1、专题限时集训二十二 任务型阅读()(对应学生用书第 159 页)A【导学号：25874078】(2017苏州高三一模 )Are we more narcissistic than ever before?Like the flower，narcissism(自恋) has continued to flourish in modern civilization, which has become such a part of culture. But narcissism in psychology is more than a single question can capture，whic
2、h really has three types of narcissism.Problems arise when people discuss narcissism without identifying the form.Grandiose(浮夸 )narcissism is the outgoing，extraverted(外向)form.The narcissistic individual believes he or she is smarter，betterlooking and more important than others.And，of course，he or sh
3、e gets special treatment for this fact.In fact，some of them can be very charming, likable and enjoy people.On the opposite side，narcissistic relationships are often not very emotionally warm or caring.Vulnerable(脆弱)narcissism is the second flavor of narcissism.It is harder to see than grandiose narc
4、issism.Vulnerable narcissists think they have the right to get special treatment and greatness but actually have low selfconfidence and are not typically extraverted.Imagine someone living in his mums small room. He spends his evenings watching The X Factor believing he should be the next famous sta
5、r singing actor.Unfortunately，he hasnt the confidence to do it and instead becomes a netizen，who posts offensive，controversial，or divisive materials on an Internet community.The third form of narcissism occurs when narcissism is extreme and causes clinically serious problems in a persons lifemarriag
6、es fall apart，friends are lost，a career is over. When this occurs narcissism can be identified as a personality disordernarcissistic personality disorder(also known as NPD), containing a mix of both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism.Can you change narcissism or NPD? There is no simple answer to th
7、is.For grandiose narcissism，what I often do is suggest practicing caring and compassion，doing what you are passionate about rather than what gets your attention and being responsible for your mistakes as well as successes.For vulnerable narcissism I would add to this list with practices that reduce
8、depression and anxiety. Develop a sense of belonging or a friendship network; participate in physical exercise; or practice a form of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings. For NPD, there is no single，scientifically affirmed treatment of choice. But pay attention to the following.First，people
9、with NPD are often reluctant to enter treatment because in their mind they do not have a problemeveryone else does. Second，it is challenging for doctors to keep individuals with NPD in treatment.Narcissism is increasing and while social media hasnt been proven to actually create narcissists，it does
10、give them a new platform to gain attention and admiration.Still，I remain optimistic that people can change if they are motivated, have the right tools, and know what type of narcissism they are dealing with.Are we more narcissistic than ever before？Current situations about narcissismNarcissism has d
11、eveloped to become a part of culture.Narcissism is more 1._ than expected in psychology.A narcissist is outgoing and socially confident，sometimes showing loveliness.A narcissist considers himself to be such an unusual person as to be treated 3._.A narcissist is often cold and likely to 4._ care in e
12、motion towards others.Vulnerable narcissism is more 5._than grandiose narcissism.A narcissist isnt actually confident though in his opinion he 6._ special things.2._of narcissism in divided typesNarcissism is quite extreme to cause serious problems in the clinic，affecting the personal life.The appro
13、aches to treating narcissism or NPDBe more considerate，do favorite things and take 7._ for whatever they do.Try to 8._ by making more friends，doing exercise and so on.Help people with NPD to realize they have problems and not to 9._ treatment.The future trendNarcissism is increasing perhaps because
14、of social media.Narcissism can be 10._ if handled actively in proper ways.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了自恋的三种类型及其治疗方法。1complicated/complex 信息转换题。根据第一段中的 “But narcissism in psychology is more than a single question can capture”可知，心理学上的自恋不仅仅是一个简单的问题，显然此处是在暗示其是“复杂的”问题，所以填complicated/complex。2Features/Characte
15、ristics 信息归纳题。根据文章第二至四段及表格右栏的内容可知，这里说的是自恋的 “特点” ，所以填 Features/Characteristics。3specially 信息转换题。根据第二段中的“he or she gets special treatment for this fact”可知，自恋者认为自己应该被 “特别地 (specially)”对待。4lack 信息转换题。根据第二段中的“On the opposite side，narcissistic relationships are often not very emotionally warm or caring”可知
16、，从相反的角度来看，自恋者之间的关系通常缺乏情感上的温暖和关怀。故填 lack。5hidden/concealed 信息归纳题。根据第三段中的“It is harder to see than grandiose narcissism”可知 ，脆弱型自恋比浮夸型自恋更难观察到，这就暗示出，脆弱型自恋是更为隐蔽的 (hidden/concealed)。 6deserves 信息转换题。根据第三段中的“Vulnerable narcissists think they have the right to get special treatment .”可知，脆弱型自恋者认为他们有权利得到特殊的对待
