1、“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Joshua Beier Joshua Beier Technical Sales & Completions Engineer Technical Sales & Completions Engineer Halliburton Completion Tools Halliburton Completion Tools 哈里伯顿 哈里伯顿 Packer Technology 封隔器“For External Distribution. 2004 Hallib
2、urton. All Rights Reserved.” Where do packers fit into well design? 封 隔器在井设计中的应用 After the well has been: 1. Drilled 2. Logged 3. Casing Installed and Cemented 4. Perforated ( Sometimes)“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” What is a Packer? 什么是封隔 器 A packer is a down-h
3、ole device used to form an annular seal between two concentric strings of pipe, or between the pipe and the wall of the open hole.封隔器是一种密封两个同心 管柱之间环空的井下装置。 TUBING SEAL CASING“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Types of Packers 封隔器类型 Four groups: Permanent Packers 永久式
4、Seal Bore and Non-Seal Bore Arrangements Wireline-Set Hydraulic-Set Hydrostatic-Set Seal Bore Retrievable Packers 密封筒可回收式 Wireline-Set Hydraulic-Set Hydrostatic-Set Mechanical Retrievable Packers机械可回收式 Hydraulic Retrievable Packers 液压可回收式“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reser
5、ved.” Protection of the casing string from: 保护套管 High Pressure 高压 Corrosion 腐蚀 TUBING CASING PACKER Why are packers used? 为什么 使用封隔器“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Safety and control over the formation 安全 控制地层 The packer can act as a downhole valve for pressure con
6、trol. 作为井下阀控制压力 The packer can act as a temporary plug to seal off the zone while work is done up the wellbore. 临时堵塞井筒 Subsurface safety valves are used with packers to shut in a well downhole in the event of damage to surface equipment. 与 安全阀共同控制井下 CONTROL LINE CONTROL LINE PACKER PACKER TUBING TUB
7、ING SCSSV SCSSV CASING CASING Why are packers used?“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Energy Conservation 能量保 持 The packer acts as a “funnel” to divert produced fluids into the smaller diameter tubing string. This increases velocity, keeping oil, gas, and water inter
8、mingled, maximizing the use of reservoir energy. 像漏斗一样加速液体流动 速度，保持液体混合，最大的利用地层能量 TUBING TUBING SEALS SEALS SLIPS SLIPS CASING CASING MANDREL MANDREL HOLLOW HOLLOW Why are packers used?“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Energy Conservation When more than one zone is p
9、erforated, packers are used to isolate them for maximum production from each. 分 离 产层，最大化 生产 SELECTIVE completion. 选择性完井 VALVE SLIP PACKING ELEMENT SETTING PORT HYDRAULIC SETTING CYLINDER SLIDING SLEEVE BLANKING PLUG VALVE SLIP PACKING ELEMENT SETTING PORT HYDRAULIC SETTING CYLINDER SLIDING SLEEVE BL
10、ANKING PLUG Why are packers used?“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Why are packers used? Operating Requirements 作业要求 During artificial lift operations, such as gas lift or hydraulic pumping, a packer allows the casing annulus to be used as an energy storage area or
11、as a conduit. 在人工举升作业时，封隔器把环空用做储能空 间 SIDE POCKET MANDREL & GAS LIFT VALVE TUBING CASING PACKER SIDE POCKET MANDREL & GAS LIFT VALVE TUBING CASING PACKER“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Completion Design Considerations 完井设计需要考虑的事项“For External Distribution. 2004 Hal
12、liburton. All Rights Reserved.” Packer Selection Criteria 封隔器选择标准 Customer Preference Economics Maximum & Minimum Temperatures Maximum, Operating, Treating, & Shut-In Pressures Casing/Open Hole Size & Weight Tubing Size & Weight Fluids Characteristics H2S & CO2 Well Type (horizontal, vertical, devia
