1、,B R _ main1,Fable,Adam Smith and The Wealth of Nations,U.C.L.A.,B R _ Fable,Fable,A Brief Introduction to Fable,Two Famous Fables,Some Famous English Sayings from Fables,B R _ Adam,1. A Brief Introduction to Adam Smith,2. Chronology of Adam Smith,Adam Smith and The Wealth of Nations,Adam Smith,The
2、Wealth of Nations,B R _ A Brief Introduction to Fable 1,A Brief Introduction to Fable,The term fable refers to a short story in which animals or inanimate objects speak and behave like humans, usually to give a moral point. The term comes from the Latin fabula, “a telling.”The greatest teller of fab
3、les was Aesop. He was believed to be a Greek slave who lived in the 6th century B.C. Another great teller of fables was Jean de La Fontaine. He wrote in France in the 17th century. La Fontaine based many of his fables on those of Aesop.,B R _ A Brief Introduction to Fable 2,Some of their best-known
4、fables are The Lion and the Mouse, The Hare and the Tortoise, The Fox and the Grapes, The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf, The Fox and the Crow, The Dove and the Ant, and The Fox and the Stork. In the Chinese language, some idioms come from fables such as The Frog in the Shallow Well (井底之蛙), His Spear aga
5、inst His Shield (自相矛盾), Making His Mark (刻舟求剑), Ostrich Logic (掩耳盗铃) and Blessing or Bane (塞翁失马).,B R _ A Brief Introduction to Fable 2,A Brief Introduction to Fable,Aesop (620?560? B.C.) ancient Greek writer of fables,B R _ A Brief Introduction to Fable 3,Jean de La Fontaine (16211695) French write
6、r,A Brief Introduction to Fable,B R _ Two Famous Fables 1,Two Famous Fables,Here are some pictures about two famous fables. One is an Aesops fable; the other is a Chinese one. In small groups, students are required to talk about the pictures and think of the following questions.1. What are the names
7、 of the fables? 2. What lessons can we draw from the fables?,Fable 1,Fable 2,B R _ Two Famous Fables 2,The Fox and the Grapes,One day a fox passed under a vine. From the vine a lot of grapes were hanging.He was very hungry and thirsty. He said, “What a fine vine it is! The grapes on the vine look ve
8、ry nice and sweet.”,B R _ Two Famous Fables 3,The color of the grapes was green. The grapes were very big. And the grapes were so big and beautiful that the fox wanted to eat them.The fox said, “I am thirsty and hungry. I want to eat the grapes now.” The fox jumped. The grapes were too high. He trie
9、d everything to get the grapes. But it was in vain.At last the fox said, “The grapes are too sour to eat. I dont want to get the poor grapes.”,B R _ Two Famous Fables 4,Making His Mark,B R _ Two Famous Fables 5,A man from the state of Chu was crossing a river. In the boat, his sword fell into the wa
10、ter. Immediately he made a mark on the boat. “This is where my sword fell off,” he said. When the boat stopped moving, he went into the water to look for his sword at the place where he had marked the boat. The boat had moved but the sword had not. Is this not a very foolish way to look for a sword?
11、,Making His Mark,B R _ Some Famous English Sayings from Fables,Some Famous English Sayings from Fables,Here are some famous sayings in English. You are required to answer the following questions and then tell each fable as briefly as possible.1. What are the Chinese equivalents of these sayings? 2.
12、From which fable does each saying come?,Sour grapes.,Killing the goose that lays the golden eggs.,One good turn deserves another.,Dont count your chickens before theyre hatched.,Click the sayings to see the details!,B R _ Sour grapes,Sour grapes.,It means “酸葡萄” in Chinese. This saying comes from the
13、 fable The Fox and the Grapes. In it the fox cannot reach the grapes. Disappointed, the animal says that the grapes are sour and that they are “not fit for a gentlemans eating.”,B R _ Killing the goose that lays the golden eggs,Killing the goose that lays the golden eggs.,It means “杀鸡取卵” in Chinese.
14、 This saying comes from the fable The Goose with the Golden Eggs. In it the owner of the goose is not satisfied with one golden egg a day. He cuts the goose open to see if there is gold inside.,B R _ One good turn deserves another.,One good turn deserves another.,It means “善有善报” in Chinese. This say
15、ing comes from the fable The Dove and the Ant. In it a dove saves an ant from drowning in a river. Later the ant saves the doves life by stinging a hunter in the foot, making him miss his aim at the dove.,B R _ Dont count your chickens before theyre hatched.,Dont count your chickens before theyre ha
16、tched.,It means “蛋未孵别先数小鸡” in Chinese. This saying comes from the fable The Maid and the Pail of Milk. In it a girl carries a pail of milk on her head. She dreams about the eggs she will buy when she sells the milk. The,eggs will hatch; then she will sell the chickens. With the money she has earned,
17、 she will buy fine clothes for herself. Thinking about the new clothes, the girl becomes so happy that she merrily tosses her head and spills the milk.,B R _ A Brief Introduction to Adam Smith 1,A Brief Introduction to Adam Smith,Adam Smith (17231790): British philosopher and economist,B R _ A Brief
18、 Introduction to Adam Smith 2,Adam Smith, economist and philosopher (哲学家), was born in Kirkcaldy, Scotland in 1723. At Glasgow University he became a professor of logic (逻辑学) (1751) and moral (道德) philosophy (17521763). As a tutor to the Duke of Buccleuch he traveled the Continent from 1764 to 1766.
