1、1动词时态1. 动词的定义： 动词是表示动作或状态的词。 例如： work，工作 , study，学习，eat 吃。2. 动词的分类： 1) 限定动词：限定动词在句中作谓语，有人称和数的变化。2) 非限定动词：有动词不定式，动名词和分词三种。在句中不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。3) 实义动词：有完整的词义，并能单独作谓语，实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。例如：study 学习, reach 到达, see 看见, rise 升起。4）连系动词: 在句中作谓语动词，后面跟表语。连系动词有 be, seem, look, become, get, grow, feel。5) 情态动词:
2、 表示能力，义务，必要，猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。情态动词有 can, will, have, be, should, do, would, 等6) 助动词: 只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态，语态和语气等动词形式。例如：do, shall, will, have, has. 3. 动词的基本形式：英语动词有四种基本形式：动词原形，过去式，过去分词和现在分词。这四种动词形式和助动词一起构成动词的时态，语态和语气。 1) 动词的原形。就是词典中所给的形式。例如：be, have, buy, sit. 2) 动词过去式和过去分词的构成有规则的和不规则的两种形式
3、。规则动词的过去式和过去分词，由在原形动词的后面加词尾 -ed 构成。例如：work - worked - worked. 不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的形式是不规则的，须要一一记忆。 例如：go - went - gone, do - did - done.3) 动词的现在分词由动词原形加 -ing 构成。构成方法如下： a）一般情况在动词原形后加 -ing 。例如：go-going stand-standing b）以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e ，再加 -ing. 动词是闭音节的单音节词，或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，而末尾只有一辅音字母时，这个辅音字母须双写，然后再加 ing。
4、例如：arrive- arriving get- getting.c）少数几个以 -ie 结尾的动词，须将 ie 变成 y ，再加 ing. 例如：die-dying lie-lying。 4. 动词的时态英语动词的时态是一种动词的形式。不同的动词时态用以表示不同的时间和方式。共有十六种时态。 一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时十六种时态的谓语形式 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完
5、成进行时态现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing过去将来should/would doshould/would be doingshould/would have doneshould/would have been doing2以下是几个常用的时态 一般现在
6、时：一般现在时表示经常发生的习惯性的动作或目前所处的状态。例如：We go to school every day. 我们每天去学校。在一般现在时句中，如果主语是第三人称时，动词要进行变化，变化规则如下： 1) 一般情况下，动词后面直接加 -s. 例如：works, gets, says, reads. 2) 以 ch,sh,s,x 或 o 结尾的动词，在后面加 -es。 例如：goes, teaches, washes.3) 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，把 y 变为 i 再加 -es. 例如： studies, tries, carries. 动词 have 遇有主语是第三人称单数时，h
7、ave 改为 has 例如：He has an interesting book. 他有一本有趣的书。 动词 be 遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be 改为 am 遇有主语是第二人称时，be 改为 are, 遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be 改为 is. 例如：Im a student and he is a student, too. 我是一个学生 ，他也是一个学生。 一般现在式的具体用法： 1) 表示现在，目前存在的状态，性质或经常发生的动作或习惯。一般现在时常用下列副词或短语来作时间状语：often, usually, always, sometimes , seldom, every day
8、 (week, year, night), twice a month. 例如：I often visit my teachers. 我经常看望我的老师。2) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue,start 等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。例如：The train comes at 3 oclock. 火车三点钟到。3) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。 例如：Ill help you as soon as you have problem. 只要你有困难我
9、就会帮助你。4) 一般现在时还可用在戏剧， 电影的剧本解说，体育比赛的解说以及图片的说明等场合。例如：Tom carries the ball to the left. 汤姆把球带到左方。 一般过去式: 表示过去的动作和状态。例如： I met him yesterday. 昨天我碰见了他。 一般过去式构成： 表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式变化如下： 一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed 例如：worked, played, wanted, acted 以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动
10、词词尾加 -d。例如：lived, moved, decided, wiped 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，把-y 变为-i 再加-ed 。例如：studied, tried, copied, justified, cried, carried. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed。例如：stopped, dropped, planned. 不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。再加 go - went, make - made, get - got. 一般过去式的用法： 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时
11、间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工厂工作。 一般将来式: 表示将来的动作或状态。 一般将来时的构成： shall (will) + 动词原形. 助动词 shall 用于主语是第一人称时，will 用于主语是第三人称时。 I shall attend the meeting tomorrow.我明天要参加会议。 一般将来时的否定形式是在 shall 或 will 后面加