17、，即他们认为自己应得到特殊的对待，所以填 deserves，意思是“值得，应得” 。 7responsibility 信息转换题。根据第五段中的“being responsible for your mistakes”可知，此处指要对自己的错误负责。根据此空的结构来判断，要用responsible 的名词形式构成固定搭配 take responsibility for .“对负责任”。8relax 信息转换题。根据第五段中的“I would add to this list with practices that reduce depression and anxiety”可知，作者在此处建议
18、要增加可以减轻压抑和忧虑的练习，即要放松 (relax)。9refuse 信息转换题。根据第五段中的“people with NPD are often reluctant to enter treatment”可知， 患这种疾病的人通常不愿意接受治疗，故此处指帮助他们不要拒绝(refuse)治疗。 10changed/changeable 信息转换题。根据最后一段中的“Still ，I remain optimistic that people can change if they are motivated”可知，此处指如果自恋得以正确处理的话，自恋这一状况可得到改变。故此处可填chang
19、ed/changeable。B【导学号：25874079】(2017镇江高三一模 )Between 1938 and 1942，researchers in Boston were busy getting down to a study of adolescent boys and their family relationships.Some 60 years later，different researchers followed up with the participants and found that those raised in warmer family environme
20、nts were more securely attached to their partners in the later years of life.In a study published last week in Psychological Science，coauthors Robert Waldinger，a psychiatrist at Harvard Medical School，and Marc Schulz，a psychologist at Bryn Mawr College，combined many decades of data previously gather
21、ed on a group of men with data they recently collected on the same men to offer unique longterm thinking on the connection between early childhood environment，how men regulate emotions in middle age and the security of their attachments in close relationships late in life.Security of attachment，a co
22、ncept that first appeared in the 1960s，is the idea that because we are helpless for large portions of our childhood and old age we need to be good at forming attachments with others and keeping them around to take care of us.“Each person has certain people who are their main attachment figures， ” Wa
23、ldinger saysin other words，the person you would “call in the middle of the night if you were terrified and needed someone to come over”We start forming attachments at a very young age and continue to do so throughout our lives.Waldinger and Schulz determined that regardless of socioeconomic standing
24、 the men raised in warmer family environments used more adaptive strategies to manage their negative emotions in midlife，and were also more securely attached to their partners late in life.These results suggest our childhood environment affects our relationships not only into adulthood but for the r
25、est of our lives.For Schulz，the findings highlight the need for services such as family leave that support parents and allow them to create better family environments. He also stresses the importance of good social services that can get involved when children end up in poor or unsafe family settings
26、.“Kids may not remember specific events, particularly early in their lifetimes， ” Schulz says.“But the accumulation of loving，nurturing family environments really has an impact over a long period of time.”Waldinger and Schulz also emphasize that there are many ways to overcome having a lessthanidyll
27、ic childhood，such as actively working on developing warmer，healthier relationships as an adult or learning how to use more adaptive strategies to deal with negative emotions.Chris Fraley，a psychologist at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign who studies attachment but was not involved in t
28、he present study，was surprised by the results. “There are so many ways in which peoples lives can evolve across time， ” such as financial hardships，illness，divorce or occupational uncertainty, he wrote in an email，adding， “The fact that the authors found such an association is remarkable， and raises
29、 a number of questions about the factors that explain why it exists.” Fraley pointed out，however，that the study is small，a limitation the researchers themselves acknowledge. He also cautioned that an association between early childhood experiences and attachment later in life doesnt necessarily mean
30、 the former causes the latter.Still， the best option is to provide kids with a warm family environment early in life，Waldinger says.“The bottom line is that how we take care of children is just so vitally important. And protecting their development is essential for lifelong wellbeing.”Theme The happ
31、ier the childhood，the stronger the bonds in old age.Result of the studyPeople who are 11._ up in warmer family environments have more 12._ attachments with their partners in the later years of life.Concept of security of attachmentSecurity of attachment，a concept first 13._ in the 1960s，is the idea
32、that due to our helplessness in most of our childhood and old age we need to be good at forming attachments with others and keeping them around to take care of us. Each person has some people to 14._ to when he is terrified or needs company or comfort badly.Findings of Waldinger and SchulzOur childh
33、ood environment affects our relationships both into adulthood and for the rest of our lives.Services like family leave make it 15._ for parents to create a better family environment for cultivating children.Good social services can get involved when children end up in poor or unsafe family settings.
