1、Unit11. by + doing 通过方式 如：How do you study for a test? I I study by making word cards.by 还可以表示：“在旁”、“靠近”、“在期间”、“用、”“经过”、“乘车”等如：I live by the river. 靠近 I have to go back by ten oclock.在期间The thief entered the room by the window.在.旁边The student went to park by bus.乘车2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论 如：The studen
2、ts often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。talk to sb. = talk with sb. 与某人说话3. 提建议的句子：What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping?Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go shoppingShall we/ I +
3、do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事Will/Would you please do sth 请你做好吗？Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗？Would you mind doing sth？你介意做某事吗？4.how与 what的区别：how通常对方式或程度提问，意思有：怎么样 如何，通常用来做状语、表语。what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问，意思为 什么，通常做宾语，主语。How is your summer holiday? Its OK.How did
4、you travel around the world? I travel by air.What do you learn at school? I learn English, math and many other subjects.4.现在完成时态结构：have done 例：Have you ever studied with a group? 5. tooto 太而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 如：Im too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。6. aloud, loud与 loudly的用法 三个词都
5、与“大声“或“响亮“有关。aloud 是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud 没有比较级形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。loud 可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与 speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。loudly 是副词,与 loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如
6、: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。7. not at all 一点也不 根本不 如：I like milk very much. I dont like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾8. be / get excited about sth.= be / get excited about doing sth. = be excited to do sth. 对感兴奋 如：I am / get excited
7、about going to Beijing.=I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。9. end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 如：The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 end up with sth. 以结束 如：The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。10. first of all 首先. to begin with 一开始later on 后来、随11. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 如:He also cam
8、e./ He came also.他也来了.She is young and beautiful,and also rich.她年轻漂亮,而且有钱either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 如:He hasnt finished it,either. 他也还没有做完.I dont know,either.我也不知道.too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末 如:Im tired. Me too.我也是.12. make mistakes 犯错 如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。make a mistake 犯一个错误 如： I have made a mistake. 我已
9、经犯了一个错误。13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人） 如：Dont laugh at me!不要取笑我!14. take notes 做笔记，做记录 15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做乐意做 如：She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。16. native speaker 说本族语的人17. make up 组成、构成 18. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 其中之一如： She is one of the mo
10、st popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。19. Its +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事如：Its difficult (for me ) to study English.对于我来说学习英语太难了。句中的 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 to study English20. practice doing 练习做某事 如：She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如：LiLei has decided to go to
11、 BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。22. unless 假如不，除非 引导条件状语从句 如：You will fail unless you work hard假如你不努力你会失败。I wont write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写23. deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事 如：Mother worried about his son just now. 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。25. be angry with sb.
12、对某人生气 如：I was angry with her. 我对她生气。26. perhaps = maybe 也许27. go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。28. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生see sb. / sth. do 看见某人在做某事 如：如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.她看见他正在教室里画画。29. each other 彼此 30. regard as 把看作为. 如：The boys regarded Anna a
13、s a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。31. too many 许多 修饰可数名词 如：too many girls too much 许多 修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk much too 太 修饰形容词 如：much too beautiful31. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。1）a lot 、a lot of 和 lots of三个的区别: a lot of 表示许多，等于many、lots of,常用于名词前面 后可以接可数名词复数，用于肯定句时可以互换使用。 如：a lot of friends许多朋友，也可以说 m
14、any friends或lots of friends。 I have a lot of / many friends here. 在这里我有许多朋友。 2) a lot of 与 lots of同义，其后可以接可数名词复数或不可数名词，而 many之后只能接可数名词复数。3) 例如： There is a lot of / lots of snow this year. 今年雪下得多。 但不可以说：There is many snow this year. 3)a lot of 通常用于肯定句，而 many可用于各种句式。例如： I have a lot of comic books. 我有
15、许多漫画书。 而 a lot则表示 a lot of sth.的省略形式，省略了后面的名词，如：I have a lot of friends,he has a lot ,too. 32. change into 将变为 如：The magician changed the pen into a book. 这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。33. with the help of sb. = with ones help 在某人的帮助下如：with the help of LiLei = with LiLeis help 在李雷的帮助下34. compare to 把与相比 如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。35. instead 代替 用在句末，副词（字面上常不译出来）instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替，而不是 用在句中，动词如：Last summer I went to Beijing. This year Im going to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。He stayed at home instead of going swimming. 他呆在家里而不是去游泳。
