1、Newtons Contribution,1. Brife Introduction2. Newtons main Contribution 3. Conclusion,Introduction,Isaac Newton （25 December 1642 20 March 1726/27） was one of the leading figures of the scientific revolution in the seventeenth century. Considered one of the greatest scientists who ever lived, Newton
2、devoted his life to the study of the natural world, discovering the laws of gravity and motion, analyzing light,and developing the mathematics of calculus（微积分）.,1. the discovery of gravitational theory and classic mechanic（经典力学）,2.The invention of calculus,3.Optics,Newtons main Contribution,1. the d
3、iscovery of gravitational theory and classic mechanic,Newton said shortly before his death that it was seeing an apple fall in his mothers garden that set him thinking “that the power of gravity . was not limited to a certain distance from the earth but that this power must extend much farther than
4、was usually thought.,Why not as high as the moon . and if so that must influence her motion and perhaps retain her in her orbit.“ This brainstorm（突来的灵感） (which some scholars suspect Newton may have invented late in life) ultimately led to his law of universal gravitation(万有引力定律).,On the basis sketch
5、ed Newton succeeded in explaining the motions of the planets, moons, comets, down to fine details as well as the ebb(衰退) and flow of the tides and the precessional movement of the Earththis last a deductive achievement of particular brilliance. It was, no doubt, especially impressive to learn that t
6、he cause of the movements of the heavenly bodies is identical with the force of gravity so familiar to us from everyday experience.,To these Newton added, in the Principia, two general principles of space and time, many careful explanations, and much else besides. Allof this went into his classic ex
7、planation of how the universe works, otherwise known as Newtonian mechanics. (牛顿力学),When Newton began to muse on the problem of the motion of the planets and what kept them in their orbits around the sun, he realized that the mathematics of the day werent sufficient to the task. Properties such as d
8、irection and speed, by their very nature, were in a continuous state of flux, constantly changing with time and exhibiting varying rates of change. So he invented a new branch of mathematics, which he called the fluxions (later known as calculus（微积分）).,2、The invention of calculus,Calculus has a very
9、 wide range of applications, such as the calculation of the accelerated speed and the slope(斜率) of the curve（曲线） . the application of integral calculation including the calculation of area, volume, arc length, quality , work and pressure. More advanced applications include power series and Fourier s
10、eries and so on.,The invention of calculus,3.Optics,The standard telescope of Newtons time, the refracting telescope, was not ideal. Its glass lenses focused the different colors inherent in light at different distances. This resulted, at the edges of any bright objects seen through the telescope, i
11、n colored fringes that rendered those objects slightly out of focus. Newton solved the “chromatic aberration“ problem by using mirrors instead of lenses. After presenting his scope to the Royal Society, the then-unknown Newton was proposed for membership; he later served as its president for 24 year
12、s, until his death in 1727.,A replica of the six-inchreflecting telescope that Newtonpresented to the Royal Society in 1671 Enlarge,Not long after he donated his telescope to the Royal Society, Newton delivered a paper to that august body about his novel theory of light and colors. Using prisms and
13、his usual very exacting experimental technique, Newton had discovered that sunlight is comprised of all the colors of the rainbow, which could not only be separated but recombined into white light. “ Though he made his experiments on light as early as 1666, when he was only 24 years old, he didnt pu
14、blish his classic Opticks, which summarized his findings on light and color, until 1704.,Newton singlehandedly contributed more to the development of science than any other individual in history. He surpassed all the gains brought about by the great scientific minds of antiquity, producing a scheme
15、of the universe which was more consistent, elegant, and intuitive than any proposed before. It is therefore no exaggeration to identify Newton as the single most important contributor to the development of modern science. The Latin inscription on Newtons tomb, despite its bombastic（夸张的） language, is thus fully justified in proclaiming, “Mortals! rejoice at so great an ornament to the human race!“ Alexander Popes couplet is also apropos: “Nature and Natures laws lay hid in night; God said, Let Newton be! and all was light.“,conclusion,Thank you!,
