1、Little, a little, few, a few 的区别:版本一:a littlelittle (形容词)用在不可数名词之前: a little saltlittle salt 一点盐没有多少盐 a fewfew(形容词)用在复数名词之前: a few peoplefew people 有几个人没有几个人a few /few +名词复数, a little /little +不可数名词, a few /a little 表肯定,(一点/一些), few / little 表否定(几乎没有) a little +不可数名词= a bit of + 不可数名词, a little +形容词
2、=a bit +形容词这四种形式也都能用做代词使用,或单独使用或与 of 连用 : 例:-Sugar?-A little,please -要糖吗? -请给一点儿。 Only a few of these are any good 这其中只有几个用得着。 B a litile,a few(形容词和代词) a little 指少量或者说话人认为少的量; a few 指小数目或者说话人认为小的数目。 把 only 放在 a littlea few 之前,是为了强调说话人认为该数量的确很小。 例:Only a few of our customers have accounts 我们的顾客中只有少数人
3、是记账的。 但是把 quite 放在 a few 之前就大大增大了这个数量: I have quite a few books on art 我有不少关于艺术的书。(许多书) C little 和 few(形容词和代词): little 和 few 意为很少或没有,几乎具有否定意义: 例:There was little time for consultation 几乎没有时间商量。 Little is known about the sideeffects of this drug 这种药物有些什么副作用,现在还不大清楚。 Few towns have such splendid trees
4、 有这么好看的树木的城市不多。 little 和 few 的这种用法主要限于书面英语(可能由于在日常会话中 little 和 few 容易被误认为是 a littlea few)。因此,在日常会话中 little 和 few 通常由 hardly any 替代,也可以由动词否定式+muchmany 替代: 例:We saw little 我们没有看到什么。相当于: We saw hadly anything We didnt see much 我们几乎什么都没有看到。 Tourists come here but few stay overnight 有游客到这里来,但很少有人过夜。相当于:
5、Tourists come here but hadly any stay overnight 有游客到这里来,但几乎没有人在这里过夜。 但如果 little 和 few 由 so,very,too,extremely ,comparatively,relatively 等词修饰,就可以较自由地使用。 fewer(比较级)也可以更自由地使用。 例:Im unwilling to try a drug I know so little about 我不乐意服我知之甚少的药。 They have too many technicians,we have too few 他们的技术员太多,而我们的又
6、太少。 There are fewer butterflies every year 蝴蝶的数量每年都在减少。 D a littlelittle(副词) 1 a little 可以: (a)与动词连用: 例:It rained a little during the night 夜里下了一点儿雨。 They grumbled a little about having to wait 他们为要等候抱怨了几句。 (b)与具有“令人不快的 ”意义的形容词和副词连用: 例:a little anxious 有点儿着急 a little annoyed 有点儿不耐烦 a little unwillin
7、gly 有点儿不情愿地 a little impatiently 有点儿不耐心地 (c)与形容词和副词的比较级连用: The paper should be a little thicker 这纸应该再厚一点儿。 Cant you walk a little faster? 你不能走得快一点儿吗? 在(b)中可以用 rather 来代替 a little。 rather 也可以用于比较级之前,但 a little 更常用一些。 在英语口语中 a bit 可以在上述例子中用以替代 a little。 2 在比较正式的文体中,little 主要同 better 或 more 连用: 例:His s
8、econd suggestion was little(=not much) better than his first 他的第二个建议比第一个好不了多少。 He was little( not much) more than a child when his father died 他父亲去世时,他差不多还是个孩子。 在正式的英语中,little 可用在某些动词如 expect,know,suspect,think 等之前: 例:He little expected to find himself in prison 他几乎没有料到自己会进监狱。 He little thought that
9、 one day 他几乎从不曾想过有一天 注意!像 littleknown 和 littleused 这样的形容词的用法: a littleknown painter 一个藉藉无名画家 a little-used footpath 一条几乎没有人走的小道版本二:一、(a) few 与 (a) little 的区别1. 从所修饰的名词来看:(a) few 后接可数名词,且要用复数形式;(a) little 后接不可数名词。如:We had little time to do it. 我们没什么时间做此事。Theres only a little soup left. 只剩下一点儿汤了。He ha
