1、嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用第 1 页 共 8 页高考英语语法复习专题- 冠词一、考点聚焦1.不用冠词的情况(1)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前,一般不加冠词。China , America, SmithAir is matter.(2)可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时,不加冠词。This dictionary is mine.(3)季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。March, May Day, National Day, Childrens Day, Womens Day Have you had supper?Sprin
2、g is the best season of the year.(4)称呼语或指家用雇用的 nurse、cook 等名词前及表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时,一般不加冠词。Whats this, Father? We made him our chairman.Ask nurse to put the child to bed. Professor Li.(5)学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。Do you study physics?He likes playing football/chess.(6)复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。They are peasants/
3、 workers.(7)在与 by 连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。by car, by bus,by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land但:take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/ bus 需注意。(8)某些固定词组中不用冠词。名词词组中: husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork介词词组中:to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to,at, from)u
4、niversity(college),to(in, into, from)church, to(in,into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town,at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot注意:在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。in hospital 住院(因病) in the hospital 在医院(工作、参观等) in front of 在前
5、面,指某物体之外in the front of 在前部,指某物之内in charge 负责,主管 out of question 没问题in the charge 由负责 out of the question 不可能(9)as 引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的名词不带冠词。Child as she is, she knows a lot of French.嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用第 2 页 共 8 页(10)系动词 turn(作“变成”解)后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。The young girl has turned writer.= The young girl ha
6、s become a writer.(11)在单数名词 + after + 同一单数名词(表示“一个接一个” )结构中,单数可数名词前不加冠词。She did experiment after experiment.类似的还有:shop after shop, mistake after mistake(12)形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。“most + 形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时,前面不用定冠词。Oh, its most beautiful.当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时,第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。She is the tallest and fatt
7、est girl in our school.当形容词最高级作表语,不表示与其他人或物相比时,其前不用定冠词。The market in the country is busiest in winter.形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时,不能用定冠词。A wolf in a sheeps skin is our most dangerous enemy.序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第”之意,但在 second、third 等词前加不定冠词表示“又一,再一”之意。why you took a second arrow注意:下句中“a first ”表示“第一名、冠军” 。He is a t
8、op student in our class, he often gets a first in maths.(13)no 与 such 连用时应放在 such 之前,such 后面的名词不用冠词。No such thing has ever happened in this village.(14)never、ever 置于作主语的名词前,这些名词前不用冠词。Never did student study so hard.这个学生从未学得这么认真。(15)有时为了节省空间、时间、金钱和精力,或为了引起注意力,省去 a(n)或 the,这主要用于新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提纲、
9、书名等。Conference opens.会议召开了。2.定冠词的使用情况(1)使用定冠词的一般情况。特指或第二次提到。序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前。用于表示发明物的单数名词前或某些专有名词前。(2)定冠词使用特殊的场合。 He hit him in the face.beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head the rich, the poor, the wounded 富人,穷人,伤员 the elder of the two, he more beautiful of the two 两者中较年长
10、的一位,较漂亮的一个 The sooner, the better.越快越好。 He got paid by the hour.他是按小时付工钱的。by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year但:by weight 按重量 in the 50s /in the 1870s(表示年代) the Smiths/the Whites(表示一家人或夫妇俩)嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用第 3 页 共 8 页 in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/rain tell the truth/on
11、 the other hand/on the way home 当抽象名词表示某一特定内容,特别是当它有一限定性修饰语时,它与定冠词连用:She is fond of music.He is playing the music written by Beethoven.Good advice is beyond price.Im sorry not to have taken the advice he gave.3.不定冠词常用的几种情况(1)表示“一”相当于“one” 。Ill return in a day or two.(2)表示“每”相当于“per” 。We have three m
