1、1(三)句子的种类句子是一个独立的语言单位,表示一个完整的思想。按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句;从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。按使用目的分:一、 陈述句That boy always helps others.Tom was not at home yesterday.He is too late to catch the bus.二、 疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句)Are you a doctor?How often do you have an English party?Which would you like better, tea
2、or coffee?She is too young to go to school, is she?三、 感叹句(一)What +a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!=(二)How+形容词+a/an + 可数名词的单数形式+ 主语+谓语!What a beautiful girl she is! = How beautiful a girl she is!(三) What+形容词+可数名词的复数+ 主语+谓语!What beautiful girls they are!(四) What+形容词+ 不可数名词+ 主语+谓语!What fine weather it is!(五)
3、 How+形容词或副词+ 主语+谓语!How interesting the dog is!(六) How+主语+谓语!How time flies!四、 祈使句(祈使句主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原型。 )Be quiet!Dont be late!从结构上分:一、 简单句(句子只包含一个主谓结构。 )如,五种基本句型列式如下:基本句型一:主系表基本句型二: 主谓 基本句型三: 主谓宾基本句型四: 主谓间宾直宾 基本句型五 主谓宾宾补.二、 并列句(句子包含两个或多个主谓结构,通常有并列连词连结。 )由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同
4、关系。根据并列分句之间的关系不同,并列句可以分为以下几种: 1.表示联合关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词 and (和) ,not only . but also. (不但而且)等来连接,2这时分句之间是顺承关系或并列关系。and 一般不译出来。1. We bought her a birthday present,_ she liked it very much. A. so B. or C. and D. but 2. Didnt you give roses to your father on Fathers Day? Oh, not only my father,_ my gran
5、dpa got red roses. A. or B. and C. but D. until 2表示转折关系的并列句 这类并列句常用 but (但是;可是) ,yet (可是;然而) ,while (而)等来连接,后面分句与前面分句之间有意义上的转折关系。1. Would you like to go to the concert with me? Id love to,_ I cant. I have a lot of homework to do. A. or B. but C. so D. and 2. The doctors tried their best to save the
6、patients life,_ failed A. or B. so C. but D. because 3.表示选择关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词 or(或者) ,either or (要么,要么)等连接。1. _ Lily _ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home. A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or 2. None of the shoes in the shops are the right size. Th
7、ey are _ too big _ too small. A. both; and B. neither; nor C. either; or D. not only; but also 3. “Are you going to eat here _ take it away?” asked the waiter A. and B. so C. or D. but。 4.表示因果关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词 so(因此;所以) ,for(因为)等连接,后面分句与前面分句之间有因果关系。1. Mother was ill,_ Father cooked for us instead.
8、A. but B. or C. so D. and 2. There is a lot of traffic in this city,_ look both ways before crossing the streetA. so B. and C. but D. for 特殊的并列句1. 祈使句+and+一般将来时的句子 这个句型表示“如果做到了祈使句表示的事情,就会有后面句子表示的结果” 。2. 例如: Study hard,_ you are sure to have a good result in the exam. A. or B. and C. for D. but 3. 2.
9、 祈使句 + or + 一般将来时的句子 这个句型表示 “如果做不到祈使句表示的事情,就会有后面句子表示的结果”4. 例如: 1. Be quick,_ well be late for class. 3A. or B. so C. and D. but 2. Come a little earlier next time,_ youll miss the best part of the TV play. A. and B. but C. or D. till 三、复合句 复合句(Complex Sentence)由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subo
10、rdinate Clause)构成。 主句是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在;从句则是一个句子成分,不能独立存在。从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,就像一个句子一样。所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词 引导。 我们至今学过的从句有:定语从句, 名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句) ,和状语从句。1. 定语从句 He is the man who wants to see you.2. 同位语从句 She told us her hope that she would become a pianist. 注意:定语和同位语从句的区别。 3. 表语从句 This is wha
11、t we should do 4. 宾语从句(注意 it 做形式宾语)Everybody knows that money doesnt grow on trees We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone. (it 做形式宾语) 5.主语从句(注意 it 做形式主语)What caused the accident remains unknown It is certain that he will win the match(it 做形式主语) 6.状语从句My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful.