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类型英语词汇提高Chapter 21.ppt

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    英语词汇提高Chapter 21.ppt
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    1、Chapter 21,affirm v.,1. to affirm sth. to sb.: to state publicly that sth is truth 公开肯定某事物属实;断言某事物 eg. Despite all the policemans questions the lady continued to affirm that she was innocent. 尽管警察一再追问,她坚持说自己无罪。 2. to promise to tell the truth in a court of law 在法庭上郑重陈词 affirmation n. 肯定;断言 eg. This

    2、poem is a joyous affirmation of the power of love. 这首诗以欢快的笔触肯定了爱情的力量。 affirmative adj. (言语上)肯定的 eg. an affirmative rely/ nod/ reaction/ sentence, etc.,词根 firm = firm,strong,infirm a. (in不+firm) eg. 1) She was too elderly and infirm to stay at home alone. 2) In spite of his age and infirmity, he stil

    3、l writes plays and novels. infirmary (infrm虚弱的+ary表场所接纳虚弱者的地方) eg. The infirmary supplies the normal medical service for the staff for free. 医务室免费为员工提供一般性医疗服务。 n.医务室, 诊所 confirm v. 证实,肯定,确认 Eg. These new statistics confirm our worst fears about the depth of the recession. 这些新的统计数据证实经济衰退已经严重到我们最为担忧的境

    4、地。,年迈虚弱的,confirmation n.,Some words to state firmly and publicly that something is true,1. assert v. 声称;断言 eg. 1) The professor asserted that the skeleton, which was said to be mans first ancestor, is in fact a fake. 2) to assert ones intention/ independence/ supremacy, etc. 3) If women are to have

    5、equal opportunity, they must loudly assert their ability to do all traditional male jobs.,2. declare (that): to officially say that something is true eg. Reagans 1981 budget message declared that the new economic program was working well. 3. argue (that): to state, giving clear reasons, that somethi

    6、ng is true, should be done, etc. although other people are disagreeing with you 争辩说 eg. She argued that taxes must be increased to pay for public services.argue for/ against: to argue that something should or should not be done eg. Senator Harvey argued strongly against taking any form of military a

    7、ction.,4. confirm: to say publicly that something is definitely true, when people have not been completely sure whether it was true or not 证实;证明;确认 eg. The company has confirmed that it will fire 300 strikers. confirm ones opposition/ support/ position, etc. eg. European Green parties have yet to co

    8、nfirm their position on East European recovery. 5. affirm: a formal word meaning to state publicly in speech or writing, that something is true, did happen, etc. eg. 1) In his letter, Kelly affirms his belief in God and the power of goodness over evil. 2) When questioned, all the witnesses affirmed

    9、that the shooting has taken place exactly as the police described it.,alleged adj.,1. allege v. (fml.) to state sth. as a fact but without proof (无证据地)宣称;声称 eg. 1) It was alleged that policemen had accepted bribes. 2) be alleged to be/ do sth. eg. The new missiles are alleged to be capable of travel

    10、ling enormous distances. 2. alleged: an alleged fact, quality etc is supposed to be true although there is no proof that it actually is 未经证实的陈述 eg. 1) reports of alleged police brutality 2) He was allegedly caught shoplifting in his local supermarket.,allude,allude to sb/sth.: to mention sb/sth. bri

    11、efly or indirectly 提及、暗指或暗示某人(某事) eg. She didnt say Mr. Smiths name, but it was clear that she was alluding to him. allusion n. eg. The authors makes several allusions to these events in his latest book.,词根 lud, lus = to play,elude (e出+lude玩出去躲出去) eg. He eluded his pursuers by escaping into a river.