12、eals a day.(3)表示“同一性”相当于“the same ”。The children are of an age. (4)表示类指,表示“某类” 。He wants to he a doctor.(5)表示泛指,相当于“any” 。A horse is a useful animal.(6)表示某一个,相当于“a certain” 。A Mr. Smith is asking to see you. (7)与抽象名词连用,可以表示“一场、一次、一件” ,如:a pleasure 一件乐事,a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事,a joy 一件高兴的事,a pity 一件遗憾的事,
13、an honour 一个(件)经以为荣的人(事)。(8)与物质名词连用,表示“一种,一阵、一份” 。What a heavy rain!What a good supper!Please give me a black coffee!4.冠词表类别的常见方式(1)定冠词 + 单数可数名词,表示一个,代表一类。The computer was invented in 1945.The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.The horse is a useful animal.(2)不定冠词 + 单数可数名词(表示任意一个,某一个) 。A pen is a too
14、l for writing.A square has four sides.A horse is a useful animal.注意:man, woman 表示泛指时,不用冠词,且常用单数。如:Man is fighting a battle against pollution.Man tries to be the protector of woman.(3)可数名词或不可数名词,指类别(考虑到同类中的各个情况) 。Horses are useful animals.Rice is a kind of food.5.冠词位置问题(1)不定冠词 + 副词 + 形容词 + 名词。This is
15、 a very interesting story.(2)such、what、both、all、quite、rather +不定冠词+ 形容词+名词。Ive never seen such a film!Half a pound of pork,please!嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用第 4 页 共 8 页What a good idea it is!(3)as、so、too、how、however、enough+形容词+不定冠词+名词。It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.I cant finish the task in so
16、short a time.This seems not too long a distance.We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out.However low te price you paid,you waste your money.He is brave enough a hunter to kill the bear.(4)定冠词位置。half、 twice、three times + the + 名词He paid twice the price for it.Their house is three times the siz
17、e of yours.all 、both 、double + the + 名词Both the blind men were mistaken.All the students in our class are eager to know the secret.I offered him double the amount, but he still refused.二、精典名题导解选择填空1.The warmth of _sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _wool used.(NMET 2001)AThe ; the B
18、the ; / C/; the D/; /解析:答案为 B。第一空格为特指,交待 the warmth 的内容,第二空格为泛指,the sort of wool used 所用羊毛的种类。此题有三点需注意:正确理解 sweater 这一句词在句中的类别。掌握 determine 在句中作“决定” 、 “取决于”这个意思。掌握定冠词表特指的基本用法。2.Most animals have little connection with_animals of_different kind unless they kill them for food.(NMET 2000)Athe a B/ a Ct
19、he the D/ the解析:答案为 B。名词复数表类别,其前不用冠词,故第一个空格不填冠词,表不定概念的“一种 ”, “某种”要用不定冠词 a。要准确掌握冠词表类别的三种表达方式和不定冠词常用的几种情况,见前面要点考点聚焦内容。3.Paper money was in_use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _thirteenth century.(NMET1999 )Athe / Bthe the C/ the D/ /解析:答案为 C。题中 in use 是固定搭配,意为“在使用 ”,use 为抽象名词,其前不用冠词。后者
20、是序数词前用定冠词 the。要牢记一些固定搭配如 in use、under construction(在建设中) 、in debt(欠债) 、come to power(执政) 、on fire(着火) 、at table(用餐) 、out of work(失业)等。4.When you come here for your holiday next time dont go to hotel; I can find you bed in my flat.A. the; a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a; 不填嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用第 5 页 共 8 页解析
21、:答案为 C。考定语从句。主句部分应是 The English play at the New Years party was a great success. 从句补全为独立句子就是 my students acted in the play.所以应选 in which,其余介词不妥。5.John, there is Mr. Wilson on the phone for you.Im in bath.A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填解析:答案为 A。本题考查冠词用法。 a+姓名,表示“一个叫 的人” ;in the bath在浴室。6. Tom
22、 owns larger collection of books than any other student in our class.A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填 C. a; the D. 不填; the解析:答案为 B。考冠词,collection 是可数名词,须填冠词,被比较级修饰,但是大范围的比较,故填不定冠词,后一空是泛指的表类别的书,且已用了复数,不填冠词。故选 B。基础训练1. In America, _ car is _ popular means of transportation(交通设施).A. the, the B. a, the C. the, / D.
23、the, a2. - What happened? - They left in such _ hurry that they forgot to lock _ door.A. a, a B. a, the C. /, the D. /, a3. There were two small rooms in the house, _ smaller of which served as _ kitchen.A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the D. a, a4. I ordered _ book some time ago. _ book has arrived.A.