13、ted) Life of the well Packer Setting Depth“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” TUBING LATCHED TO THE PACKER: 油管锁定在 封隔器上 Tubing is not free to move in either direction. 油管不能够自由移动 Pressure and temperature changes will cause tension or compression on the packer. 压力和温度变化将导
14、致拉伸和压缩力作用于封隔器 Completion Design Considerations“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Latched Configuration Advantages: 优点 Best for seal life over time. 密封寿命长 Generally reduces bending stress in lower section of tubing. 减少油管下部的弯曲应力 Short hook-up. Disadvantages: May be mor
15、e difficult to release, particularly in deep or deviated wellbores. 特别是深井和斜井更难脱收 Generally causes higher top joint tension in high pressure treating applications.高压 时加大顶部油管的拉伸力 Less seal redundancy. 更少冗余密封 Completion Design Considerations“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reser
16、ved.” TUBING LANDED ON THE PAKCER: 油管 座落在封隔器上 Tubing cannot move downward due to upset on seal assembly. 油管不能向下移动 Tubing is free to move upward. 可向上移动 Changes in pressure and temperature will cause force to be applied in the downward direction and tubing movement in the upward direction. 压力温 度变化导致向下
17、作用力，油管可向上运动 Completion Design Considerations“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Landed Configurations Advantages: 优点 Easy to install, space out, and retrieve. 易安装配长，回收 Tubing movement generally reduces tension in top joint during high pressure treating. 油管运动减少高压时对油 管的
18、拉伸 Seal redundancy.更少冗余密封 Disadvantages: 缺点 Seal wear / damage over time. 密封易磨损 Tubing movement generally increases bending stress in the lower section of the tubing. 油管运动增加有关下部的弯 曲应力 Stuck seals during treating job could cause additional problems.密封可能遇卡 Completion Design Considerations“For External
19、 Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” TUBING STUNG THROUGH THE PACKER: 油管插入封隔器 Tubing is free to move in either direction. 油管自由运动 Changes in pressures or temperature will result in tubing movement upward or downward. 温度压力变化导致油 管上下运动 Completion Design Considerations“For External Dist
20、ribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Stung Through Configuration Advantages: 优点 Can be run through upper packer of same bore. 可以通过上面的封隔器 Seal redundancy. Disadvantages: Spacing may be critical, requiring careful measurements. 配长重要，要求仔细度量 Seal wear / damage over time. 长期磨损密封 Settling of
21、debris from upper zone may cause sticking / retrieving problems. 沉淀物可能导致插 入回收问题 Completion Design Considerations“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Operating Considerations 作业考虑的因素“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Loads During Life of
22、 Well Completion Installed 完井安装 -400,000 -350,000 -300,000 -250,000 -200,000 -150,000 -100,000 -50,000 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 -12,500 -10,000 -7,500 -5,000 -2,500 0 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 (Above) PRESSURE (psi) (Below) (Compressive) FORCES (lbs) (Tensile -133,446 -
23、111,205 -88,964 -66,723 -44,482 -22,241 0 22,241 44,482 66,723 88,964 -68.948 -51.711 -34.474 -17.237 0 17.237 34.474 51.711 68.948 (Above) PRESSURE (MPa) (Below) (Compressive) FORCES (daN) (Tensile“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Loads During Life of Well Pressure
24、 Test Completion 试压 -400,000 -350,000 -300,000 -250,000 -200,000 -150,000 -100,000 -50,000 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 -12,500 -10,000 -7,500 -5,000 -2,500 0 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 (Above) PRESSURE (psi) (Below) (Compressive) FORCES (lbs) (Tensile -133,446 -111,205 -88,
