1、Unit Four Punctuality and CultureUnit Goals:What You Should Learn to Do1. Make / keep / postpone an appointment accordingto a work timetable2. Make reservations according to the timetables of flights and trains3. Understand and make up schedules for different purposes4. Write:a timetablea scheduleWh
2、at You Should Know About1. Punctuality in social activities2. Planning a work day / week3. Use of verb tensesSection Talking Face to FaceImitating Mini-TalksActing out the TasksStudying Timetables and SchedulesFollowing Sample DialoguesPutting Language to UseImitating Mini-Talks1 Work in pairs. Prac
3、tice the following mini-talks about schedules and timetables.1) Asking for an Appointment with the ManagerA: Id like to make an appointment with your manager. Do you think I could see him sometime this morning?B: Sorry, hes fully booked this morning.A: How about tomorrow morning then?B: Yes, I think
4、 tomorrow morning would be fine.2) Asking to Meet Mr. PetersonA: Mr. Peterson, I wonder if it would be convenient to meet you today.B: Let me see. Im free this afternoon. Is that all right for you?A: Well, Ive got a meeting from 2 to 4. Are you free tomorrow morning?B: No problem. Lets make it at 10
5、 then.3) Asking to Change the Appointment with Dr. JohnsonA: Id like to change the appointment with Dr. Johnson from Tuesday to Thursday.B: Im afraid he wont be available on Thursday morning.A: What time would be convenient for him? Will 2 p.m. do?B: Yes, thatll be fine.4) Asking About the Working H
6、ours of a Ticket OfficeA: What are the office hours?B: Well, the office hours are from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.A: Do you work on weekends?B: On Saturday the office is open from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m., but on Sunday we are closed.5) Asking About the Flights for MacaoA: Do you have flights to Macao?B: We have only
7、one flight to Macao each week, at 1:40 p.m. Wednesday.A: When does it arrive in Macao?B: At 3:40 p.m.2 Work in pairs and act out the tasks by following the above mini-talks.1 Task:Look at the flight timetable in Exercise 3.Ask about the departure and arrival time2 Task:Look at the flight timetable i
8、n Exercise 3. Ask about the Tuesday flight for Hong Kong3 Task:Look at Marks schedule in Exercise 3. Call to ask Mark for a change of an appointment.4 Task:Look at Marks schedule in Exercise 3. Ask to make an appointment to see Mark on Wednesday.5 Task:Look at Marks schedule in Exercise 3. An old fr
9、iend in Hong Kong asks to see Mark on Thursday.Studying Timetables and SchedulesRead the following sample dialogues and try to perform your own tasks.Putting Language to UseSpeak and Complete Mark: Miss Wang, I want to 1 _ an evening train to Harbin so that I can get there the next morning. Do you k
10、now the schedule?Miss Wang: Yes. I have got a 2 _ here.Mark: Is there a train leaving around 6?Miss Wang: 3 _ one at 6:15.Mark: When will it get there?Miss Wang: 4 _ at about 8 next morning.Mark: Thats the one I need. Thank you very much.Miss Wang: You are 5 _.SECTION II Being All EarsLearning Sente
11、nces for Workplace CommunicationHandling a DialogueUnderstanding a Short Speech / TalkLearning Sentences for Workplace Communication1 Listen to 10 sentences for workplace communication cross-referenced with their Chinese translations.arrange 安排 confirm 确认due 规定 (到达) 的 delay 耽搁 2 Listen to the follow
12、ing sentences for workplace communication in Column A and match each one with its Chinese version in Column BKey:1-i, 2-j, 3-d, 4-c, 5-f, 6-e, 7-h, 8-g, 9-a, 10-b3 Listen to 6 sentences for workplace communication and choose their right responses4 Listen to a dialogue and decode the message by filli
13、ng in Susans schedule according to what you have heard.5 Now listen to a short speech / talk and fill up the blanks according to what you have heard. The words in brackets will give you some hints.6 Listen to the speech / talk again and complete the information in Column A with the right choices in
14、Column B.SECTION III Trying Your HandPracticing Applied WritingWriting Sentences and Reviewing Grammar 1 Fill in the office hours making use of the information in the passage that follows.2 Translate the following schedule into English, using the data bank in the Workbook for reference.Writing Sente
15、nces and Reviewing Grammar3 Complete the following sentences, using the right verb forms4 Correct the errors in the following sentences.5 Translate the following sentences into English6 Suppose this is your schedule for the coming three days. Write a paragraph of about 100 words based on the informa
