1、TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION DEFINITION AND DETERMINATION OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE LEVELS DEP 01.00.01.30-Gen. October 1995 (DEP Circular 06/97 has been incorporated) DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE This document is confidential. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed to any
2、third party without the prior written consent of Shell International Oil Products B.V. and Shell International Exploration and Production B.V., The Hague, The Netherlands. The copyright of this document is vested in these companies. All rights reserved. Neither the whole nor any part of this documen
3、t may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic, recording or otherwise) without the prior written consent of the copyright owners. DEP 01.00.01.30-Gen. October 1995 Page 2 PREFACE DEP (Design and Engineering Practi
4、ce) publications reflect the views, at the time of publication, of: Shell International Oil Products B.V. (SIOP) and Shell International Exploration and Production B.V. (SIEP) and Shell International Chemicals B.V. (SIC) The Hague, The Netherlands, and other Service Companies. They are based on the
5、experience acquired during their involvement with the design, construction, operation and maintenance of processing units and facilities, and they are supplemented with the experience of Group Operating companies. Where appropriate they are based on, or reference is made to, national and internation
6、al standards and codes of practice. The objective is to set the recommended standard for good design and engineering practice applied by Group companies operating an oil refinery, gas handling installation, chemical plant, oil and gas production facility, or any other such facility, and thereby to a
7、chieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization. The information set forth in these publications is provided to users for their consideration and decision to implement. This is of particular importance where DEPs may not cover every requirement or diversity of condition at each lo
8、cality. The system of DEPs is expected to be sufficiently flexible to allow individual operating companies to adapt the information set forth in DEPs to their own environment and requirements. When Contractors or Manufacturers/Suppliers use DEPs they shall be solely responsible for the quality of wo
9、rk and the attainment of the required design and engineering standards. In particular, for those requirements not specifically covered, the Principal will expect them to follow those design and engineering practices which will achieve the same level of integrity as reflected in the DEPs. If in doubt
10、, the Contractor or Manufacturer/Supplier shall, without detracting from his own responsibility, consult the Principal or its technical advisor. The right to use DEPs is granted by SIOP, SIEP or SIC, in most cases under Service Agreements primarily with companies of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group and o
11、ther companies receiving technical advice and services from SIOP, SIEP or SIC. Consequently, three categories of users of DEPs can be distinguished: 1) Operating companies having a Service Agreement with SIOP, SIEP, SIC or other Service Company. The use of DEPs by these Operating companies is subjec
12、t in all respects to the terms and conditions of the relevant Service Agreement. 2) Other parties who are authorized to use DEPs subject to appropriate contractual arrangements. 3) Contractors/subcontractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers under a contract with users referred to under 1) or 2) which req
13、uires that tenders for projects, materials supplied or - generally - work performed on behalf of the said users comply with the relevant standards. Subject to any particular terms and conditions as may be set forth in specific agreements with users, SIOP, SIEP and SIC disclaim any liability of whats
14、oever nature for any damage (including injury or death) suffered by any company or person whomsoever as a result of or in connection with the use, application or implementation of any DEP, combination of DEPs or any part thereof. The benefit of this disclaimer shall inure in all respects to SIOP, SI
15、EP, SIC and/or any company affiliated to these companies that may issue DEPs or require the use of DEPs. Without prejudice to any specific terms in respect of confidentiality under relevant contractual arrangements, DEPs shall not, without the prior written consent of SIOP and SIEP, be disclosed by
16、users to any company or person whomsoever and the DEPs shall be used exclusively for the purpose for which they have been provided to the user. They shall be returned after use, including any copies which shall only be made by users with the express prior written consent of SIOP and SIEP. The copyri
17、ght of DEPs vests in SIOP and SIEP. Users shall arrange for DEPs to be held in safe custody and SIOP or SIEP may at any time require information satisfactory to them in order to ascertain how users implement this requirement. All administrative queries should be directed to the DEP Administrator in
