1、 1 / 3介词 by 用法精讲练一、用法详解1. 表示场所，意为“在旁边” “在近旁” “在手边” ，此时要注意它与介词 near 有所不同，即 by 表示的距离更“近” 。比较： He lives by the sea. 他住在海滨。 He lives near the sea. 他住在离海不远处。 2. 表示动词执行者，主要用于被动语态，此时要注意它与介词 with 的区别：by 表示动作的主体，with 表示动作者的手段工具。如： The house was destroyed by fire. 此屋被大火烧毁。 （fire 是动作的主体，此句的主动形式为 Fire destroyed
2、 the house.） The house was destroyed with fire. 此屋是（被人）用火烧毁的。 （fire 只是工具，动作的主体另有其人，此句可认为省略了一个 by 短语，如 by someone 之类的，其主动形式可以是 Someone destroyed the house with fire.） 3. 表示手段或方式等，注意以下用法： (1) 表示 “乘 ”“坐”时，其后接交通工具（如 bus, bike, train, plane, car, taxi, ship 等）或与交通工具密切相关的名词（如 air, water, land, road 等） ，在句
3、中主要用作方式状语，其中通常不用冠词或其他限定词。如： They came here by the first bus. 他们是坐第一班车来的。 但是，若表示交通工具的名词前插有定语修饰语，则也可以用冠词。如： Were going by the 9:30 train. 我们坐 9:30 的火车去。 We went to Shanghai by a large ship. 我们乘一艘大船去上海。 注意，汉语说“步行” ，英语习惯上用 on foot, 而不用 by foot。 (2) 注意以下表示方式的有用表达，其中不用冠词或其他限定词： by phone 用电话 by telegram 用电
4、报 by letter 用信件 by express 用快件 by air mail 用航空邮件 by ordinary mail 用平信 by post 用邮寄 by radio 用无线电 by hand 用手工 by machine 用机器二、典例分析2 / 31.（2013重庆中考）You can improve your English_ practicing more.A. by B. with C. of D. in【解析】考查介词的用法。句意为“你可以通过多练习来提高你的英语” 。by意为“通过” ，符合语境。答案：A。2.（2013吉林中考）How do you get to
5、work, Emma?I get to work_ bike.【解析】考查介词。by 后直接接交通工具类名词，by bike 表示“骑自行车” 。答案：by。三、易混辨析 by, with, in, through, use1. by 通过方法、手段，如交通工具等。go there by plane 乘飞机去那里The poor blind girl learned to play the piano by listening. 这个可怜的盲女通过听来学弹钢琴。2. with 使用工具、方法等。She drew the picture with a short pencil. 她用一支短铅笔画
6、了这幅画。3. in 用某种材料或某种语言，或者表示衣着、声调、特点等。He read the text in a low voice. 他低声地读课文。The girl in red is my sister. 穿红衣服的女孩是我的妹妹。4.“through+名词”在指方法和手段时，意为 “经由；通过；以 ”，强调原因、理由和作用，作“由于”解。He made many mistakes in the exam through his carelessness.由于粗心大意，他在考试中犯了许多错误。5. use 当动词讲时，虽然也表示“用” ，但它在句子中的功能不同，常用作谓语。May I
7、use your English dictionary? 我可以用一下你的英语词典吗？四、针对性训练I. by, with, in, through, use 填空1 He dug a hole in the ground_ his bare hands（空手）.2 May I _ your knife to cut my pencil?3 / 33 He said_ a low voice, “ Go to your seat.”4 You can make a living_ borrowing some money from your friends.5 They have made m
8、uch progress_ their hard work.II. 单项选择1. The two kids practice spoken English_ joining the English club.A. by B. in C. on D. with2. My father goes to work_ his car.A. by B. in C. on D. at3._ does her brother improve his English?He improves it_ asking the teacher for help.A. How, by B. What, with C. Why, in D. What, with4. We walk_ our feet and we see_ our eyes.A. with, with B. in, in C. use, use D. by, by5. The river goes_ the forest.A. by B. in C. through D. over参考答案I1. with 2. use 3. in 4. by 5. throughII1-5 ABAAC
