1、 1 / 11黄浦区 2016 年高考模拟考英语试卷（完卷时间： 120 分钟 满分： 150 分） 2016 年 4 月 14 日下午第 I 卷 （共 103 分）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with th
2、e proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)GarlicGarlic, a common seasoning found in many different types of food, has a long medical and mythical history. References to garlic (25)_(find) in Chinese texts that are dated as far back as 3000 BC. T
3、he physician Hippocrates used garlic in ancient Greece (26)_(treat) infections and physical disorders. In many parts of ancient world, garlic was thought to avoid unfriendly spirits, treat wounds (27)_ _ _ protect against disease.Roman soldiers believed that garlic brought them courage and energy. T
4、hey took it with them when they went into battle. Egyptians fed garlic to their servants when they built pyramids. They thought that it gave the workers strength. They also believed that garlic had magical and medicinal powers in the Middle Ages, people thought that garlic prevented the plague(瘟疫).P
5、eople have praised the virtues of garlic for centuries. Garlics popularity began to decline in the early years of the twentieth century, but its reputation (28)_(restore) in recent years. It is now a valuable cash crop in the state of California. Nearly a half-billion pounds of garlic are produced t
6、here each year. The city of Gilroy, California, considers (29)_ the garlic capital of the world. Each year, the city hosts the Gilroy Garlic Festival in honor of the crop.Some doctors are studying garlics effects as a defense (30)_ some forms of cancer. Others are exploring its possibilities for tre
7、ating arthritis. Garlic has also received praise for its ability to lower high levels of cholesterol(胆固醇).(31)_ some of the medicinal benefits of garlic have yet to be proven, it is certain(32)_ many people enjoy the flavour that it adds to food.(B)The illegal sale and use of drugsDespite the respec
8、t of most Americans for law and the determination of the legal system to 2 / 11protect the rights of individuals, the United States, like all other countries, does experience crime. Especially in large cities, the crime rate (33)_ be high.A high percentage of crime in the United States is directly r
9、elated to the illegal sale and use of drugs. Drugs are smuggled into the country by (34)_(organize) groups despite intense efforts by the government to stop the illegal drug trade. Drug abuse in the U.S. has come to be regarded as one of (35)_(challenging) social problems facing the nation. The drug
10、 issue always excites strong emotions of American (36)_ drug abuse is regarded as a major threat to American society, particularly to its younger members. Drug abuse is a social problem as it has (37)_ wide range of social costs. For example, drug is closely related with crime, automobile accidents.
11、 Those (38)_ become addicted to drug use sometimes rob or break into houses or stores to steal money to pay for the drugs. It has serious effects on individuals physically and mentally, (39)_ the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great.Drug use has caused great concern in the United States. T
12、he federal government has worked hard to stop the (40)_(grow) of drug plants in other countries. It has also set up special agencies, sometimes working with agencies from other nations, to catch the smugglers outside and inside the United States. Teachers and many citizens work together to teach chi
13、ldren about the dangers of drug use. Many government agencies in the states and private citizen groups work to help drug addicts give up their drug use and turn to useful lives.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only used once. Note that
14、there is one word more than you need.A. lowering B. conditions C. warning D. seemingly E. inconclusiveF. frequently G. reactions H. alternative I. interestingly J. properties K. mixingNot so far in the distant past a study on water pollution found that common, everyday makeup products being washed d
15、own the drain was ending up in well and drinking water. Now a study has found that people pollute themselves. Many of the pollutants are linked to cancer and other serious health 41 . Whats the key cause of this pollution? Common household items, 42 ， appear to be used more by women than men. These
16、include makeup, hair spray and commercial, chemically-made perfumes. These are perfumes that are 43 advertised as having some sort of beneficial effect on the body and are even suggested as a replacement for natural essential oils. Studies on the effectiveness of fragrance oils and health benefits h
17、ave been 44 , something neglected to be mentioned. If the chemical scent has cancer-causing properties, it may not make sense to try and use it for helping you sleep or 45 your blood pressure. Manufacturers argue that the risk is non-existent as the levels of chemicals found in the tests were so sma