24、a, The B. the, A C. a, A D. /, The5. Mr Smith is _ European and his wife is _ American.A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a6. Lesson 10 is _ most difficult lesson, but it isnt _ most difficult lesson in Book One.A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home onc
25、e _ month. A. a B. an C. the D. every8. He was absent because he had caught _.A. heavy a cold B. the heavy cold C. a heavy cold D. heavy cold9. _ water is _ liquid. A. The, a B. A, a C. /, / D. /, a10. In winter _ people often hang up wet clothes near _ fire.A. /, / B. a, a C. /, a D. the, a11. He h
26、as tried twice, and the captain asks him to have _ third try.A. a B. the C. another D. other嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用第 6 页 共 8 页12. He was a top student in the class, he often got _ in English.A. first B. a first C. second D. the second13. _ horse is _ useful animal. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, an D. /,
27、a14. Tom left Shanghai in _.A. the summer 1995 B. summer 1995 C. 1995 the summer D. the summer of 199515. _ children here live _ most happy life. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, / D. /, the16. The soldier died during _ World War I. A. the B. the first C. / D. a17. In _ Marx began to learn Russian.A. a
28、 1870 B. 1870s C. the year of 1870 D. the 1870s18. Alice is _ of the two girls. A. taller B. the tall C. more tall D. the taller19. - Can your sister play _? - No, but she can play _.A. the tennis, the piano B. tennis, piano C. the tennis, piano D. tennis, the piano20. The introduction is always in
29、_ of a book.A. front B. the front C. a front D. instead强化训练1. Alexander Gramha Bell invented _telephone in 1876.A./; B. a C. the D. one2.After watching _TV, she played _violin for an hour.A./;/ B. the ; the C. the; / D./;the 3. -Wheres jack ? -I think hes still _in bed, but he might just be in _bath
30、room.A./; / B. the; the C. the; / D./; the 4.Many people are still in _habit of writing silly things in _public places.A. the ; the B./; / C. the; / D./; the 5.She is _newcomer to _chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.A. the; the B. the ; / C. a; / D. a ; the 6.Wouldnt it be
31、 _wonderful world if all nations lived in _peace with one another?A. a; / B. the; / C. a; the D. the; the 7.Many people agree that _knowledge of English is a must in _international trade today.A. a; / B. the; an C. the; the D./;the 8. Paper money was in _use in China when Marco Polo visited the coun
32、try in _thirteenth century.A. the ; / B. the; the C./; the D./; /嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用第 7 页 共 8 页9.It is not true in _that people in _fifties are going to university for further education .A.90s; their B. the 90s; / C.90s; / D. the 90s; their10.Most animals have little connection with _animals of _diff
33、erent kind unless they kill them for food.A. the; a B./; a C. the ; the D./; the 11.-Have you seen _pen ? I left it here this morning.-Is it _black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.A. a; the B. the; the C. the ; a D. a; a 12.Summers in _ south of France are for _most part dry and sunny.A./; a B. the;
34、 / C./; / D. the ; the 13.I dont like talking on _ telephone; I prefer writing _letters.A. a; the B. the ;不填 C. the; the D. was killing14.Jumping out of _airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _exciting experience. A./;the B./;an C. an; an D. the; the15. -I dont like_ New York at all. -But this isnt
35、_ New York you remember.A. the, the B. /, the C. the, / D. /, a高考训练01、(08 全国卷 II 08) Its not _ good idea to drive for four hours without _ break.A. a ; a B. the ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the02、(08 重庆卷 27)In many places in China, bicycle is still poplar means of transportation.A. a; the B. /; a C. the;
36、 a D. the; the03、(08 辽宁卷 24)My neighbor asked me to go for _ walk, but I dont think Ive got _ energy.A. a; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填;the D. a; the04、(08 山东卷 21)Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource.A. 不填;a B. 不填; the C. the; the D. the; a05、(08 江苏卷 21) We went right round to the w
37、est coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent.A. the; the B.不填; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填;不填06、(08 江西卷30)- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.- It is not your fault. With _ rush-hour traffic and _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用第 8 页 共 8 页A. a; a B. th
38、e; the C. /; / D. /; a07、(08 浙江卷02) _ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head.A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填08、(08 湖南卷22)Have you heard _ news?The piece of _ petrol is going up again!A. the, the B. 不填,the C. the, 不填 D. 不填,不填09、(08 陕西卷10) I ate sandwich while I was waiting for 20:
39、08 train.A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. a, a10、(08 四川卷08)In the United States, there is always _ flow of people to areas of _ country where more jobs can be found.A. a; the B. the ; a C. the; the D. a; a参考答案基础训练15 DBBAC 610 BACDC 1115 ABBDB 1620 CDDDB强化训练15 CDDCC 610 AACDB 1115 DDBCB高考训练15ACDDB 6-10BACCA