12、 not 构成，即： shall not + 动词原形。 will not + 动词原形。 shall not 和 will not 可以分别缩写为 shant 和 wont. 例如： I shall not go to the Yingze Park next time. 下一次我不去迎泽公园了。 He wont come back this week. 这一周他不回来了。 will 用在第一人称时，表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺， 命令等。 3I will do my best to catch up with them. 我要尽力赶上他们 。 其他表示将来的句型：1）be + going +
13、 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型，表示打算，计划，最近或将来要作的某事。 I am going to Beijing next week.下周我要去北京。 2）be + 动词不定式。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。 There is to be a meeting this afternoon. 今天下午有个会。 3）be about + 动词不定式，表示马上，很快作某事。 They are about to leave. 他们就要离开。一般完成时: 一般完成时表示动作发生在过去，但与现在有关系，说明这个动作在现在的结果，例如： I have been here for two hour
14、s.我来这儿已有两个小时了。 一般完成时的构成 have (has) + 过去分词， has 用于主语是单数第三人称，其它用 have。 I have worked for ten hours today. 今天我工作了十个小时。 过去分词的构成方法如下： 一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加 -ed。例如：worked, spelled, linked. 以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加 -d。例如：moved, hoped, divided. 闭音节的单音节词，或以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 -ed。例如：stopped, regrette
15、d, dropped. 一般完成时的用法： 1) 一般完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。例如：He has gone away. 他已经走了。2) 一般完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。 一般完成时常与 for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。例如：例如： We have lived here since 1976. 从一九七六以来，我们就住在这儿。 一般进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作。例如：We are working now. 我们正在工作。 一般进行时的构成： be + 现在分词。例如：Its raining hard. 雨下的很大。
16、现在分词的构成方法如下： 1) 一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加 -ing. 例如：going, asking, finding, working.2) 以不发音的-e 结尾的动词，去 -e ，再加-ing。例如：coming, taking, firing.3) 闭音节的单音节词，或以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 -ing. 例如：sitting, running, getting. 一般进行时的用法： 1) 一般进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作， 它注重现在正在进行的动作，而不管动作从什么时间开始，到什么时间结束。 Wh
17、at are you doing now? 你在干什么呢? 2) 一般进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作，也许此时此刻这个动作并没有进行。 The students are preparing for the examination. 学生们正在作考试准备。 3) 某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有 arrive, come, leave, start 等。They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow. 他们明天要去香港。 过去完成时：表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和 by , before 等词组成的短语
18、和从句连用。 过去完成时的构成： had + 过去分词. 例如： We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year. 到去年年底我们已经学了2000 个单词。 将来完成时：表示将来某一时刻或某一时刻之前完成的动作或所处的状态。 4将来完成时的构成： shall (will) + have + 过去分词 After we finish this text, well have learned twenty texts.这课课文结束后，我们就学了二十课课文了。 过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动
19、作，过去进行时常和表示过去时的时间状语词组或从句连用。 过去进行时的构成：were (was) + 动词现在分词. 例如： He was reading last night. 昨天晚上他正在看书。 将来进行时: 表示将来某一段时间正在进行的动作或有可能发生或预计要发生的动作。 将来进行时的构成：shall (will) + be + 现在分词例如：What will you be doing next week?下一星期你在干什么？时态练习：1( )1 -He came early this morning, didnt he?-Yes, he did. He often_ to schoo
20、l early.A. come B. comes C. came D. has come( )2 Ann _ her hair every week.A. is going to wash B. wash C. washes D. is washing( )3 They usually_TV in the evening.A. watch B. will watch C. are watching D. watches( )4 The sun _ in the east and_ in the west.A. raises; set B. rise; sets C. rises; sets D
21、. rises; set( )5 Miss Gao_ English on the radio every morning.A. had studied B. studies C. study D. studied( )6 Our teacher will return by the time schoolA. will begin B. began C. is beginning D. begins2( ) 1 -I usually have milk and bread for breakfast. What about you, Jim?-So do I, but my sister _
22、.A. hasnt B. doesnt C. didnt D. wont( ) 2 -That ten pound note belongs to me.-_A. Yes, it belongs B. No, it doesnt C. Yes, it is D. No, it isnt( ) 3 She will go if it _ tomorrow.A. isnt rain B. dont rain C. doesnt rain D. didnt rain3( ) 1 -_ they often _ these old men?-Yes, they_.A. Do; help; are B.