18、ll. However, with over 60 chemicals being found, many of which were non-3 / 11existent before the turn of the century, researchers make note that these chemicals may be enough to cause problems.Since the products mentioned are often used by women, it leaves one to wonder if conditions, 46 unheard of
19、 before the turn of the century, are linked to man-made chemicals? Perfumes in particular, when chemical, have been linked to asthma(哮喘) and other sensitive 47 . Some groups are asking the government to order manufacturers to place 48 labels on each bottle.Essential oils and real fragrance oils prov
20、ide a wonderful 49 to commercial fragrances. They also have other properties and effects on the body which have been scientifically proven. In addition, you can actually formulate your own scent quite easily! There are many books on perfume 50 and the use of essential oils, some quite in-depth and o
21、thers rather fun. Nowadays there are also many companies making perfumes from pure essential oils.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits th
22、e context.Education plays an extremely important role in our life and deeply impacts the society. However, how does society influence education?Before understanding the influence of society on education, we must 51 society. Society is an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and econom
23、ic organization. It is characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals. It is a group of individuals who 52 a common system of customs, values and laws. From the definition of society, it is clear that we human beings are its building 53 . As we interact with people, try to understand
24、 their thinking styles and 54 patterns, we soon realize that there is so much to learn from them. Society is the greatest 55 of education. Dont you think so?We cannot 56 the impact of society on the education system alone. We need to understand the role of society in the 57 development of an individ
25、ual. Even before we become a part of the education system, we start learning from our surroundings. And during the process of formal education, we 58 take non-formal from society. Yes, our interactions with our fellow-beings, our observations about their social behaviour and our understanding of soc
26、ial norms 59 us to face life. True, educational 60 , like schools, colleges and universities play a very important role in our education. But, we cannot ignore the fact that we learn some of the important lessons of life from society. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the 61 process of lea
27、rning begins at a point, which marks the end of institutional education. Learning, as an individual, from your interaction with society, is a vital part of education.4 / 11Society plays an important role in education and influences it, both positively and negatively. Social inequalities and unhealth
28、y educational practices are some of the 62 influences of society on our lives. Customs and traditions 63 certain sections of society from exercising their fundamental rights and block the well-being of society, shatter the basic ideas of educaiotn and social awareness. Some social groups deny womens
29、 right to education, while others force children to work, depriving (剥夺) them from a healthy environment, conducive to their growth and development. Education is one of the basic human rights. If social norms deprive certain strata（阶层）of society form progressing in life and come in the way of social
30、 welfare, it 64 the purpose of education.Society is an entity that cannot be separated from us. It is we who 65 the society. It is entirely in our hands whether to add value to our education or devalue it.51. A. know B. define C. recognize D. analyze52. A. share B. invent C. operate D. practice53. A
31、. extents B. blocks C. designs D. expenses54. A. cultural B. traditional C. educational D. behavioral55. A. performer B. supervisor C. facilitator D. opponent56. A. resist B. resolve C. reserve D. restrict57. A. steady B. future C. lasting D. overall58. A. successfully B. desperately C. constantly D
32、. surprisingly59. A. encourage B. impact C. prepare D. impose60. A. circumstances B. contributions C. environments D. organization61. A. actual B. external C. universal D. available62. A. realistic B. opposing C. practical D. invisible63. A. confirm B. cultivate C. maintain D. prevent64. A. fulfills
33、 B. highlights C. defeats D. describes65. A. depend on B. make up C. strive for D. deal withSection B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one th
