1、被 动 语 态 讲 解一、基本情况：英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态两种，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。二、构成：陈述句：主语+助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词（be 有人称、数和时态的变化）肯定句：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词否定句：主语+be+not+及物动词的过去分词一般疑问句：Be+主语+ 及物动词的过去分词+?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式+？三、被动语态的用法：1 不知道动作的执行者是谁。2 没有必要指出动作的执行者。3 只需强调动作的承受者。四、主动语态变被动语态的基本步骤：1.将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语，主动语态中的主语变为被动
2、语态中的介词 by 的宾语.2.将主动语态中的谓语动词变成 “助动词 be+该动词的过去分词”注意时态不变。3.助动词要与新的主语保持“数”的一致；若主语和宾语是人称代词时， “格”应作相应的变化。如：The workers make machines in this factory.主语 谓语 宾语 其他成分Machines are made by the workers in this factory.主语 谓语 by 的宾语 其他成分知识点 2：被动语态在各种时态下的构成时态 结构 例句一般现在时 am/is/are +过去分词 We are taught English by her.
3、由她教我们英语。一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 A present was given to me by Mary.玛丽给了我一件礼物。一般将来时 will/shall/be going to be+过去分词The desk will be mended by him.这张桌子将由他修理。现在进行时 am/is/are +being + 过去分词The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墙壁。过去进行时 was/were +being + 过去分词The talk was being given at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候正
4、在作报告。现在完成时 have/has been+过去分词The flowers have been watered.这些花已经被浇了。过去完成时 had been+过去分词 She said this lift had never been used.过去将来时 would/should/be going to be+过去分词The film would be shown again sometime next week. 这部电影下周的某个时候又将上映。情态动词 情态动词+be+ 过去分词（其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，“be+过去分词“部分不变）例 1：Tables can be
5、made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。例 2：Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。 （一般过去时）例 3：Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）五、各种形式的被动语态：（一） 、各种时态的被动语态：1 一般现在进行时的被动语态：构成：主语+助动词 am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词A lot of books are kept in our school library.2. 一般过去时的被动语态：构成：主语+助动词 was/were+及物动词的过去分词A t
6、hief was caught last night.They were asked to speak at the meeting.3. 现在进行时的被动语态：构成：主语+助动词 am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词A new library is being put up in the school now.The machines are being repaired.4. 一般将来时的被动语态：构成：主语+will/be going to +be+及物动词的过去分词The Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in 2008.现在完成
7、时的被动语态：构成：主语+have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词My bag has been stolen.This airport has never been used.(二)、双宾语的被动语态：（1） 含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时，常把那个指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语；（2）也可把指物的直接宾语用作主语，但此时必须在间接宾语前面加上介词 to 或for。1. He gave me a pen.I was given a pen by him.A pen was given to me by him.2. She drew them a picture yesterda
8、y.They were drawn a picture yesterday.A picture was drawn for them yesterday.注意：give, pass, lend, write, show tell 等动词后的介词用 to draw, buy, make, find, cook, keep 等动词后的介词用 for（三）复合宾语的被动语态：若主动语态的句子为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”则变为“宾作主，宾补变主补”I asked him to help me with my English.He was asked to help me with my Engl
9、ish.注意：感觉动词和使役动词在主动句中其后的动词不定式不带 to，但变被动句时 to 必须还原。The boss made her work for 16 hours a day.She was made to work for 16 hours by her boss a day.类似的词有：ask, tell, invent, except, warn, advise, make, let, hear, see, watch, feel, notice.但类似 see sb. doing sth.的句子时则这样变：I hear him reading in the room.He wa
10、s heard reading in the room by me.（四） 、短语动词的被动语态：有些短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有被动语态。但要注意，短语动词是一个不可分割的词组，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉词组末尾的介词或副词。1. The teachers take good care of the children.The children are taken good care of (by the teachers).2. They have sent for the doctor.The doctor has been sent for.(五)、含有情动词的被动语态：(had be
11、tter, would like, have to, be able to, be going to)构成：“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”We must plant trees.Trees must be planted.肯定句：Books can be taken out of the library.否定句：Books cant be taken out of the library.疑问句：Can books be taken out of the library?(六)、以下情况的主动语态不能变为被动语态：不及物动词及部分短语动词词组(take place; happen; b
12、reak out; belong to)没有被动语态，因为没有宾语可变作主语。The story happened in 1999.A fire broke out in his house.The dictionary belongs to me.The meeting will take place next Monday.=The meeting will be held next Monday.2表状态的动词（cost; last; take have; sell; fit; become 等）不能用于被动语态 。The pen costs five yuan.Cold weather
13、 lasts long.This kind of dictionary sells well.3. 当宾语和谓语是一个不可分割的整体时。We had a swim in the river yesterday.The teacher walked into the classroom.4. 当宾语为动词不定式或 Ving 时。I want to write a letter.She finished reading the book.5. 当宾语是反身代词或相互代词时。You should take care of yourself.They often help each other.6.
