1、Summary Writing,Summary,. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.,Supporting points(s1,s2),1. Use your own wordsUse different words with the original one. Dont copy the languag
2、e.,研究背景 +研究发现 （第一句）,1.具体研究内容：对象，方法，过程，结果 2. 研究未来展望/总结 (第2-4句）,概要的构成：,2. LengthYou may use fewer words than the number prescribed(60 words), but in no case may you exceed the limit.,To make the summary brief, we should: - generalize the details - reduce the examples - simplify the descriptions - elim
3、inate all repetitions - shorten the transitions e.g. however, then, thus, yet, and (at the same time, on the other hand, etc.),要进行概述的文章体裁有哪些？ 记叙文 Narration 议论文 Argumentation 说明文 Exposition,explaining or making clear by giving details,- Divide the whole passage into _ parts Part 1:Part 2:Part 3:,Para
4、graph 1,Paragraph 2-3,Paragraph 4,background and findings,the study,further study,Tense To report the general ideas: use present tense To refer to past experiences use past tenseTo quote indirect speech use past tense,3,Part. 1 background and findings,A new study from the University of Toronto sugge
5、sts that fast food might make it harder to stop and smell the roses. Researchers pointed out that Americans have gained more and more leisure time, yet they arent any happier. The problem could be that modern conveniences make us more impatient, and therefore less able to appreciate small moments of
6、 joy.,Students version: In my opinion, the research tells us The article indicates a study from a University of Toronto A new study from the University of Toronto suggests ,Polished version: A study from the University of Toronto shows/indicates The University of Toronto makes a study/conducts a res
7、earch that .(8 words),Part. 1 background and findings Could Fast Food Make It Harder to Stop and Smell the Roses?,A new study from the University of Toronto suggests that fast food might make it harder to stop and smell the roses. Researchers pointed out that Americans have gained more and more leis
8、ure time, yet they arent any happier. The problem could be that modern conveniences make us more impatient, and therefore less able to appreciate small moments of joy.To test the theory, the University of Toronto researchers carried out a few different tests focused on fast foods, the typical Americ
9、an “symbols of the culture of impatience,” and happiness,eliminate all repetitions,Part. 1 background and findings Could Fast Food Make It Harder to Stop and Smell the Roses?,A new study from the University of Toronto suggests that fast food might make it harder to stop and smell the roses. Research
10、ers pointed out that Americans have gained more and more leisure time, yet they arent any happier. The problem could be that modern conveniences make us more impatient, and therefore less able to appreciate small moments of joy.To test the theory, the University of Toronto researchers carried out a
11、few different tests focused on fast foods, the typical American “symbols of the culture of impatience,” and happiness,fast food_ appreciate small moments of joy,use your own words,will prevent us,enjoying things,因果关系,so we will be less happy , thus making us less happy,/affects our ability to,enjoy
12、things,Students version because of fast food, people cant enjoy things. fast food makes people unhappy, fast food will prevent people enjoying things,+结果,so we will be less happy/thus making us less happy,+原因,because people cant enjoy things,Polished version: A study from the University of Toronto i
13、ndicates that fast food will prevent people enjoying things, thus making us less happy. (21 words),Para. 2 the study,In one of the tests, reserchers told 257 people to rate pictures based on whether they were suitable for ads. Participants saw a series of pictures. One group saw fast food in regular
14、 packaging while the other group saw the same food set out on ceramic tableware(瓷器餐具）. Afterward, some of the Participants were shown photographs of “scenic natural beauty” and then were asked to rate their happiness. Others rated their happiness without seeing the pictures. The researchers found th
15、at people who saw the fast food before viewing the nature photos tended to rate their happiness lower. Yet those who simply rated their happiness without seeing the nature shots beforehand were actually a little happier if theys seen fast food in advance. Researchers said that suggests fast food doe
16、snt directly cause unhappiness but decreases the ability to enjoy things.,研究对象、方法、过程、结果,Para. 2 the study,In one of the tests, researchers told 257 people to people who saw the fast food before viewing the nature photos tended to rate their happiness lower. Yet those who simply rated their happiness
17、 without seeing the nature shots beforehand were actually a little happier if theys seen fast food in advance.,Students version: They found that fast food prevent people becoming happy. Different groups were given fast food in different packaging and they were asked to rate their happiness.,Omit the
18、 repetition,Details not main points,研究对象、方法、过程、结果,omit the details,In one of the tests, reserchers told 257 people to people who saw the fast food before viewing the nature photos tended to rate their happiness lower. Yet those who simply rated their happiness without seeing the nature shots beforeh
19、and we,Students version: Researchers separated 257 people to two groups. One group saw fast food before seeing the nature pictures while others didnt. As a result those who didnt see natural photos would be happier. re actually a little happier if theys seen fast food in advance.,Checklist Is the la
20、nguage brief ? Do you use your own words as far as possible?,Among the 257 people,those who saw/seeing would be less happy than those who didnt,Para. 2 the study,In one of the tests, reserchers told 257 people to people who saw the fast food before viewing the nature photos tended to rate their happ
21、iness lower. Yet those who simply rated their happiness without seeing the nature shots beforehand were actually a little happier if theys seen fast food in advance. Researchers said that suggests fast food doesnt directly cause unhappiness but decreases the ability to enjoy things.,Students version
22、 People who saw the fast food before viewing the nature photoes rate their happiness lower than those who didnt.,研究对象、方法、过程、结果,Checklist Is the language brief ? Does the summary include the main points ? Do you use your own words as far as possible? Are all the mistakes in spelling and grammar corre
23、cted ?,In one test, among the 257 participants,those who saw the nature photoes after seeing fast food,photos,rated,26words,Para. 3 further study,Researchers cautioned, however, that much more research was needed to determine exactly how fast food and happiness are correlated(相互关系) and how strong th
24、e relationship really is.,Checklist Are transitional words used ? Do you use your own words ?,confirm,- eliminate all repetitions,the findings,But researchers said more research was needed to confirm the findings. ( 11 words ),Whose opinions?,said,but,Summary,A study from the University of Toronto s
25、hows fast food prevents people enjoying things, , thus making them less happy. In one test, among the 257 participants, those who saw pictures of natural beauty after being shown fast food rated their happiness lower than those who didnt. But researchers said more research was needed to confirm the findings. (57 words),替换词,suggest and therefore appreciate small moments make it harder for sb to do make sb less able to however determine,show / indicate ,thus doing enjoy thingsprevent sb doingaffect the ability to but confirm,原文,