25、964 -66,723 -44,482 -22,241 0 22,241 44,482 66,723 88,964 -68.948 -51.711 -34.474 -17.237 0 17.237 34.474 51.711 68.948 (Above) PRESSURE (MPa) (Below) (Compressive) FORCES (daN) (Tensile Ptbg Tension“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Loads During Life of Well “Pressu
26、re Below” Test Completion 来自下面的压力 -400,000 -350,000 -300,000 -250,000 -200,000 -150,000 -100,000 -50,000 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 -12,500 -10,000 -7,500 -5,000 -2,500 0 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 (Above) PRESSURE (psi) (Below) (Compressive) FORCES (lbs) (Tensile -133,446
27、 -111,205 -88,964 -66,723 -44,482 -22,241 0 22,241 44,482 66,723 88,964 -68.948 -51.711 -34.474 -17.237 0 17.237 34.474 51.711 68.948 (Above) PRESSURE (MPa) (Below) (Compressive) FORCES (daN) (Tensile Ptbg Tension PBelow“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Loads During
28、 Life of Well “Annulus” Pressure Completion 环空压力 -400,000 -350,000 -300,000 -250,000 -200,000 -150,000 -100,000 -50,000 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 -12,500 -10,000 -7,500 -5,000 -2,500 0 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 (Above) PRESSURE (psi) (Below) (Compressive) FORCES (lbs) (T
29、ensile -133,446 -111,205 -88,964 -66,723 -44,482 -22,241 0 22,241 44,482 66,723 88,964 -68.948 -51.711 -34.474 -17.237 0 17.237 34.474 51.711 68.948 (Above) PRESSURE (MPa) (Below) (Compressive) FORCES (daN) (Tensile Pann Compn“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Loads
30、During Life of Well Production 生产 -400,000 -350,000 -300,000 -250,000 -200,000 -150,000 -100,000 -50,000 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 -12,500 -10,000 -7,500 -5,000 -2,500 0 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 (Above) PRESSURE (psi) (Below) (Compressive) FORCES (lbs) (Tensile -133,446
31、 -111,205 -88,964 -66,723 -44,482 -22,241 0 22,241 44,482 66,723 88,964 -68.948 -51.711 -34.474 -17.237 0 17.237 34.474 51.711 68.948 (Above) PRESSURE (MPa) (Below) (Compressive) FORCES (daN) (Tensile Pflow Reservoir“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Loads During Lif
32、e of Well Packer Envelope 封隔器口袋 -400,000 -350,000 -300,000 -250,000 -200,000 -150,000 -100,000 -50,000 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 -12,500 -10,000 -7,500 -5,000 -2,500 0 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 (Above) PRESSURE (psi) (Below) (Compressive) FORCES (lbs) (Tensile -133,446 -
33、111,205 -88,964 -66,723 -44,482 -22,241 0 22,241 44,482 66,723 88,964 -68.948 -51.711 -34.474 -17.237 0 17.237 34.474 51.711 68.948 (Above) PRESSURE (MPa) (Below) (Compressive) FORCES (daN) (Tensile Pflow Reservoir“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” 第二类液压坐封封隔器 Type II
34、 - Hydraulic Set Packer Description 描述: Tubing pressure set, shear release. 油管打压坐封， 过提解封 Mechanically held, holds pressure from above and below. 机械保持坐封力，保持来自上下压差 Counterbalance valve system. 反平衡阀系统 Applications 应用: Deviated wellbores. 斜井作业 Below hydraulic set dual packers. 可用于双管液压 坐封封隔器之下 Stacked si
35、ngle string completions.单趟多个封隔器 完井管柱 Limitations 局限性: Consider temperature effect and compensate with slack-off weight. 需考虑到下压重量来补偿温度效 应。 VALVE SLIP PACKING ELEMENT SETTING PORT HYDRAULIC SETTING CYLINDER SLIDING SLEEVE BLANKING PLUG“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.”
