1、教材版本：人教,册别单元：B1U1,A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. Vygotsky,upset,calm,concern,go through,power,settle,suffer,recover,一词多义 英语释义,辨析义,一词多义 英语释义 搭配义,一词多义,一词多义,一词多义 搭配义,英语释义,重难点词,一词多义 英语释义,2016年很火的一个段子：友谊的小船说翻就翻。你知道船翻了如何表达吗？ The boat was upset. 图中小船被打翻也正好诠释了upset的基本义打翻。,upset,词源,upset的形容词源自
2、于动词，而动词的词源义“安装 (to set up, fix)”已消失不用了，最早出现的现代意义“弄翻；打翻”是它的基本义。,upset 语义网络,打翻 upset 基本义,动词,形容词 (分词形容词),打翻物体,打翻计划,打翻心情, 使生气；使心烦意乱, 打乱；搅乱 (计划、安排等), 弄翻；打翻,打翻胃, 使 (肠胃) 不适,打翻胃,打翻心情, (肠胃) 不适的, 心烦意乱的；难过的,具体,抽象,人,upset 动词, (upset, upset) vt 弄翻；打翻： upset a bowl of soup 打翻一碗汤 The life boat was upset by the wav
3、es. 救生船被大浪打翻了。 打乱；搅乱 (计划、安排等)： He arrived an hour late and upset our plan.他迟到了一个小时，打乱了我们的计划。,动词重音在第二个音节上, 使生气；使心烦意乱 to make sb worry or feel unhappy： This decision is likely to upset a lot of people. 这项决定很可能会使许多人不快。, 使 (肠胃) 不适,释义是几个意思的综合，需借助英语释义来精准理解,upset 形容词, adj (肠胃) 不适的： an upset stomach 肠胃不适 不用
4、于名词前 心烦意乱的；难过的 worried and unhappy： Then the friend moved away and the writer was extremely upset. 后来这个朋友搬走了，作者感到特别难过。 外研 3,读音与动词不同,英语释义, (be) upset to do sth: She was very upset to hear that the holiday had been cancelled. 听说假期取消了，她感到非常失望。 (be) upset + that 从句： Annes sister Margot was very upset th
5、at the family had to move. 安妮的妹妹玛戈特因为她们不得不搬家而感到很烦恼。 人教1 (be) upset about / at / by / over sth: My parents were in a huge argument, and I was really upset about it. 我的父母在激烈地争吵，为此我感到非常心烦。 be upset with sb: Youre not still upset with me, are you? 你不再生我的气了，对吧？,练一练,一、写出下列句子中upset的汉语释义。 1. Keep in mind th
6、at forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you. (2013 辽宁) _ 2. The fact that he has failed several times makes him very upset. (2007 湖北) _,使生气；使心烦意乱,心烦意乱的；难过的,二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1. By the time I reached the farm I was very tired and upset _ Gold
7、ie. (2010 北京) 2. Nobel was upset _ (find) out that he hadnt discovered the truth. (2009 广东改) 3. Walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very upset _ what had happened to the couple. (2014 福建),about,to find,with,calm,话说在这个让人越来越不能淡定的时代，“淡定”这个词却满天飞于是我们来说说，英语中这个可以表示“淡定”的词calm。keep calm、calm down这样的词组都
8、可以用来劝人保持“淡定”。, adj (天气、海洋等) 静的；平静的： The weather was fine and the lake was calm. 天气晴朗，湖面很平静。外研-6 (人) 镇静的；沉着的： If you are lost in the mountains, stay / keep calm in the face of darkness, loneliness, and the unknown. 如果在深山里迷路了，面对黑暗、孤独和未知的情况，要保持镇静。,侧重not nervous, “不慌”,calm /, vt & vi (使) 平静；平静下来 calm do
9、wn (使) 平静下来； (使) 镇静下来： I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down. 我把小鸟放到窝里，它很快平静了下来。2017 全国 When he gets upset, he will take a few deep breaths to calm himself down. 心烦时，他会深深地吸几口气以使自己平静下来。, n C & U 平静；镇静： After a storm comes a calm. 暴风雨之后是平静 / 否极泰来。,辨析calm, quiet, still, silent,The
10、man who had his bright lights on 48 came over and told Larry he had 49 made an emergency call. They 50 then heard a womans voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. 51 Approaching the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay 52 _ until the e
11、mergency personnel arrived, 53 but she thought the car was going to 54 explode. Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move 55 in case she injured her neck. 2016 全国卷完形填空 52. A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm,都有“静”的意思，到底选哪个呢, adj 安静的；平静的；僻静的： Keep quiet, please. 请保持安静。
12、 Our school is situated in a quiet area. 我们学校位于一个僻静的地区。 译林-3 文静的；少言寡语的 (silent)： She was quiet and shy.她既文静又腼腆。,侧重not noisy, “不吵”,quiet /, adj 不动的；静止的： They told the injured driver to stay still until the emergency personnel arrived. 他们让受伤的司机在急救人员到来之前不要动。2016全国改,侧重not moving, “不动”,still /, adj 不说话的；
