1、专题十四 细节理解,高考英语 (天津市专用),A组 自主命题天津卷题组 Passage 1(2018天津夏,A)词数:332 Fire Prevention Information The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems, fire alarms, and fire extinguishers(
2、灭火器). They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room. Fire Alarms The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的)fire alarm systems whic
3、h in- clude fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with(胡,五年高考,乱摆弄)these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment. Fire Drills
4、A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following: Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room. Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit; do not use a lift. Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for f
5、urther instructions. Fire Extinguishers Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situ- ation for other residents and could result in damage to pe
6、rsonal property. Misuse of a fire extin- guisher will result in fines. Smoke Detectors A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the,ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector: If your smoke detector is working pro
7、perly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blink- ing(闪动),contact residence hall staff immediately. Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way. If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff. 1.What is the main duty of the fire p
8、revention professionals? A.To provide part-time jobs for students. B.To lead the students to the nearest exits. C.To check and maintain fire prevention equipment. D.To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals. 2.What do the automatic fire alarm systems include? A.Pipes and smoke detectors.
9、 B.Smoke detectors and sprinklers. C.Fire alarm pull stations and pipes. D.Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations.,3.In a fire drill, the students should . A.rush quickly to a lift B.gather at the nearest exit C.shut the door and leave at once D.wait for instructions in the hall 4.What do we know a
10、bout the use of fire extinguishers? A.Using them wrongly results in punishment. B.Irresponsible use of them can damage them. C.Improper use of them can destroy the apartment. D.Using them without a trainer present is forbidden. 5.To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should . A.con
11、tact the hall staff regularly B.cover the things that burn easily C.start the smoke detector in a fire D.make certain the red light is working,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。题材为消防安全类。本文就学生宿舍楼如何预防火灾从五 个方面做了详尽的说明。 1.C 细节理解题。题干句意:预防火灾的专业人员的主要职责是什么?根据第一部分中的第 二句话(他们巡查所有的校园建筑,检验并维护所有的喷水灭火装置、火警报警器和灭火器) 可知,C项(检查并维护火灾预防设备
12、)描述的就是他们的主要职责。A项:为学生提供兼职工 作。B项:带领学生到最近的通道。D项:把老师培训成预防火灾的专业人员。这三项在文章 中均没有提及。 2.B 细节理解题。题干句意:自动火警报警系统包括什么?根据第二部分中的第二句话(大多 数校园大楼内还配备了自动火警报警系统,包括热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷水灭火装置)可知 答案为B项。A项中的 “pipes”不包含在内。C项中的两个都没有包括在内。D项中的“fire alarm pull stations”不包含在内。 3.C 细节理解题。题干句意:在火灾演练中,学生们应该 。根据第三部分中的前两个 黑点提示部分(带上钥匙和你的身份证,关上并锁
13、上你的房间门。从离你最近的紧急出口马上 离开,不要用电梯),可知,这时候学生们应该关上门马上离开,这与C项描述一致。A项:迅速跑,向电梯。这与“不要用电梯”恰好相反。B项:在最近的通道集合。让你从这里马上离开,而 不是在这里集合。D项:在宿舍楼里等候指令。由第三部分中的第三个黑点后的内容可知,是 让你离开宿舍楼在外面等候指令。 4.A 细节理解题。题干句意:我们对于使用灭火器了解些什么?根据第四部分最后一句话(错 误地使用灭火器会导致罚款)可知A项正确。B项:不负责任地使用灭火器会毁坏它们。本部 分第三句话指出不负责任地使用灭火器会对在楼内居住的其他人带来危险,故排除B项。C 项:不正确地使用
14、灭火器会毁掉整栋公寓。这个危害文章没有提及。D项:没有指导人员在现 场是禁止使用灭火器的。这一点文章也没有提及。 5.D 推理判断题。题干句意:为了保证烟雾探测器安全运转,我们应该 。根据第五部 分中第一个黑点后的提示(如果你的烟雾探测器正常工作的话,上面的红灯应该是亮着的。如 果红灯不闪烁了,立即联系宿舍管理员)可推断出,为了让烟雾探测器正常运转,一定要确保上 面的红灯是工作的。这与D项的描述相符。A项中的regularly与原文的immediately不符。其 他两项均未提及。 重点词汇 inspect vt. 检查;查看 drill n.演习 emergency exit 紧急出口 re
15、sult in 导致;带来 词汇积累 staff n. 全体职员;员工 automatic adj.自动的 detector n.探测器 resident n.居民,Passage 2(2018天津春,A)词数:330 When you choose a higher education course, here are some tips for you to follow. Choosing your course There are a range of subjects and courses available. Many are work-related;others are ac
16、ademic. Youll need to look beyond the course title because courses with almost the same name may differ enormously. For example, if youre interested in construction but wish to use your creative skills, you may be better suited to a building design management course than a building project manage- m
17、ent course. Style of learning Think about the style of learning that best suits you. Its important to study a subject that you par- ticularly enjoy, but if you want to follow a career in a different area, you may consider taking the subjects you want to learn and joining them into one degree. Many d
18、egree courses are made up of different subject modules which deal with particular areas of interest.,Choosing where to study Where you study can be almost as important as what you study. One thing to consider is whether you want to live at home or move away. For some people, living at home offers th