16、tion given in the schedule. You may start the passage with the sentence: Ive got a very busy schedule.KEYS: Ive got a very busy schedule. Im catching the 9:45 flight on October 8 and arriving in Shanghai at 2:00 in the afternoon. Bob is meeting me at the airport. I will check into Beach Hotel and ha
17、ve a rest there in the evening. On October 9, Im meeting Mrs. Black at 10:15 a.m. and after having lunch at Beach Hotel were visiting the plant at 2:30 p.m. The next day Im attending a conference at 9 a.m. Im leaving Shanghai in the afternoon. Im taking a flight at 3:30 p.m. and arriving back at 7:4
18、5 p.m. Phillip will be there to pick me up at the airport. SECTION IV Maintaining a Sharp EyeInformation Related to the Reading Passage Americans and Europeans consider time to be an asset that can be spent and saved; therefore, proper scheduling of time and its appropriate allocation to various com
19、peting tasks is an important part of organizational management. Variations in time use are expected to influence performance and stress, as well as other outcomes. It is a vital strategic element. The large amount of management processes and methods developed to improve performance by managing time
20、use proves the importance placed on time. Here are a few famous quotes and sayings about time and punctuality: 1 Explanation of Difficult Sentences1. (Para. 1) One of the cultural differences that tend to annoy Americans has to do with understanding of punctuality.Analysis: Has to do with is a phras
21、e meaning has a specified relationship with. It is the predicate of the sentence. That introduces a restrictive relative clause modifying differences.Translation:有一种常会惹恼美国人的文化差异可能关系到对守时的不同理解。Example: One of the difficulties that tend to trouble me has to do with saying no to extra work. 2. (Para. 3)
22、 Arriving at my office 30 minutes after the appointment, I found a voice message telling me the team was waiting for me in the meeting room.Analysis: Arriving at is a present participle phrase used as an adverbial of time. Telling me (= that told me) is a present participle phrase modifying message.
23、 The team was waiting for me in the meeting room is the object clause of the verb telling with that omitted.Translation: 我到办公室时比约定的时间晚了 30 分钟，发现有个电话录音，说那个团队在会议室等我。Example: Getting to my office very early, I saw Janes note saying she would have lunch with me. 3. (Para. 3) Being afraid that I had miss
24、ed the appointment, I hurried in, and found them happily chatting together.Analysis: Being afraid that I had missed the appointment is a present participle clause used as an adverbial of cause. Chatting is a present participle used as the object complement. Translation:由于害怕我已经错过了这次约会，我赶紧跑进会议室，却发现他们正
25、在一起开心地聊天。Example: Being afraid that I had made my parents angry, I went back homeearly and found them cooking dinner for me. 4. (Para. 4) if you start late you wont be able to finish the business at hand without running beyond the scheduled ending time.Analysis: If introduces an adverbial clause of
26、condition. Note that the pattern you wont be able to without running beyond means you will by running beyond .Translation: 如果你开始得晚了，不超出约定的结束时间你就不可能完成手头的业务。Example: If Sally has the money, she wont go shopping without buying a lot of expensive clothes.2 Important Words 1. punctuality n. the quality o
27、f adhering to an appointed time 守时e.g. His habit of punctuality has not changed since he was eight years old.Punctuality is thought to be a matter of course in Europe and America.2. pay v. be worth it 有回报，值得e.g. It pays to be honest.It pays to learn a foreign language.3. annoyv. to disturb or irrita
28、te especially by repeated acts 使烦恼；惹恼e.g. He annoyed his boss by drumming the table with his fingertips.He kept complaining about everything, which really annoyed us.4. punctuala. arriving exactly at the time appointed 准时的；守时的e.g. We cannot guarantee the punctual arrival of trains in foggy weather.N
29、ot being punctual is his biggest shortcoming.5. attitude n. a mental state involving feelings, beliefs and values 态度；看法e.g. An unfriendly attitude of the shop assistant often annoys customers.People with high EQs often have positive attitudes towards life. 6. behavior n. manner of acting 行为；举止e.g. A
30、ll of us change our behavior to fit different situations.I noticed a change in his behavior. 3.Read and Think 1) What is one of the cultural differences that might annoy Americans?2) What is the American attitude to time in general?3) What is the Indian view of punctuality and attitude to it?4) How