23、Are; helping; are C. Do; help; do D. Are; helped; are( ) 2 -_ he _ to work on foot?-Yes, he_.A. Do; go; do B. Does; go; does C. Is; going; does D. Does; go; is( ) 3 _ you _ some speaking in English every day? A.Is; speaking B.Do; do C. Do; does D. Does; do4( ) 1 How _ it in English?A. you say B. do
24、you say C. to speak D. about talk( ) 2 _ you _ to school every day?A. When; go B. When do; go . C. When did; go D. Does; go( ) 3 _ the girl _to school?A. Where does; go B. How do; go C. How does; goes D. How does; go5( ) 1 _ you _ how to get the bus stop?A. Have; know B. Do; know C. Are; knowing D.
25、/; know( ) 2 I _ what the old man said is right.A. am thinking B. is thought C. think D. thought( ) 3 These little boys_ playing football.A. are liking B. like C. likes D. were liking6( ) 1 We wont go to the Great Wall if it _ tomorrow.A. snows B. snowed C. snow D. will snow( ) 2 We wont come back u
26、ntil we _ the work.A.shall finish B. have finishedC. will finish D. finish( ) 3 Could you ring me up as soon as he _?A. arrived B. would arrive C. arrives D. will arrive( ) 4 I will not help you with your English if I _ time tomorrow.A. dont have B. will not have C. am not D. wont( ) 5 The next time
27、 you _ his parents, tell them I want to see them as soon as possible.A. meet B. will meetC. are going to meet D. met( ) 6 The key will be left on the table when I _.A. left B. leave C. will leave D. am leaving( ) 7 When you _ used to the weather here, you will _ this place.5A. will get; like B. have
28、 got; like C. get; liked D. get; will like7( ) 1Our classes_at7: 30 tomorrow morning. A.begin B. begins C. is beginning D. were beginning( ) 2 The train _ at five this afternoon.A. leave B. leaving C. leaves D. are leaving( ) 3 Next month my father _ to China from America.A.returns B.are returning C
29、. are going to return D. would return8( ) 1 Look, in_our maths teacher.A. is coming B. came C. come D. comes( ) 2 -Have you seen my pen?A. Here is it B. Here it is C. Here they are D. Here are they( ) 3 Under the table_.A. a ball are B. is a ball C. are a ball D. has a ball9( ) 1 He lived there befo
30、re he _ to China.A. come B. comes C. came D. coming( ) 2 I _ very hard when I was young.A. study B. studied C. had studied D. shall study( ) 3 A girl _ the wallet and _.A. found; turns it in B. would find; has turned in it C. found; turned it in D. has found; turned in it( ) 4 I _ the blackboard but
31、 _ nothing on it.A. looked at; saw B. have looked; saw C. saw; looked at D. was looking at; was seeing( ) 5 I have no idea what _ while I was asleep.A. has happened B. was happened C. happened D. had happened( ) 6 He said he would help me with my maths if he free. A. was B. will be C. would be D. is
32、10( ) 1 When_to learn English?A. does she begin B. did she begin C. has she begun D. she began( ) 2 -I have finished my homework. -When _ you _ it? A. have; finished B. do; finish C. did; finish D. will; finish( ) 3 My younger brother_ the army_ 1990. A. joined; at -B. joined; in C. has joined; in D
33、. has joined; since( ) 4 The train from Tianjin _ an hour ago.A. arrived B. has arrived C. was arriving D. arrived at( ) 5 I_ my homework at about nine at night.A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish11()1 -Sorry, but your address again, please. I_catch it.-Its 28 Zhongshan Road.A.did
34、nt B. dontC.wontD. wouldnt( )2 -Did you wait for your father very long?-Yes, I _ to bed until two in the morning. A. did go B. didnt go C. had gone D. went( )3 -Tom didnt go to see the film with you last night, did he?-_A. No, he did B. No, he doesnt C. Yes, he did D. Yes, he didnt( ) 4 -Excuse me.