19、e best of both worlds, but it may make sense to move if you want to study a particular course at a specific univer- sity or college. Many students value the experience of living on campus or in a different part of the country as an important part of university life. Finding out more about courses On
20、ce youve got a list of courses that appeal to you, its worth looking at some other sources of information about them, like independent reports. These provide information on the numbers of students who finished the course, student satisfaction and more. Open days Open days usually take place in sprin
21、g or autumn. Although you may have an idea about what a course is like, theres no substitute(替代)for attending a class yourself. If you cant come on the open days, you can sign up for a guided tour instead.,1.You need to look beyond the course title because courses with similar names may be . A.creat
22、ivity-focused B.work-related C.far different D.quite similar 2.What are you advised to do if your interest disagrees with your future career? A.Add preferred subjects to your degree courses. B.Choose the subjects based on your interest. C.Earn different degrees. D.Give up your interest. 3.What do we
23、 learn about from Para. 4? A.Disadvantages of studying on campus. B.Reasons for choosing where to study. C.Importance of attending a nearby college. D.Problems of going to a faraway university.,4.Why is it recommended to check independent reports? A.To increase applicants interest. B.To better under
24、stand a course. C.To figure out how to complete a course. D.To find out how different the courses are. 5.On the open days, would-be college students can . A.sign up for a particular course B.take a guided tour on the campus C.see whether there is a substitute course D.have first-hand experience of a
25、 course 答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文。就如何选大学课程提供了几点建议。 1.C 细节理解题。 由第二段第三句Youll need to look beyond the course title because courses with almost the same name may differ enormously.可知选C。be far different=differ enormously (大相径庭)。,2.A 细节理解题。由第三段中的but if you want to follow a career in a different area, you may conside
26、r taking the subjects you want to learn and joining them into one degree 可知选A项。 3.B 主旨大意题。由第四段第一、二句可知,本段主要说选学习的地点时应考虑的因素,故 选B。 4.B 细节理解题。由题干中的关键词independent reports定位到倒数第二段尾句These pro- vide information on the numbers of students who finished the course, student satisfaction and more.可知选B。 5.D 细节理解题。
27、由尾段第二句Although you may have an idea about what a course is like, theres no substitute for attending a class yourself.可知选D。在学校开放日,准大学生可以通过 亲自上一节课来体验一门课程。 词汇提示 1.a range of一系列 2.enormously adv. 非常,极其,Passage 3(2017天津夏,D)词数:371 I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where
28、 are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours?To understand the issue, lets take a look at three types of “waits”. The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink(洗碗池)
29、as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until its full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes th
30、e waiter helpless and mindless. A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Proper- ly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific.“Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove from he
31、at, let stand five min- utes.”I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. After all, Forced,Waiting requires patience. Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. Unlike the
32、 Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen. Turning ones life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists a- mong us. On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mi
33、xes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. As long as one doesnt come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody. We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time youre standing at the sink waiting for it to fill whil
34、e cooking noodle soup that youll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, dont be desperate. Youre probably just as busy as the next guy. 1.While doing a Watched-Pot Wait, we tend to . A.keep ourselves busy B.get absent-minded C.grow anxious D.stay focused,2.What is the difference
35、 between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait? A.The Forced Wait requires some self-control. B.The Forced Wait makes people passive. C.The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions. D.The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain. 3.What can we learn about the Lucky-Break Wait? A.It is less voluntary than
36、 the Forced Wait. B.It doesnt always bring the desired result. C.It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait. D.It doesnt give people faith and hope. 4.What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting? A.Take it seriously. B.Dont rely on others. C.Do something else. D.Dont lose heart.,