36、 RH Hydraulic-Set Packer (4-37) Description: Hydraulic set double grip with Hydraulic hold-down Features: No rotation required Opposing slip design Internal fluid bypass reduces swabbing effect Adjustable shear release No mandrel movement operation Optional selective set version“For External Distrib
37、ution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Applications: Producers (7500 psi above and below) Injector wells for zonal isolation Often used in stacked or dual zone installations RH Hydraulic-Set Packer (4-37)“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” PHL HYDRAULIC SET PE
38、RMA-LACH PACKER (4-36) Description: Hydraulic set double grip Features: Slim OD Triple seal multidurometer elements Adjustable Release Release mechanism protected from premature shearing No mandrel movement when setting“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Benefits: Hig
39、h performance at low cost Setting pressures can be adjusted in the field Internal fluid bypass reduces swabbing effects Straight pull to release Multiple packer can be run and set in a one trip Tubing can be spaced out before the packer is set Applications: Single or multi-packer production completi
40、ons Lower packer for dual completion Used as a bridge plug when run with the on-off tool Up to 7500 psi differential PHL HYDRAULIC SET PERMA-LACH PACKER (4-36)“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” AHC/AHR Hydraulic Set Packer (4-15) Description: Hydraulic set double gri
41、p Features: Increased wellbore ID Shear to release or Cut to release High compressive load capability Permanent packer capability Bi-directional slip design = 10,000 psi Applications: High tubing load scenarios (heavy tailpipe) Light weight casing or un-cemented casing Max I.D. is required Steam Wel
42、ls“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Barrel Slip 桶状卡瓦 One Piece, bidirectional, full-circumferential slip. 整体式、双向、全圆周包裹式卡瓦 New manufacturing techniques have further enhanced slip performance. 新的制造技术已经进一步提高了卡瓦的性能 Left milled slots Right Water Jet cut slots“For Externa
43、l Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” HHC Hydrostatic Set AHC Packer (4-18) HHC 静压坐封AHC 封隔器（4-18 ） Description 描述: Hydrostatic set, retrievable single string packer 静压坐封，可回收式单管封隔器 Applications应用: Highly deviated wells or where conventional packer plug setting techniques are not pos
44、sible (non- perforated wells) 大斜度井或常规封隔器堵塞器坐 封技术不可行时可采用（非射孔井） Operation操作: Run on tubing string随油管串下入 Set using available hydrostatic wellbore pressure and applied surface pressure without plugs 在没有堵塞器的情况下，利用已有的 井筒液体静压力和地面施加压力坐封。 Cut-to-release 剪切解封“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All R
45、ights Reserved.” Features 特点: Holds pressure above and below 上下 承压 Patented Barrel Slips专利的筒状卡瓦 Advanced rupture disc technology (available in 500 psi increments with temperature compensation curves) 先进的破裂盘技术 Dual rupture discs for reliability 双破 裂盘增加可靠性 Built-in anti-preset features (hydrostatic mo
46、dule is biased in the closed position) 嵌入式防提前坐封特点 （在封闭位置，液压模块不起作用） Independent contingency setting mechanism防偶然坐封机构 HHC Hydrostatic Set AHC Packer HHC 静压坐封AHC 封隔器“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” Type III - Seal Bore Packer III型- 密封筒封隔器 Description 描述: W/L, Mech., o
47、r Hyd. set. 绳缆，机械 或液压坐封 Permanent or retrievable. 永久或可 回收式 Holds pressure from above and below. 上下承压 Requires tubing seal assembly. 需 要油管密封总成 Applications应用: Production, testing, treating, gravel packing, extreme service. 生 产，测试，作业，砾石充填，特殊服务 Limitations 局限性: Force analysis recommended for all applic
48、ations. 所有应用中需要进行力 学分析 STINGER POLISHED SEAL BORE SLIP PACKING ELEMENT SLIP“For External Distribution. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.” HP Versa-Trieve Packer (VBA) HP Versa-Trieve 封隔器（VBA ） Description描述: High Pressure Retrievable Sealbore Packer高压可 回收密封筒封隔器 Applications应用: Frac-Pack / Gravel Pack 压裂充填/ 砾石充填 Production or injection 生产或注入 Tubing conveyed perforating 油管输送射孔 Operation 操作: WLS or Hydraulic-set with externa