18、SIOP. NOTE: In addition to DEP publications there are Standard Specifications and Draft DEPs for Development (DDDs). DDDs generally introduce new procedures or techniques that will probably need updating as further experience develops during their use. The above requirements for distribution and use
19、 of DEPs are also applicable to Standard Specifications and DDDs. Standard Specifications and DDDs will gradually be replaced by DEPs. DEP 01.00.01.30-Gen. October 1995 Page 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 SCOPE4 1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS .4 1.3 DEFINITIO
20、NS .4 1.3.1 General definitions 41.3.2 Specific definitions and abbreviations.4 1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES .52. GENERAL INFORMATION6 3. PRESSURE SYSTEM 7 4. TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE LEVELS8 4.1 TEMPERATURE.84.1.1 Operating temperature (OT) .8 4.1.2 Maximum operating temperature (MOT) 8 4.1.3 Design temper
21、ature (DT) 8 4.1.4 Emergency design temperature (EDT) .9 4.1.5 Lower design temperature (LDT)9 4.2 PRESSURE 104.2.1 Pressures in process design and in mechanical pressure system design .10 4.2.1.1 Operating pressure (OP).10 4.2.1.2 Maximum operating pressure (MOP)10 4.2.1.3 Design pressure (DP) .10
22、4.2.1.3.1 Vapour and vapour-liquid systems protected by relief valves 10 4.2.1.3.2 Vapour and vapour-liquid systems protected by bursting disks .12 4.2.1.3.3 Liquid-full systems 12 4.2.1.3.4 Shell-and-tube heat exchangers.12 4.2.1.4 Lower design pressure (LDP) .13 4.2.1.5 Maximum allowable working p
23、ressure (MAWP) .13 4.2.2 Pressures in design of relief systems / devices 13 4.2.2.1 Set pressure (SP) .13 4.2.2.2 Overpressure 13 4.2.2.3 Accumulation.14 4.2.2.4 Relief pressure (RP) .14 4.2.2.5 Blow-down.14 4.2.2.6 Specified minimum bursting pressure (SminBP) 14 4.2.2.7 Specified maximum bursting p
24、ressure (SmaxBP) 14 4.2.2.8 Nominal bursting pressure (NBP) .14 4.2.2.9 Back-pressure (BP).14 4.2.2.10 Built-up back-pressure (BBP) .14 4.2.2.11 Superimposed back-pressure (SBP) 14 5. REFERENCES .15 DEP 01.00.01.30-Gen. October 1995 Page 4 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 SCOPE This DEP, which is a revision of a
25、n earlier DEP with the same title and number dated October 1985, defines a consistent terminology for the various temperature and pressure terms used in design and operation. Use of this terminology will facilitate communication between process designers and mechanical designers. This DEP also gives
26、 guidelines to determine temperature and pressure levels essential for safe and efficient design and operation. The rules given in this specification do not relate to atmospheric storage tanks. 1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS Unless otherwise authorised by SIOP and SIEP,
27、 the distribution of this DEP is confined to companies forming part of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group or managed by a Group company, and to Contractors nominated by them (i.e. the distribution code is “C“ as defined in DEP 00.00.05.05-Gen.). This DEP is intended for use in oil refineries, gas plants an
28、d, where applicable in chemical plants, exploration/production and new ventures. If national and/or local regulations exist in which some of the requirements may be more stringent than in this DEP, the Contractor shall determine by careful scrutiny which of the requirements are the more stringent an
29、d which combination of requirements will be acceptable as regards safety, environmental, economic and legal aspects. In all cases the Contractor shall inform the Principal of any deviation from the requirements of this DEP which is considered to be necessary in order to comply with national and/or l
30、ocal regulations. The Principal may then negotiate with the authorities concerned with the object of obtaining agreement to follow this DEP as closely as possible. 1.3 DEFINITIONS 1.3.1 General definitions The Contractor is the party which carries out all or part of the design, engineering, procurem
31、ent, construction, commissioning or management of a project or operation of a facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor. The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party which manufactures or supplies equipment and services to perform the duties specified by the Contrac
32、tor. The Principal is the party which initiates the project and ultimately pays for its design and construction. The Principal will generally specify the technical requirements. The Principal may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act for, and on behalf of, the Principal. The word sha
33、ll indicates a requirement. The word should indicates a recommendation. 1.3.2 Specific definitions and abbreviations Other specific definitions for pressures and temperatures are detailed in (3) and (4). 1. The term intended operation used in this DEP means that the process conditions, i.e. temperat