13、沉默的： keep / remain silent 保持沉默 寂静无声的；不发音的： a silent, moonless night 寂静的没有月亮的夜晚 a silent film / movie 无声电影,侧重no sound, “没有声响”、“不语”,silent /,练一练,1) 她在危难中总能保持冷静。 She always _ in time of danger. 2) 平静的海上没有一点迹象显示暴风雨即将来临。 _ gave no sign of the storm that was coming. 3) 大厅里一片安静，但这是暴风雨前的平静。 The hall was ver
14、y quiet, but it was _. 4) 由于被她那些话所感动，他很难平静下来。 Moved by what she said, he could hardly _. 5) 上台表演前，每个人都深吸一口气让自己平静下来。 Before the performance everybody held a deep breath to _.,一、根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子。,remains / keeps / stays calm,The calm sea,the calm before the storm,calm down,calm themselves down,练一练,1) Ev
15、en when she faces disasters like earthquake, she still keeps _. 2) The police tried to get some information from the man, but he remained _. 3) Attention, please. Everybody! Please stay _ while I take a photograph of you. 4) The waters of the lake are so _ that it looks like glass. 5) He tried to be
16、 _, but his trembling hands gave him away. 6) When you are in a library, you must be _.,二、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。,calm,silent,still,calm,calm,quiet,范仲淹的岳阳楼记中，“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”这句名言已成为千古名句，在古往今来历来传诵。今天我们先来看一看他的几种英文翻译。 1. Be the first to feel concern about state affairs and the last to enjoy yourself! 2. Be con
17、cerned about the affairs of state before others, and enjoy comfort after others. 3. All Party cadres should be concerned about the country and the people before anything else. They should be the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy. 通过上面的翻译我们发现诗句中的“忧”可以翻译成concern或者concerned。,concern,concern
18、词源义,通过查阅词源字典获知concern词源义为“关于；与有关”；17世纪又引申出了“使担心 (worry)”之意。concern的汉语释义比较灵活，很难准确理解，需要借助英语释义来帮助理解。,concern vt 关于；与有关 to be about sth； 涉及；牵涉 to affect / involve sb / sth： This article concerns some studying methods. 这篇文章是关于学习方法的。 The film concerns a girl who goes to Africa as a volunteer. 这部电影讲的是一个女孩到
19、非洲 当志愿者的故事。 Please pay attention because this information concerns all of you. 请注意，因为这条消息 涉及你们每一个人。,英文释义帮助理解,。, 使担心 to worry sb： My fathers illness concerns us greatly. 父亲的病情使我们很担心。 It concerned her that her son hadnt been back home. 儿子还没回家让她很 担心。concern oneself with 正式用语 关心；担心： A good doctor should
20、 always concern himself with his patients. 好医生应当时时刻刻关心他的病人。,正式场合或文体中常用,concern的名词释义和动词相关,concern, vt 关于；与有关 (词源义), vt 使担心, n 关心,n U 担心；忧虑 a feeling of worry about sth important： the growing concern about / for / over continuing high unemployment 对居高不下的失业率的日益担忧 U 关心 a feeling of wanting to protect an
21、d help sb / sth： Thank you for your concern. 谢谢你的 关心。2014 四川书面表达 I appreciate everyones concern and help at this difficult time. 我很感激大家 在我困难的时刻对我的关心和帮助。,英文释义帮助理解, C 担心的事；关心的事 sth that worries you or that is important to you： The quality of books is a main concern to editors. 编辑们主要关心书的质量。What are you
22、r main concerns as a writer? 作为作家，你最关心什么？,抽象名词具体化,concerned 不用于名词前 有关的；有关联的： be concerned with / in: People concerned in the event were all punished. 跟此事有关的人都受到了惩罚。 Her job is something concerned with computers. 她的工作跟计算机有关。 担忧的；关心的 worried about sth, or caring about sb： be concerned about / for Im a
23、 bit concerned about / for her safety. 我有点担心她的安全。 Parents are all concerned about / for their children.父母都关心自己的孩子。,【词汇拓展】,关注的；关切的 believing that sth is important： be concerned with: More people are concerned with the protection of endangered animals. 更多的人关注濒危动物的保护工作。 They were more concerned with ho