19、 In 1776 he moved to Edinburgh as commissioner (专员) of customs for Scotland. He died there in 1790. He is considered the father of modern economic theory. His famous work The Wealth of Nations points out that labor is the only source of a nations wealth.,B R _ Chronology of Adam Smith 1,Chronology o
20、f Adam Smith, 1723Born in , Scotland. 1737 1746Educated at 1748 1751Gave lectures on rhetoric (修辞学) and belles-lettres (纯文学) in,Kirkcaldy,the Universities of Glasgow and Oxford.,Edinburgh., 1752 1764Appointed professor of moral philosophy at the University of Glasgow.,B R _ Chronology of Adam Smith
21、2, 1759His first book, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, waspublished. 1764 1766Traveled France and Switzerland as tutor to the Duke of Buccleuch and met Turgot and Necker in Paris and discussed their economic ideas., 1766 1776Lived in Kirkcaldy preparing The Wealth of Nations.,B R _ Chronology of Ada
22、m Smith 3, 1778Appointed commissioner (专员) of customs and went to live in Edinburgh. July 17, 1790Died.,B R _ Kirkcaldy,Kirkcaldy,Scotland,B R _ Scotland,Oxford University,B R _ Edinburgh,Edinburgh, Scotland,B R _ The Wealth of Nations,The Wealth of Nations,This is an important work of economic and
23、social theory by Adam Smith, published in 1776. Its full title was An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. In it he analyzed the relationship between work and the production of a nations wealth. His conclusion was that the best economic situation results from encouraging free
24、 enterprise (an economic system in which there is open competition in business and trade, and no government control). This idea has had a great influence on economic theories since and it formed the basis of the economic policies of the Conservative government in Britain in the 1980s.,B R _ U. C. L.
25、 A.-1,U. C. L. A.,U.C.L.A. stands for University of California at Los Angeles. It is the largest of eight branches of the University of California. It was established in 1919 and now has about 35,000 students. Maybe because of its location close to Hollywood, the school is known especially for its f
26、ilm studies and the campus is used for some television and movie shoots.,G R _ main,Part Division of the Text,Further Understanding,G R _ Further Understanding-main,For Part 1,For Part 2 Rearrange the Order of the Pictures,Further Understanding,Interview,Questions and Answers,G R _ Part Division of
27、the Text 1,Part Division of the Text,110,1124,Teenagers idleness and ignorance will produce serious effects on all concerned and for society as a whole.,Kevin 1990 comes to realize in his dream how much lack of education costs his forebears, and may cost himself, his children and the society they li
28、ve in, and how important it is to study hard.,2,1. the happening in the drugstore the reason why the author went there; a dialogue between the salesgirl and him 2. the authors feeling to the happening the problems American teenagers are facing such as ignorance, poor ability of calculations and othe
29、r things 3. something about the son of the authors friend 4. the authors purpose of offering a fable,G R _ Interview 1,Interview,Suppose you are a journalist and your partner is the author of the text. You have an interview with him. The interview should cover the following points:,G R _ Questions a
30、nd Answers1,Questions and Answers,1. Why did the author go to the drugstore one day?,He wanted to buy some file folders.,2. How old was the salesgirl?,3. What was the salesgirls reaction to the authors mental arithmetic (心算)?,Under 20 years old.,She was very surprised at it.,G R _ Questions and Answ
31、ers2,5. What was the author?,He was a teacher at a college.,4. Did the salesgirl believe that the author did calculations by magic? Why or why not?,Yes. Maybe she believed it because she couldnever do that.,6. What did the author think of American teenagers?,He thought they are ignorant and lacking
32、in knowledge of world history and geography.,G R _ Questions and Answers3,7. In the authors opinion, what was the most serious problem for American teenagers?,8. Why did the author give us the example of his friends son?,9. According to the author, what would happen if there was an idle, ignorant la
33、bor force in a modern industrial state?,They were indifferent to their ignorance.,He just intended to show the seriousness of the problem.,There would be many problems in society such as plane crashes, computer jams and breakdowns of cars.,G R _ Questions and Answers4,10. What was the authors purpos
34、e of offering a fable?,He just wanted to make American teenagers understand the danger of their ignorance and intellectual laziness.,G R _ Rearrange the Order of the Pictures 1,Each of the following pictures stands for a Kevin Hanley in a certain year. Match the picture with the description and then
