如: The new stadium can be held 5,000 people. () The new stadium can hold 5,000 people. (),3. 主动形式表示被动意义的词 (1)某些感官动词和系动词加形容词可以表 示被动意义, 常见的有:look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等。如
8、:Your idea sounds great.,(2) 某些行为动词后加副词(有些可不加副词)也可以表示被动意义, 常见的有: wash, write, sell, read, handle, keep, pay等。如:The meat cuts easily. The shoes wear well. (3) want, deserve, need, require, worth等词 的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。The point deserves mentioning.,4. 在主动语态中, 若动词为make, let, see, hear, watch, notice时,
9、 后接不带to的动词不定式；但是变被动语态时, 必须把省掉的to带上。例如:You should make him deal with this problem carefully.= He should be made to deal with this problem carefully.,make sb. do sth.have sb. do sth.let sb. do sth.see sb. do sth.hear sb. do sth.watch sb. do sth.notice sb. do sth.,sb. be made to do sth.,sb. be had to d
10、o sth.,sb. be let to do sth.,sb. be seen to do sth.,sb. be heart to do sth.,sb. be watched to do sth.,sb. be noticed to do sth.,5. 某些表语形容词后, 常用不定式的主动表被动。 The question is difficult to understand. 6. 当不定式作定语, 与前面的名词或代词有动宾关系时, 用不定式的主动表被动。 Have you got anything to say at the meeting?,Complete the passag
11、e using the correct form of the verbs.,1. were held,2. celebrated,3. was decided,4. wanted,5. was followed,6. was discovered,7. brought,8. were added,9. has become,10. is celebrated,11. is known,12. climbs,13. flies,14. is watched,15. are fired,1. Jackson _ to work in a government office though he h
12、ated serving there.A. had wanted B. wantedC. was wanted D. was wanting,C,2. -Did you enjoy last nights concert?-Yes, though the last piece _ rather poorly.A. played B. was played C. was playing D. playing,B,3. Come and sit down by the fire. You hands _.A. feel so cold B. is felt so coldC. fell so co
13、ldly D. felt so cold,A,4. Great changes _ in our city and some schools _ during the past 20 years.A. have taken place; have set upB. were take place; were set upC. have been taken place; have been set upD. have taken place; have been set up,D,5. The thief _ while climbing the garden wall.A. has caug
14、ht B. was caughtC. had been caught D. has been caught,B,6. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is served B. is serving C. servers D. served,A,Rewrite the sentences in the passive voice.,1. Tourists from all over the world visit Venice.,Venice is visited by tourists from all over
15、 the world.,2. Trained artists make many of the carnival masks.,Many of the carnival masks are made by trained artists.,3. Rich people gave parties every day for a month.,Parties were given every day for a month (by rich people).,4. The Portuguese and the Spanish took carnival to South America.,Carn
16、ival was taken to South America by the Portuguese and the Spanish.,5. In London the West Indian community created the Notting Hill Carnival.,The Notting Hill Carnival was created by the West India community in London.,6. Today millions of people enjoy carnival.,Carnival is enjoyed by millions of peo
17、ple today.,高考链接,The church tower which _ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. （2010上海）A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored,D,Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns. （
18、2010福建）A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised.,D,This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year. （2010湖南） A. was named B. named C. is named D. names,A,Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. （2010天津）A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited,C,In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words _. （2010北京）A. are dropped B. dropC. are being dropped D. have dropped,A,