24、w the other women had dressed than in what the speaker was saying. 她们对其他女性的衣着打扮比对发言 人的讲话更关注。,as far as be concerned 就而言；关于： As far as Im concerned, riding bicycles is a good solution to air pollution. 我个人认为，骑自行 车是一个解决空气污染的好办法。 2011 江西书面表达改 Im doing fine as far as history is concerned, but my math is
25、 not good. 就历史而言，我学得不错，但是 数学就不行了。,写作中会加分的结构,concerning R1 正式用语 prep 关于 (regarding with / regard to)： various questions concerning pollution and environment 有关污染和环境的各种问题,【词汇拓展】,一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。 1. Officials should concern themselves _ public affairs. 2. The meeting was concerned _ reforms and everyon
26、e present was concerned _ their own interests. 3. The news shocked the public, leading to great concern _ students safety at school. (2010重庆 单项填空) 4. The concern _ a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink how they do business.,with,with,for,about/for/over,for/about/over,练一练,二、用con
27、cern的适当形式填空。 1. The letter has been given to person _. 2. One of the _ that people have is the side effects of treatment. 3. As far as Americans _, a lot of our hotels are below average. 4. As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can get hold of _ music, and takes every opportunity to impro
28、ve herself. (2014福建 单项填空),concerned,concerns,concerning,are concerned,三、根据所给汉语，完成句子。1. Nowadays people _ (更关心他们所居住的环境). (2013四川单项填空) 2. _(就我个人而言), riding bicycles is a good solution. (2011江西书面表达)3. Parents _(关注孩子们的课程选择).(2009山东阅读理解)4. There was no evidence that he _ (与任何犯罪活动有关).,are more concerned a
29、bout / for the environment where they live,As far as Im concerned,are concerned with childrens subject selection,was concerned in / with any criminal activity,go through,A person must go through a hard struggle, will accomplish something. 一个人必须经过一番刻苦奋斗，才会有所成就。安徒生,go through,go through为高频多义短语动词，学生最熟悉
30、的释义是“穿过”，是该短语的字面意义，也是其基本义，强调 “从一端到另一端” 或 “从头到尾”。,从事件中穿过,从空间中穿过,从过程和程序中穿过,go through 的语义网络,从文档等的细节中穿过, 穿过： It took them an entire day to go through the forest. 他们花了整整一天时间才 走出那片森林。 经历 to experience or suffer sth： Go through those things that seem impossible, and achieve what we never believed we could
31、. 去经历那些似 乎不可能做到的事，去取得我们从未相 信过自己能取得的成就。 2013 广东改, 仔细检查： Id be very grateful if you could take some time to go through my resume and make necessary changes. 如果你能拿 出一些时间仔细检查我的简历 并做必要的修改，我将不胜感 激。2016 全国书面表达改 (提案等) 被通过： It is said that the new school rule didnt go through.据说新校规没 有被通过。,1. 短语动词是英语学习中的重难点。和
32、高频多义词一样，高频多义的短语动词也可以通过基本义来帮助记忆其他释义； 2. 学习短语动词一定要结合语境； 3. 结合英语释义和近义词进行学习，可在练习时将句子中的动词 (如suffer)替换成同样意思的短语动词 (如go through)，或将短语动词与其近义词进行匹配； 4. 短语动词的学习还可以从小品词 (particle), 如through入手；,【notes】,5. 帮助学生在阅读时，养成发现短语动词并在下面画线，并结合上下文依据其基本义猜测词义的习惯，不要一碰到不知道的短语动词就马上查词典。如：On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama
33、, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks. (2016 全国
34、) 。,注意事项,1. 不建议集中呈现动词相同、小品词不同的短语动词，容易混淆； 2. 不建议区分小品词是介词还是副词，会增加学生负担，应把短语动词看作一个整体； 3. 短语动词给英语学习者造成较大困难，应引起重视。,一、根据句意选出go through的最佳释义。 穿过 经历 仔细检查 (提案等) 被通过 _ 1. On the way to success, he abandoned a lot and went through great hardship. _ 2. The path goes through a wood before rejoining the main road
35、was growing. _ 3. The bill might have gone through if the economy was growing. _ 4. I went through the items on the list one by one.,练一练,_2. The boys went through two whole loaves of bread. _ 3. Her knees had gone through her jeans.,吃完 / 用完 / 耗尽,磨破,二、根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。 _1. Ive gone through all my pock