10、s few friends. 他朋友很少。Ill only be away a few minutes. 我只离开几分钟。2. 从所表示的意思来看:上面提到,两者均可表示数量,其主要区别是,(a) few 后接可数名词,(a) little 后接不可数名词。但是,(a) little 还可表示大小。如:Please accept this little gift请接受这件小小的礼物。There are several little towns along the river. 沿河有几个小镇。注意体会下面两句,前面的 little 表示形状或个子“小 ”,后面的 little 表示数量“少”:
11、The little boy is very busy. He has little time to play. 这个小男孩很忙,他很少有时间玩。Its a little animal. It eats only a little food. 那是一个小动物,它只吃一点点食物。3. 从各自的词性来看:在词性方面,两者的共同点是,均可用作形容词或代词;其不同点是,(a) little 还可用作副词,用以修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语。如:He is a little tired. 他有点累了。They are a little bit better now. 现在他们稍好一点了。You sh
12、ould walk a little faster. 你应该走快一点。She was only a little over fifty years old她才五十多一点。二、有 a 与没有 a 的区别不带 a 的 little 和 few 含有否定意义,表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”;带有 a 的 little 和 few 含有肯定意义,表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”。比较:Few people like such things. 没什么人喜欢那样的东西。A few people like such things. 有少数人喜欢那样的东西。He knows little Englis
13、h. 他几乎不懂英语。He knows a little English. 他懂一点点英语。注意,当 few 前不带 a,但带有 the, some these, those 等修饰语时,也表示肯定意义。如:Some few have already left. 有几个已经离开了。The last few winters have been very cold过去几个冬天都很冷。The first few chapters are about his early days前几章谈他的少年时期。三、思维拓展注意两者比较级和最高级的用法及区别:little 的比较级和最高级分别为 less 和le
14、ast,few 的比较级和最高级分别为 fewer 和 fewest。如:Boys think less about dress than girls do. 男孩子不像女孩子那样爱打扮。He has the least money of all of us. 他是我们大家中钱最少的。Fewer radios were sold this year than last. 今年卖掉的收音机比去年少。He tried to finish the work with least money and fewest people. 他设法要用最少的钱和最少的人去完成这项工作。习题练习:区别一:a lit
15、tle 和 little 修饰或代替不可数名词,与 much 相对,表示 “多”;a few 和 few 修饰或代替可数名词与 many 相对,表示“少”。a little 和 a few 含肯定语气, little 和 few 含否定语气。一般说来,在 only, just, still, quite, can, not 等词后用 a little 或 a few;在 very, so, some, the, no 等词后用 little 或 few1. Are the new rules working? Yes. _ books are stolen. (全国卷)A. Few B. Mo
16、re C. Some D. None【分析】答案选 A。句意为:新的规章制度奏效吗?奏效,几乎没什么书被盗了。None后要加 of 才对。2. Would you like some wine? Yes, just _. (全国卷)A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit 【分析】答案选 C。由 yes 和 just 可知,语气肯定,用 a little (wine)。very little 前不可再用 just 修饰。 区别二 little 的比较级和最高级分别是 less, least;few 的比较级和最高级是 fewer, f
17、ewest。如:If we had followed the plan, we could have done the job better with _ money and _ people. (全国卷)A. less; less B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer D. fewer; less【分析】答案选 C。money 是不可数名词,排除 B 和 D;people 是可数名词,排除 A。 区别三比较 a little 和 a bit:a little 和 a bit 都可用来修饰形容词或副词;a little 可直接修饰名词,但 a bit 后要加 of 后才可接名词,如 a little water=a bit of water;not a little =very / much,而 not a bit = not at all。