34、at fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Extremophiles（极端微生物） are organisms that have been discovered on earth that survive in environments that were once thought not to be able to sustain life. These extreme environments include intense heat, highly acidi
35、c environments, extreme pressure and extreme cold. Different organisms have developed varying ways of adapting to these environments, but most scientists agree that it is unlikely that life on Earth originated under such extremes.Adapting to Extreme HeatIn the 1960s, heat resistant bacteria were dis
36、covered in hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. This bacteria, thermus aquaticus thrives at temperatures of 70C but can survive temperatures of 50C to 80C. A few years after these were discovered, other bacteria were found 5 / 11living under even more extreme conditions. Hydrothermal vents (热水流
37、火山口) were discovered deep in the ocean and under such high pressure that the water boils at 340C. It was a surprise to researchers to discover bacteria living and thriving in the vents at such extreme temperatures and pressures. Not only were there bacteria, but centimeters away where the water was
38、cooler, was a complete ecosystem living off the bacteria. There were clams and tubeworms among other species.Adapting to Extreme ColdOther extremophiles have developed ways to cope with cold. Deep ocean water is as a fairly constant temperature of 2C, but because of its salt content, in colder areas
39、, ocean water can reach temperatures as low at -12C without freezing. Extremophiles known as psychrophiles（低温微生物） are known to survive at these low temperatures. Different species have come up with different ways to survive these cold temperatures. Some have developed substances, such as glycerol（甘油
40、） or antifreeze proteins which lower the freezing point of water by several degrees.The main danger to organisms of freezing is the damage caused by ice crystals as water freezes and expands. Some species of frogs and turtles have proteins which actually facilitate the freezing of body liquids. If t
41、he animals body liquids begin to freeze, a chain reaction is started and all of the bodys liquids freeze rapidly. This prevents the formation of ice crystals large enough to do any damage. Many kinds of microorganisms can survive freezing and thawing, as long as the problem of ice crystals is avoide
42、d. 66. An “ecosystem”(paragraph 2) can be best described as _.A. an interacting community that contains both living and non-living organismsB. a large collective term for animals that eat bacteriaC. different types of plants and animals that cooperate for foodD. the place where temperatures and cond
43、itions are dangerous and extreme67. The formation of large ice crystal is dangerous mostly because _.A. the animal can no longer breathe, and nutrient cant be carried around the bodyB. proteins cause the animals body liquids to freezeC. the freezing and expansion of water could damage the animals or
44、gansD. the temperature inside the animal becomes too cold to survive in68. Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?A. Extremophiles live in environments other organisms cannot survive in.B. Extremophiles can survive in both acidic and high pressure environments.C. The the
45、rmophile lives in extremely high temperatures.D. Fresh water has a constant temperature of around 2 C.69. The purpose of this article is to _.A. amuse and entertain scientists B. provide a personal opinion about an issueC. educate and inform readers D. predict the beginning of evolution(B)6 / 11Gray
46、 LineDiscover Brisbane and surrounds with Gray Line Brisbane. Their wide range of tours in air-conditioned coaches, combined with the guides expert knowledge, ensures a day to remember.Brisbane City Morning Tour( tour B481)Departs: daily 9:00 am.Returns:11:45 am.Discover this vibrant city with its c
47、harming architecture, colonial history and enjoy the sweeping views of the city and Brisbane River from Kangaroo Point Cliffs. Cathedral Square Parliament House Windmill Anzac Square City Hall Chinatown Captain Cook and Story BridgeAdult Concession Child$69 $67 $45Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanc
48、tuary (tour B492)Departs: daily 1:15 pm.Returns: 5:00 pm.Tour the highlights of Brisbane and travel to Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary situated on the banks of the Brisbane River for a chance to get up close and personal with the animals. Queen Street MallSouthbank Anzac Square Suncorp Stadium Brewery Lon
49、e Pine Koala Sanctuary and presentation Mt Cootha LookoutAdult Concession Child$76 $74 $54Sunshine Coast and Noosa( tour B464)Departs: Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Sunday 8:45 amReturns: 5:30 pm.The Sunshine Coast is renowned for its magnificent seaside, sophisticated lifestyle, dining experience and shopping. Also includes a visit to U