36、ets but I cant find my keys.,翻遍,power,开心一刻,power n U 能力；可用复数 (生理) 机能： I will do everything in my power to help you. 我会尽全力帮助你。 After the accident she lost the power of speech. 那次事故后，她失去了说话能力。 The drug may affect your powers of concentration. 这种药可能会影响你的注意力。 U 力量；威力： Every storm is an example of the po
37、wer of nature. 每场暴风雨都是大自然威力的例证。,常用搭配,四者都有“力”、“力量”之意，但具体意思不同。force 指外力、强迫力、破坏力 (包括武力)；物理学中指“力”。 The force of the explosion blew out all the windows. 爆炸的冲击力把所有的窗子都震碎了。energy 指人的精力、活力；物理学中指“能量”。 Where does the little girl get her energy? 小女孩哪儿来的那么多精力？ the worlds energy resources 世界能源,辨 force, energy, s
38、trength, power,strength 指人体或物体内存在的力，如气力、耐力、抵抗力。 She didnt even have the strength to stand up. 她连站起来的力气都没有。 The boy lifted the stone with all his strength. 那个男孩使尽全身力气搬起了那块石头。power 指人的权力、势力、能力，物的“能力”。 物理学中指“动力”、“功率”。 I will do everything in my power to help you. 我会尽我所能帮你。, U 控制力；影响力： Once you are conf
39、ident about your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stones to success. 一旦你对自己掌控恶劣局势的能力感到自信，难题 就是你迈向成功的垫脚石。 2010 广东 He made the mistake of underestimating the power of the press. 他犯的错误是低估了新闻界的影响力。 U 统治；政权： a political party in power 执政党 The party came to power at the last election.
40、 这个政党是在上次大选中上台执政的。,注意介词搭配,常用搭配, U 权力；职权： More than fame or fortune, she wanted power. 她对权力的渴望甚于名声和财富。 C 大国；强国： an industrial power 工业大国 world powers 世界强国 U 动力；电力；功率： wind / nuclear / solar power 风 / 核 / 太阳能 a power station 发电站 a power failure / cut 停电 engine power 发动机功率, vt 驱动；推动： The aircraft is po
41、wered by a jet engine. 这架飞机由喷气发动机驱动。,词汇拓展, adj 强壮的；强健的： a powerful body 强健的体魄 强大的；有权势的： Never before has our country been so powerful as it is today. 我们的祖国从来没有像现在这样强大。 作用大的；效力大的 having a strong effect： The insect contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes. 这种昆虫含有一种强效的药物，可以防止蚊虫叮咬。 人教4改 Good te
42、amwork is a powerful tool (= very effective method) for effective management. 良好的团队是有效管理的利器。,adv 强有力地,powerful ,一、在横线上写出画线词的汉语释义。_ 1. I had a strong belief in my power to get what I wanted. (2011 陕西阅读) _ 2. People are advised to build up physical power. (2015 天津阅读改) _ 3. I was now fascinated (迷住) by
43、 the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a persons world. (2016 上海阅读) _ 4. Governments ruled with absolute (绝对的) power. (2015 江苏阅读)_ 5. Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.,练一练,能力,体力,力量,权力,风能,二、根据汉语和所给提示完成下列句子。1. 很抱歉，我无权就这个项目做最终的决
44、定。(beyond) I am sorry _ to make a final decesion on the project. 2. 他们家里总备有蜡烛以防停电。(in case) They always keep candles in the house _.3. 总理在会上作了一场有感染力的演说。(make) The Prime Minister _ at the meeting. 4. 那位著名的运动员有非常健壮的体魄。(have) The famous athlete _. _,its beyond my power,in case there is a power cut,made
45、 a powerful speech,has a powerful body,settle,猜猜settle的释义 Remember that everything can be settled by discussion. Im glad to learn that youve settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local way of life. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was
46、approaching their table.,教学建议,培养学生建立基本义 (或词源义) 和衍生义之间的联系，以及依据基本义在语境中推测词义的能力。根据settle的词源义“停止移动、定下来”，启发学生理解各层衍生义； 掌握settle各层释义下的相关搭配； 重点掌握settle down的释义，了解其他短语动词的释义。,settle词源义,settle v vi & vt 坐下；(使) 处于舒适的位置 to get into or put sb into a comfortable position： The dog settled on the grass to enjoy its b
47、one. 那条狗舒服地坐在草地上享受骨头的美味。 She settled herself into her chair and started to read. 她舒舒服服地坐在椅子上开始看书。 vi & vt (移民、殖民) 定居 (于) to make a place your permanent home： We settled happily into our new life in the town. 我们高兴地在那个镇上定居下来，开始了新的生活。 This region was settled by the Dutch in the 19th century. 这个地区在19世纪开始有荷兰人定居。,
