1、病理生理学 Pathophysiology山东大学医学院病理生理学教研室,Introduction Pathophysiology: The ology is to study the mechanisms of the occurrence, development and outcome of the diseases Pathological anatomy Pathology Pathophysiology The alteration function Pathophysiology in process of metabolism disease structure Patholo
2、gical anatomy,for example: bronchial alveolar edema structure congestion lobar pneumonia function hypoventilation, metabolism diffusion impairmenthypoxia, acidosis, shockThe task,position and content of pathophysiology The methods of investigation The history,Introduction of disease .concept of dise
3、asecauses disturbances abnormalconditions of homeostasis life process. causes and conditions of diseasecause(etiology): condition:inducing factor(precipitating factor):,for examplepneumococcal pneumonia cause(etiology): pneumococcuscondition: cold, tiredpulmonary tuberculosis cause: tubercular bacil
4、luscondition: worry, malnutrition . pathogenesis of diseaseIt studies how the etiology can cause the disease in the body.,1. The general rule of pathogenesis in disease damage and anti-damagedamage:defenceanti-damage adaptationcompensationfor example: food poisoningtoxin vomiting, diarrhea (damage)
5、(anti-damage)trauma:The dual nature of response of anti-damage:, reverse of cause-resultreversecause result cause result for example:food toxication diarrhea dehydration low blood volume acidosisshock part and whole,2. The basic pathogenesis nervous mechanisminjury of nervous system cause diseasedis
6、turbance of the functioninjury: epidemic meningitis, cephalitis, poliomyelitisfunctional hypertension,disturbance: hepatic encephalopathy, humoral mechanismpathogenic alteration of the volume andagent activity of humoral factorsdisturbance of the homeostasis diseasehormonehumoral general humoral fac
7、torfactor local humoral factorcellular factor,the acting endocrine paracrinemanner of humoral factor:autocrine, cellular mechanismcause damage of cells diseasemitochondriacauselysosome,for example:injury of cell membrane cellular edema free injury of mitochondria ATPradical injury of lysosome autoly
8、sis Molecular mechanismcause effect of the nucleic acid, protein and enzymedisease,图2,图3,图1 正常大鼠主动脉内皮细胞铺片ET阴性400 图2 高脂血症大鼠主动脉内皮细胞铺片ET阳性400,图1,例：免疫组织化学实验技术测定细胞中内皮素（ET）表达,例：高糖大鼠外周血白细胞iNOS-mRNA表达的变化N: 正常大鼠外周血白细胞原位杂交片 (1000); A: 高糖饮水2个月外周血白细胞原位杂交片 (1000); B: 高糖饮水4个月外周血白细胞原位杂交片 (1000); C: 高糖饮水6个月外周血白细胞原位
9、杂交片 (1000); (胞浆内深蓝着色为iNOS-mRNA阳性杂交信号，核固红复染。),N,. Outcome of disease complete1. recoveryincomplete2. death concept of brain deathdeath of irreversible comastandard of cerebrum appearance of liner EEGbrain death (electroencephalogram)death of dilated pupilbrain-stem stop of respirationabsent of nervous reflex,Thank you,