35、Look at the sign: NO SMOKING!-Sorry, I_it.A. dont see B. didnt see C. havent seen D. wont see12( ) 1 _ here and ask him about it yesterday?A. Did you come B. Would you not go C. You didnt come D. Arent you go( ) 2 _ he _ a good time last Sunday?A. Were; were B. Did; do C. Did; has D. Did; have( ) 3
36、The students hardly studied the English language, _ they?A. did B. didnt C. were D. werent( ) 4 -_ the bus _ just now?-Yes, but it has left.A. Has; come B. Did; come C. Is; come D. Does; come13( ) 1 He came in, _ his coat and sat down.A. took down B. took off C. taking down D. taking off( ) 2 We car
37、ried some water, dug some holes and _ to plant these trees.A. begin B. began C. beginning D. begins( ) 3 The old lady cleaned the tables, _ some dirty clothes and did some cooking.A. washing B. washed C. washes D. wash14( ) 1 When he was a child, he_ in the garden in the morning. A. always plays B.
38、always played C. plays always D. played always6() 2 He is good at maths and he _ hard.A. always study B.always is studying C.is always studying D. studies always( ) 3 Tom _ to school.A. never is late B. never come C. never comes D. is never15( ) 1 When he was young he _ swim in the river.A. used B.
39、used to C. uses D. use( ) 2 He _ at six, but now at five.A. used to get up B. used to getting upC., .used get up D. was used to get up( ) 3 The old man _out for a walk in the evening.A.used to going B.go C.is used to going D.will go16( ) 1 -My father will be here tomorrow.-Oh, I thought that he_ tod
40、ay.A. will come B. comes C. is coming D. was coming( ). 2 -He has been in the next room.-Sorry, I thought that he_ in Shanghai.A. was B. is C. will be D. has been( ) 3 Oh, you are here? I thought you_on the playground. A. ran B. runs C. are running D. run17( ) 1 -What is he doing now?-He_a picture.A
41、. draws B. drew C. is drawing D. was drawing( ) 2 Look! An elephant_this way.A. was coming B. is coming C. came D. comes( ) 3 Look! The children_kites over there.A. flew B. fly C. are flying D. were flying( )4 Be quiet! Im trying to hear what the manA. is saying B. has said C. will say D. says( )5Do
42、nt talk with each other.The baby_.A.was sleepingB is sleeppingC.was sleeppingD.is sleeping18( ) 1 When we came in, they_their lessons.A. are not doing B. werent doingC. not were doing D have done()2 My father_ his clothes,but he is repairing his car.A.doesnt wash B.isnt washing C.is washing D.wasnt
43、washing19( )1 _ you _ your homework now?A. Do; doing B. Are; doingC. Were; doing D. Does; do( )2 _ your mother _ shopping at the moment?A. Are; doing B. Is; doing C. Is; taking D. Are; taking( )3 _the children _the radio?A.Is; listening B.Is; listening to C. Are; listening to D. Are; listening20( )
44、Who _ at the door?A. do knock B. is knocking C. knock D. knocking( ) 2 What _ she_ when I entered?A. is; doing B. does; do C. was; doing D. did; do( ) 3 Which car _ he _ when the accident happened?A. is; repairing B. was; repairing C. did; repair D. does; repair21( )1 Could you tell me when_?A. he i
45、s coming B. he was comingC. will he comeD. is he coming( ) 2 I _ going to London next month.A. will think of B. am thinking of C. think of D. am thought of( ) 3 My uncle _ to see me. Hell be here soon.A. is coming B. comes C. has come D. came( ) 4 They _ uncle Wang this evening.A. is meeting B. meet
46、s C. meet D. are going to meet( ) 5 We _ for Shanghai tonight.A. are starting B. have started C. started D. start22( ) 1 Listen! Someone_ at the door of the meeting-room. A. knocked B. knocks C. is knocking D. was knocking( ) 2 The swimming pool is closed today because the workers_.A. have made repa
47、irs B. make repairs C. are making repairs D. are made repairing( ) 3 My brother _ a lot. He is reading a new magazine now.A.read B.reads C. has read D. is reading( ) 4 -Who sings best in your class? -Mary_.A. is B. will C. does D. do23( ) I My students_each other.A. are always helping B. always help
48、sC. always are helping D. help always( ) 2 How tired I am, for my little son _.A. is always crying B. cry C. never cries D. always cry( ) 3 Dont forget to bring your pen and books. You_to bring these things.A. are always forgotten B. are always forgetting C. are always forget D. forget always724( )
49、1 My father_ breakfast at home every day.A. hasnt B. isnt having C. doesnt have D. has had( ) 2 I _ supper when the boy broke in.A. has B. have C. was having D. will have( ) 3 We _ no class on Sundays.A. had B. have C. has D. are having25( ) 1 _the Blacks _TV at seven yesterday?A. Did; watch B. Are, watchingC. Were; watching D. D