34、16._ the fact that kids may not remember specific events，particularly early in their lifetimes，the accumulation of loving，nurturing family environments really makes a 17._ to our relationships over a long period of time.There are many ways to overcome having a lessthanidyllic childhood，learning how
35、to use more adaptive strategies to deal with negative emotions included.Chris Fraleys opinion The fact of finding such an association is remarkable，and raises many questions about the factors which explain the reason for its 18._.An 19._ between early childhood experiences and attachment doesnt nece
36、ssarily mean attachment later in life.Conclusion 20._ options we make，the best one is to provide kids with a warm family environment early in life.【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，该研究主要探讨了早期家庭环境对晚年亲密关系中安全感的影响。11brought 信息归纳题。根据第一段第二句中的“those raised in warmer family environments were more securely attached
37、to their partners in the later years of life”可知，在温馨的家庭环境中长大的人 ，在晚年时更依恋他们的伴侣。固定搭配 bring up 意为“教育，养育” ，与 raise 意思相近。12secure 信息转换题。根据第一段第二句中的 “those raised in warmer family environments were more securely attached to their partners in the later years of life”及题干可知，名词 attachments 前应用形容词 secure。13appear
38、ing/emerging 信息转换题。根据第三段第一句中的“Security of attachment，a concept that first appeared in the 1960s”可知，亲附安全首先出现在 20 世纪 60 年代。此处应用现在分词 appearing/emerging 作定语修饰 a concept。14turn/look 信息归纳题。根据第三段中的内容可知，每个人都有自己的依恋对象，即每个人都有自己处于困境中时要求助的人。固定搭配 turn/look to sb.意为 “求助于/指望某人 ”。15possible 信息归纳题。 根据第六段第一句“For Schul
39、z，the findings highlight the need for services such as family leave that support parents and allow them to create better family environments”可知 ，像探亲假这样的服务使父母有可能创造一个更好的家庭环境来培养孩子们。此处应用形容词 possible 作宾语补足语。16Despite 信息转换题。根据第六段中的“Kids may not remember specific events， particularly early in their lifetim
40、es” “But the accumulation of loving，nurturing family environments really has an impact over a long period of time”可知，尽管孩子们可能不记得具体发生过的事，尤其是在幼年，但充满爱的、抚养他们长大的家庭环境确实会产生影响。故填 Despite“尽管” 。17difference 信息归纳题。固定搭配 make a difference 意为“有影响，起作用” 。18existence 信息转换题。根据第八段中的“The fact that the authors found such
41、 an association is remarkable，and raises a number of questions about the factors that explain why it exists”可知，此处应用 exist 的名词形式existence“存在 ”。19association 直接信息题。根据第八段最后一句“He also cautioned that an association between early childhood experiences and attachment later in life doesnt necessarily mean the former causes the latter”可直接得知答案。20Whatever 信息归纳题。根据第九段的内容 ，尤其是第一句中的“Still，the best option is to provide kids with a warm family environment early in life”可知，无论我们作出什么选择，最好的选择是在孩子们的幼年给他们提供一个温馨的家庭环境。Whatever 意为“无论什么” ，在句中引导让步状语从句。