34、ure, pressure, flow, fluid compositions, etc., are stable and in accordance with the process design. 2. Pressure relief valve used in this DEP is a generic term for relief valves, safety valves or safety/relief valves. DEP 01.00.01.30-Gen. October 1995 Page 5 3. Pressure relief device used in this D
35、EP is a generic term for pressure relief valves, bursting disks, or other mechanical emergency relief appliances. 1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES Where cross-references to other parts of this DEP are made, the referenced section number is shown in brackets. Other documents referenced by this DEP are listed in
36、(5.). DEP 01.00.01.30-Gen. October 1995 Page 6 2. GENERAL INFORMATION Equipment and piping systems shall be designed such that mechanical integrity is maintained under all coincident process temperature and pressure conditions to which these systems can be exposed. The installation shall be able to
37、withstand the most unfavourable expected temperature and pressure combinations during starting-up, normal operation and shutting-down. If an installation or part thereof is designed for different feedstocks, or if periodic regeneration processes have to be carried out, the associated maximum and min
38、imum operating temperatures with the coincident pressures shall be determined for each process condition. NOTE: The coinciding pressure and temperature combination for the determination of wall thickness can be different from the temperature to be used for material selection. To accommodate these re
39、quirements, adequate pressure and temperature margins are specified between the most stringent coincident operating conditions and the mechanical design levels. In addition, the installation shall remain safe under abnormal operating conditions caused by, for example, malfunctioning of instrumentati
40、on, incorrect operation, utility failure, external fire, liquid heated by solar radiation, emergency conditions, etc. If the mechanical design levels can be exceeded under such abnormal conditions the equipment shall be protected by pressure relief devices. Only in cases where the application of pre
41、ssure relief devices is either impossible or impractical may instrumented protective functions be considered, subject to the approval of the Principal. DEP 01.00.01.30-Gen. October 1995 Page 7 3. PRESSURE SYSTEM A pressure system is a system which, within its boundaries, is open. A pressure system c
42、onsists of process equipment, such as columns, heat exchangers, vessels, etc., interconnected by piping with no valves (except non-return valves in certain situations, see 4.2.1.3.1). A pressure system may be protected by only one (set of) relief valve(s), provided it is ensured that the system, wit
43、hin its boundaries, remains open under all conditions. However, a pressure system is considered not to be open within its boundaries if the flow under maximum relief conditions exceeds three times the normal operating mass flow unless it can be demonstrated that blockage due to freezing, solidificat
44、ion, fouling, sublimation, damage of internals, scale, debris, illicit objects, etc. cannot occur. From a protection standpoint, the pressure relief device assembly should be located in the part that is nearest to the source of overpressure, usually the upstream section. NOTE: In case a pressure sys
45、tem has been defined along the above requirements, it does not automatically result in identical design pressures for all parts of equipment. After assessing the most unfavourable pressure profile over the open connections between equipment whilst the system is under maximum relief conditions, the d
46、esign pressure for each piece of equipment in the pressure system shall be established. In this case the pressure in any part of the pressure system shall never exceed the equipment design pressure. DEP 01.00.01.30-Gen. October 1995 Page 8 4. TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE LEVELS 4.1 TEMPERATURE 4.1.1 Ope
47、rating temperature (OT) The OT is the temperature which exists inside equipment and piping during any intended operation. The OT is determined by the process engineer. In many cases temperatures different from those required for the intended operation can occur, e.g. during starting-up, shutting-dow
48、n, drying, regeneration, steam-air decoking, heating-up to maximum ambient temperature, including solar radiation, fouling of heat exchangers, failure of cooling medium and heat exchanger by-passing, etc. The question whether such a temperature should be specified and taken as the operating temperat
49、ure, the maximum operating temperature (see 4.1.2), or the emergency design temperature (see 4.1.4) shall be considered individually and the reason for the specification shall be stated in the pertaining documents. 4.1.2 Maximum operating temperature (MOT) Amended per Circular 06/97 The MOT is the h
50、ighest temperature which provides sufficient flexibility for the control of the intended operation. In many cases this flexibility is not required and in those cases the MOT is equal to the OT. For pressurised LPG storage facilities the MOT is either the maximum temperature on product receipt into s