37、5.The author supports his view by . A.exploring various causes of “waits” B.describing detailed processes of “waits” C.analyzing different categories of “waits” D.revealing frustrating consequences of “waits” 答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,题材为社会生活类。本文介绍了日常生活中出现的三种等 待,并且对每种等待作了详细的分析。 1.B 细节理解题。第二段对Watched-Pot Wait
38、进行了具体的描述。由第二段倒数第二句中 的“.the brain slips away from the body and wanders about.”可知,人们在这样的等待中容易 走神,故选B。 2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“This one requires a bit of discipline.”可知,A项中的 “requires some self-control”与之相符,故选A。,3.B 细节理解题。 第四段对Lucky-Break Wait作了详细的描述,本段最后一句中的“waiting for your lucky break does not necessaril
39、y mean that it will happen”表明,这种等待不一定会带来 预期的结果,故选B。 4.D 细节理解题。 根据题干中的the next time可知,本题细节出现在最后一段。根据最后一 段第二句“The next time.dont be desperate.”可知,作者建议我们在等待时不要绝望,故 选D。 5.C 推理判断题。本文分析了日常生活中的三种等待。故选C项。 Passage 4(2017天津春,A)词数:321 Career guidance specialists in John Adams High School can provide informatio
40、n about Career & Technical Education classes, assist you in making wise decisions for your future, and help you find opportunities in:certificate programs, apprenticeship(学徒)programs and four-year colleges that best fit your needs. Each of the following two-year programs offers three high school cre
41、dits per semester and requires a formal application.,1.In the Business Cooperative Experiences program, students will . A.have free transportation B.finish 540 class hours C.acquire training ability D.work at a local business 2.An applicant for Business Technology Lab is likely to be a student who p
42、lans . A.to be an equipment provider B.to work at a secondary school C.to develop great computer skills D.to enter the academic world,3.What can students learn in Automotive Services Technology? A.Security operations. B.Entry-level car services. C.Instruction techniques. D.Advanced automotive skills
43、. 4.Which of the programs has safety requirements? A.Business Cooperative Experiences. B.Business Technology Lab. C.Automotive Services Technology. D.Building Trades Technology. 5.What do the four programs focus on? A.Practical skills. B.Theoretical study. C.Business planning. D.Management ability.,
44、答案 语篇解读 本文为应用文,题材为学校教育类。文章介绍了几门实用技术课程。 1.D 细节理解题。由第一个课程中的Students will be employed at a training station and will work each week at a business in the local community.可知答案。 2.C 细节理解题。由第二个课程中的Students will learn multimedia, web design, and photo de- sign skills by using state-of-the-art(最先进的)equipment
45、 and software.可知答案。 3.B 细节理解题。由第三个课程中的for the students to learn entry-level automotive skills and basic automotive operation and service可知答案。 4.D 推理判断题。由第四个课程中的Work boots and helmet needed可推知答案。 5.A 推理判断题。综合四个课程的具体内容可推知,所有课程均以实用技术为中心。 词汇提示 1.interactive adj.交互式的,人机对话的,互动的 2.under the leadership of在的
46、领导下 3.apprentice n.学徒,Passage 5(2017天津春,C) 词数:356 Debra Avery has been a horse lover since she was a little girl in San Diego. Her family couldnt afford a horse of its own, so Debra borrowed rides at the local horse-riding center, gaining the con- fidence only found atop a horse. Years later, Debra
47、remembered those early days, and the lessons she learned with the horses at the riding center, and wanted to help other young women get the benefits of connecting with horses. “I always wanted to run a horse program for girls like me,” says Debra. “I wanted to help them gain the courage to be around
48、 a horse and to care for a horse.” One day at the Los Angeles Horse-riding Center, as Debra rode beside fellow rider Judith Hopkins,she mentioned an inheritance(遗产)from her father-in-law and her desire to use it to serve disad- vantaged girls. Judith had the same dreamand a name for the organization
49、. They founded Taking the Reins (TTR) in 1998. The organization serves more than 400 young women per year in after-school, weekend, and summer programs that feature horse riding and care,gardening and even competitive horse showing. Most participants live below the poverty line and often have not ha
50、d reliable housing for more than six months at a time. Few have previous horse experience. TTR uses farm and ranch experiences to teach responsibility, leadership, teamwork, and self-con- fidence. Director Dr. Jane Haven says, “A large number of our girls are somewhat autistic(孤独 症的). I cant count h
51、ow many of them have found their first social friends thanks to sharing this hobby and activity. Horses bring them out in such a wonderful way.” Jane also sees members of TTR program excel in school100 percent of young women involved for four years or more have graduated from high school. Ninety-nin
52、e percent of those participants have gone on to attend four-year colleges. Debra sees a more obvious impactafter a few weeks in the TTR program, the young women sit a little higher in their saddles(马鞍). “Theres just something about sitting up on the back of a horse that gives them a boost of confidence.”,