14、当宾语起状语作用时，表示数量、长度、大小、程度、地点、或处所及方位之类时。The coat cost 100 yuan.（表数量）I paid ten yuan for the dictionary.7. 当系动词作谓语时。 （look, seem, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, turn, become, keep, is, fall 等）He looks worried. The flowers smell good.被动语态练习单项选择 1. Good books _ again and again.A. should be readed B. shou
15、ld be readC. must read D. ought to read 2. The children _ by the nurse.A. were looked B. looked afterC. were looked after D. looked 3. He _ some pieces of advice, but he _ to them.A. gave, didnt listen B. was given, wasnt listenedC. give, wasnt listened D. was given, didnt listen 4. When_ the accide
16、nt _ ?A. was, happen B. did, happenC. is, happen D. was, happened 5. The question _ by us soon.A. is going to discuss B. will discussC. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed 6. The lab _ about five years ago.A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built 7. A lot of tall buildings
17、_ in his hometown in the last three years.A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up 8. They _ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. have been finished 9. Rice _ also _ in their hometown.A. isgrown B. isgrew C. wasgrew
18、D. wasgrown 10. He _ by the teachers.A. is always praised B. praisesC. have been praised D. always is praised 11. Great changes _ place. Many new schools_ .A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are openC. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened 12. The picture_ in October, 1996.A. was taki
19、ng B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken 13. We cant use the bridge now, because it_ .A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired 14. I _the way to the railway station by a policeman.A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing 15. The war_ in 1941.A. broke
20、out B. had been broken outC. was broken out D. had broken out 16. When water_ , it will be changed into vapour.A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats 17. We cant enter the room because its door_ .A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking 18. They _day and night.A. are made work B. are ma
21、de to workC. made to be worked D. are making to work 19. Changan Road is _of people.A. filled B. fill C. full D. fulled 20. Man-made satellites _into space by many countries.A. was sent up B. is sent upC. have been sent up D. has been sent up 21. This English song _ often _ by the children.A. is, si
22、nging B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung 22.The windows of our house _once a week.A. must clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are cleaned 23. When _ the Peoples Republic of China_ ?A. was, found B. was, founded C. did, found D. does, found 24. Marys radio _ by my brother just now.A. will be m
23、ended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended 25. Your exercise books _ after class.A. will hand in B. must hand in C. handed in D. must be handed in 26. Some trees may _ at other times of the year.A. be planted B. plant C. are planted D. will be planted 27. The sun _ at night as usual.A. can be seen
24、B. cant see C. cant be seen D. doesnt see 28. A new English play _ there next week.A. will put on B. will be put on C. is going to put on D. will be putted on 29. A strange thing _ in our school yesterday.A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen 30. The glass _ . It _
25、by little Tom this morning.A. broke, is broken B. is broken, was brokenC. was broken, broke D. has been broken, broken 把下列句子改为被动语态 1. I saw the boy run yesterday. 2. He told me that he would come back soon. 3. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages. 4. Do you water your flowers every day? 5. The wind blew down the big tree last night. 6. I think that he is right. 7. He had not thrown the bad food. 8. Mother was not mending the trousers. 9. They would not take him to Beijing. 10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time.