35、 tell the class how this Kevin lives. Kevin 1835, a poor peasant in Ireland Kevin 1928, a steel-mill worker in Pittsburgh, U.S.A. Kevin 1945, a soldier fighting the Japanese army Kevin 1966, a student who studies all the time so as to get into college and law school Kevin 1990, a cleaner in a Japane
36、se-owned factory Kevin 2020, a porter in a hotel for wealthy Europeans and Asians Kevin 2050, living in a slum and searching through trash piles for food,Rearrange the Order of the Pictures,B,D,G,E,C,F,A,Kevin 2050 ( ),Kevin 1835 ( ),Kevin 1928 ( ),Kevin 1945 ( ),Kevin 1966 ( ),Kevin 1990 ( ),Kevin
37、2020 ( ),G R _ Rearrange the Order of the Pictures 2,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,Rearrange the Order of the Pictures,D R _ Text 1,One day last fall, I ran out of file folders and went to the drugstore to buy more. I put a handful of folders on the counter and asked a teenage salesgirl how much they cost. “I dont
38、know,” she answered. “But its 12 cents each.”I counted the folders. “Twenty-three at 12 cents each, that makes $2.76 before tax,” I said.“You did that in your head?” she asked in amazement. “How can you do that?”,Fable of the Lazy Teenager,Benjamin Stein,D R _ Text 2,“Its magic,” I said.“Really?” sh
39、e asked.No modestly educated adult can fail to be upset by such an experience. While our children seem better-natured than ever, they are so ignorant and so ignorant of their ignorance that they frighten me. In a class of 60 seniors at a private college where I recently taught, not one student could
40、 write a short paper without misspellings. Not one.But this is just a tiny slice of the problem. The ability to perform even the simplest calculations is only a memory among many students I see, and their knowledge of world history or geography is nonexistent.,D R _ Text 3,Moreover, there is a chill
41、ing indifference about all this ignorance. The attitude was summed up by a friends bright, lazy 16-year-old son, who explained why he preferred not to go to U.C.L.A. “I dont want to have to compete with Asians,” he said. “They work hard and know everything.”,In fact, this young man will have to comp
42、ete with Asians whether he wants to or not. He cannot live forever on the financial, material and human capital accumulated by his ancestors. At some point soon, his intellectual laziness will seriously affect his way of life. It will also affect the rest of us. A modern industrial state cannot func
43、tion with an idle, ignorant labor force. Planes will crash. Computers will jam. Cars will break down.,D R _ Text 4,To drive this message home to such young Americans, I have a humble suggestion: a movie, or TV series, dramatizing just how difficult it was for this country to get where it is and how
44、easily it could all be lost. I offer the following fable.As the story opens, our hero, Kevin Hanley 1990, a 17-year-old high school senior, is sitting in his room, feeling bitter. His parents insist he study for his European history test. He wants to go shopping for headphones for his portable CD pl
45、ayer. The book he is forced to read The Wealth of Nations puts him to sleep.,able to feed himself and help his family. But Hanleys poverty allows no leisure for such luxuries as going to school. Without education and money, he is powerless. His only hope lies in his children. If they are educated, t
46、hey will have a better life.,D R _ Text 5,Kevin dreams it is 1835, and he is his own great-great-great-grandfather at 17, a peasant in County Kerry, Ireland. He lives in a small hut and sleeps next to a pig. He is always hungry and must search for food. His greatest wish is to learn to read and writ
47、e so he might get a job as a clerk. With steady wages, he would be,Our fable fast-forwards and Kevin Hanley 1990 is now his own great-grandfather, Kevin Hanley, 1928. He, too, is 17 years old, and he works in a steel mill in Pittsburgh. His father came to America from Ireland and helped build the Ne
48、w York City subway.,D R _ Text 6,Kevin Hanley 1928 is far better off than either his father or his grandfather. He can read and write. His wages are far better than anything his ancestors had in Ireland.,Next Kevin Hanley 1990 dreams that he is Kevin Hanley 1945, his own grandfather, fighting on Iwo
49、 Jima against a most determined foe, the Japanese army. He is,D R _ Text 7,always hot, always hungry, always scared. One night in a foxhole, he tells a friend why he is there: “So my son and his son can live in peace and security. When I get back, Ill work hard and send my boy to college so he can l
50、ive by his brains instead of his back.”,D R _ Text 8,Then Kevin Hanley 1990 is his own father, Kevin Hanley 1966, who studies all the time so he can get into college and law school. He lives in a fine house. He has never seen anything but peace and plenty. He tells his girl friend that when he has a son, he wont make him study all the time, as his father makes him.At that point, Kevin Hanley 1990 wakes up, shaken by his dream. He is relieved to be away from Ireland and the steel mill and Iwo Jima. He goes back to sleep.,