    12、 prelude ( pre+lude玩,演奏先演奏) eg. These few lines form a prelude to his long narrative poem. 这几行诗是他那长篇叙事诗的序诗。 collude (col共同+lude共同玩) eg. She was charged on the supposition that she had colluded with her husband in the murders. 她被指控涉嫌与丈夫合谋杀人。,v.躲避;使困惑,n.序曲,v.勾结,串通,collusion n.,delude ( sb. into doing

    13、sth) eg. You are deluding yourself if you think youll change Robs mind. illusion n. eg. I have no illusion about my ability. disillusion eg. 1) She still believes in Santa Claus and it would be cruel to disillusion her. 2) Voters are very disillusioned with the democratic process. 选民们对民主进程非常失望。 disi

    14、llusionment n.,v. 欺骗;迷惑,v. 使幻想破灭;使醒悟,( delusion n. ),后缀 -ite,(1)表形容词:“的” polite a.礼貌的(pol擦亮;文雅+ite;参考:polish) definite a. 明确的(de强调+fin界线+ite) (2)表名词,“人或物” socialite n. 社会名流(social社会的) eg. Authorities freed the socialite early this morning. elite n. 精英,尖子 (3)表动词,“促成” ignite v.点燃(ign火+ite),激起 eg. We i

    15、gnited the campfire in the dark. 我们在黑暗中点燃了篝火。 unite v. 联合,团结,essence n.,1. U that which makes a thing what it is; most important or indispensable quality of sth. 本质;精髓;要素 eg. 1) In his paintings Picasso tries to capture/ embody/ convey the essence of his subjects. 2) His theory was not new in essenc

    16、e(在本质上). 3) Speed/Time is of the essence(非常重要的,不可缺少的) in dealing with emergency. 2. 植物或药物的精华: eg. vanilla essence 香草精 essential: 1) Good food and plenty of exercise are essential for a healthy life. (adj. most important) 2) The charity provides homeless people with essentials like food and clothing.

    17、 (n. sth. important or necessary),immunity n.,1. immunity to/against sth.: ability to resist infection, disease, etc. 免疫力 eg. This vaccine will give you immunity to measles. 2. ability to be unaffected by sth.不受某事物影响的能力 eg. immunity to criticism/ abuse/ opposition 不受批评、谩骂、反对的影响 3. ability to be prot

    18、ected or exempt from sth. 受保护;免除;豁免 eg. diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权The embassy official claimed diplomatic immunity and was later released.,词根muni, mun = service, function, gift, duty,immune adj. eg. Few women were immune to his charm. 很少有女人能对他的魅力无动于衷。 immunize (im+mun+ize) eg. This gas mask can immun

    19、ize you against poisonous gas. 防毒面具能使你免遭毒气袭击。 community (commune公共的+ity状态) communicate,不受影响的,v. 使免疫;免除,n. 社区,社会,v.交流;通知,municipal (muni + cip=to take+al) eg. An angry mob gathered outside the municipal building. 一群愤怒的暴民聚集在市政大楼的外面。 munificent (muni+fic做+ent做出来给大家的), eg. 1) On the hill, where kites us

    20、ed to be flown, stood the fine college which Mr. Laurences munificent legacy had built. 经常放风筝的小山上,矗立着一个精美的学院,那是用慷慨的劳伦斯先生留下的遗产设立的。 2) The foreign party offered very munificent terms, but we still have to negotiate before making our decision. 外方的条件很优厚,但是我们也需要协商后再决定。,a. 都市的,市政的,a. 慷慨的,(指礼品)丰厚的,词根quest,

    21、 quir, quis, quer=to seek, search,quest eg. We are now in quest for money to start the project. 我们目前在寻找资金启动这个项目。 acquire v.获取(ac加强动作+quire寻求得到获取) acquisitive (ac不断+quis+itive不断寻求) eg. It is an acquisitive company looking for ways to expand. 这是一家贪婪的公司,正寻求扩张。 conquer (con全部+quer全部寻求到) conquest (con+qu

    22、est),n.探求,寻找,a.贪得无厌的,v.征服,n. 征服,disquisition (dis分开+quis+ition分开寻问到处问) eg. Amanda launched into a disquisition about contracts. 阿曼达投入到一篇关于合约的专题论文的写作中。 requisite (re再+quis+ite一再寻求的) eg. Intelligence and hard-work are the chief things requisite for success. 智慧和艰苦的工作是获得成功最重要的必要条件。 prerequisite (pre预先+requisite必需品) eg. Careful study of the market is a prerequisite for success.,n. 论文;探究,a. 必要的 n. 必需品,n.先决条件,

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