31、does American society operate according to the passage?5) What would have happened if the team had been an American team?6) How do you understand the title of the passage Punctuality Pays?2 Complete each of the following statements with words or phrases from the passage3 Fill in the blanks with the
32、proper words or expressions given below, changing the form if necessary. 4 Read and TranslatePASSAGE IIInformation Related to the Reading PassagePeople around the world treat time differently. In Canada and the United States, meetings are well organized and people get down to business quickly. Peopl
33、e dont spend much time developing a relationship with clients. In contrast, Latin Americans have a more relaxed sense of time, often arriving to a meeting or an event one-half to one hour after the scheduled time.In Europe, people like to be punctual. Visitors are advised to be on time, or nearly on
34、 time, when invited to a party or a home dinner. Business relations are similar to those in North America. Appointments may be made weeks in advance. In the Middle East, business people may come one hour late to an appointment. Much time is spent in socializing and general conversations.In China, Ja
35、pan, Singapore or Indonesia, visitors are advised to be on time or even early for a meeting. However, In Malaysia, Thailand, Korea, or the Philippines, you can expect people to be late, especially for social events. 1 Explanation of Difficult Sentences1. (Para. 2) Those traveling or doing business a
36、broad should always find out the answer to this question.Analysis: Traveling or doing business abroad (= who travel or do business abroad) is a present participle clause used as the post-modifier of those.Translation: 到国外旅行或做生意的人都应该找出这个问题的答案。Example: Those doing research or working on a project shou
37、ld have a serious attitude towards their work.2. (Para. 3) It is also supposed etiquette to arrive a little late for a party, which I have never ever understood.Analysis: Supposed is a past participle, used as an adjective here. Which introduces a nonrestrictive relative clause and which itself refe
38、rsto the whole main clause.Translation: 参加派对时晚到一会也是公认的礼节，这一点我永远也弄不明白。Example: It is supposed good speaking manners to have eye contact, which I have always kept in mind.3. (Para. 8) when a bridge or major highway shuts down, there may not be any way to get where you are going.Analysis: The infinitiv
39、e phrase to get where you are going is the post-modifier of the noun way.Translation: 当某座桥或某条重要高速公路关闭时，你就可能没办法到达要去的地方。Example: When Im at a loss for words, I dont know the right way to handle theembarrassing situation.4. (Para. 8) So I would have to say that I am always early, except when I cantget
40、there at all, in which case I will call as soon as I know I am going to be late. Analysis: In the object that-clause, except introduces a when-clause, an adverbial clause of time, indicating an exceptional situation. In which case introduces a non-restrictive relative clause, which refers to the exc
41、eptional when-clause.Translation: 所以我得说我总是提前到，除非我根本就到不了。遇到这样的情况，一旦知道我会迟到，我就马上拨打电话告知对方。Example: I always hurry to work, except when I am not given any tasks, in which case I will just take my time. 2 Important Words 1. standard n. a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things c
42、an be evaluated 标准e.g. Im afraid that this shipment was not up to your own standard.The people of the U.S. have a high standard of living.2. etiquette n. the formal rules for polite behaviors 礼节e.g. According to etiquette, you should stand up to meet a guest. He is a diplomat and he knows about dipl
43、omatic etiquette. 3. suppose v. to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds；used to say what was or is expected or intended to happen 料想; 以为；用于被动语态认为应该e.g. I havent supposed that I can get the first prize.What am I supposed to do with the documents?4. absolutely ad. completely and in eve
44、ry way 完全，绝对地e.g. It is absolutely necessary to type the patients blood before a blood transfusion. Dont pull the switch, unless absolutely necessary.5. insult n./v. a remark or action that is offensive or deliberately rude; to offend someone by saying or doing something they think is rude 侮辱, 冒犯e.g
45、. She had to compose herself before she could reply to this terrible insult.Im sorry for what I said; I never meant to insult you. 6. case n. an example of a particular situation, problem, etc. 实例；事例；情形；场合e.g. They may not agree. In that case, wed better hold a discussion.We store some candles in the box in case the electricity goes off.3 Are the following statements true or false according to the passage? Write T / F accordingly.4 Translate the following sentences into Chinese.SECTION V Appreciating Culture TipsDiscuss, Appreciate and Comment
