1、Unit 3 English Manners一、 单元分析（Unit Analysis）（一）单元地位（Unit Position）1 本单元是第二模块（文化部分）的第一单元，其内容主要是关于西方的一些礼仪知识及其礼仪的变化。语言是文化的一个重要组成部分，所以学习英语自然也要学习相应的英语国家的文化习俗。所以本篇课文内容很有实用性且具有很强的操作性。可以让学生自己搜集有关的关于西方礼仪的材料，由老师设计一些活动做到信息共享。2 知识的掌握重在运用，尤其是日常的口语运用，注重让学生多进行对话练习，在对话中注意用合适的礼貌用语。3 本单元结束时，可以对文化这一主题作更深的探讨，老师设计相应的活动，
2、让学生讨论中西方文化的差异并给出一些相应的例子。4 本单元的语法重点是定语从句（关系副词的用法） ，教师有必要在课堂教学中进行句型操练。此外，文中也出现了强调句和部分倒装的例句，教师可以在教学中作简单说明并举例，但不建议进行该语法知识点的系统教学。5 在单元教学过程中注意阅读和听说训练的有机结合，并补充少量的基础的写作练习。（二）单元目标（Unit Target）1 学习在不同的场合下运用合适得体的礼仪。2 学习并运用以关系副词为连接词的定语从句。3 进行口语对话操练，学会如何引出对话，安排约会及表达感激之情。4 练习三大阅读技巧：跳读，略读，及运用上下文线索阅读。5 学习如何写复合句。（三）
3、单元重点（Unit Points）1 关键词： 语言知识类manners, avoiding doing, senior (to), seem to do, eitheror, consider, exchange, tend to, stand, lie, happen to do, pick up, to ones surprise, put on a face, offer, provide, present, communicate with, etc. 交际功能类（常见的礼貌用语）：参考教参 P14 页After you!Excuse me, but can you tell me
4、the time?I beg your pardon?Ladies first!Id like to meet Dr Snow.This is Jane.I m very glad to meet you!Its a pleasure to meet you!Nice to meet you!2 功能：1） Starting a conversion 参考课文 P44 页 Useful language Excuse me, do you mind if I sit here? Excuse me, could you tell me the time? Er, could you help
5、me, Im trying to find my way to Excuse me, arent you John Smith? Sorry to trouble you, but do you happen to know when the lecture begins? Say, havent I seen you somewhere before?2） Making an appointment 参考课文 P45 页 Useful languageA: 1 Will you be free this coming Friday?2 Are you doing anything speci
6、al tonight/3 Lets make a date to see a film.4 Id like to make an appointment for next Monday.5 Shall I come round for you at about 10 oclock?6 Will 9 oclock be all right?7 Would you prefer some other time?B: 1 Thatd be lovely.2 How nice of you! Thanks a lot.3 Mmm, thats a great idea.4 Ill be most de
7、lighted to meet you at 10:00 Monday morning.5 Oh, dear, Im afraid Im busy tonight.6 Tonights difficult. How about tomorrow evening?7 Im sorry, Im expecting some visitors this evening.8 This evenings a bit of a problem. What about tomorrow?3） Express gratitudeA: 1 Many thanks.2 Thanks a lot!3 Thank y
8、ou very much!4 Its so kind of to help me carry the luggage.5 I would appreciate it very much if you can take a message for me.B: 1 Youre welcome.2 Dont mention it!3 Its a pleasure.3 语法点：1 定语从句（关系副词，when, where, why）关系副词引导的定语从句充当主句的状语，when 指时间， where 指地点，why 指原因。例：1) Michelangelo lived in that time.T
9、he time was about 500 years ago.The time in which Michelangelo lived was about 500 years ago.The time when Michelangelo lived was about 500 years ago.2) He started to work and learn in that workshop.The workshop belonged to one of the leading masters of the time.The workshop in which he started to w
10、ork and learn belonged to one of the leading masters of the time.The workshop where he started to work and learn belonged to one of the leading masters of the time.3) Michelangelo turned down the task for that reason.The reason was very simple.The reason for which Michelangelo turned down the task w
11、as very simple.The reason why Michelangelo turned down the task was very simple.注意点：1 This is the place (that/which) Luxun once lived in.This is the place in which (=where) Luxun once lived.2 Please make a mark where you have questions. （状语从句）Please make a mark in the place where you have questions.
12、 （定语从句）3 This is the factory (which/that) we visited last week.This is the factory in which (=where) my mother works.4 Is this the factory (which/that) we visited?Is this factory the one (which/that) we visited?2 强调句（助动词 do 的强调作用）在行为动词作谓语的句子中，常用“助动词 do/did + 谓语动词原形”表示强调语气，这个结构也可以用于祈使句。例如：We do have
13、a school bus of our own.He did find that all the reports were not true to the facts.Do be careful with your spelling in writing.注意点：1 该结构只用于肯定句。2 该结构只用于一般现在时及一般过去时。3 倒装句结构：提前成分 情态动词/助动词 主语 动词原形例：He cares little for dress. Little does he care for dress.We could hardly hear any sound. Hardly could we
14、hear any sound.其它例句：Not a single mistake did he make in the test.Not until then did he know his mother had done it for his good.By no means can he be the murderer.Not only did he praise his students but also he gave them a big reward.二、 教学设计（Teaching Designs）教学内容 教学实施建议 教学资源参考1 Reading 课文讲解以课文阅读引入，让
15、学生练习跳读技巧并完成课文Highlights 部分 A3 和 B 的练习。课文中提到三个方面的礼仪：问候，社会礼仪等，举例说明不同国家的礼仪差异。教师可以提供更多的关于这方面的阅读材料，让学生有更深刻的了解。 链接 1 补充材料 1在课文讲解完之后教师可以提供更多的阅读材料，并根据补充材料 2 让学生分析总结中西方礼仪的差异。 链接 2 补充材料 2课本第 35 页Highlights 部分。课本第 29 页Scanning 课本第 61 页Skimming2 Listening 作为教材第 42 页的听力部分，可以让学生在具体事例中了解正确的礼仪的重要性。建议教师可利用上海外语教育出版社出
16、版的英语（新世纪版）听力 ，开展相关主题的听力活动作为对教材的补充。此外 Internet 也是非常好的信息来源，在此提供一个网址，建议老师可以在网上寻找合适的材料穿插用于教学过程中，让学生接受不间断的听力训练。课文第 42 页Listening Practice补充听力English Manners网址3 Speaking 以“礼仪”为主题设计口语活动。活动一：情景对话。结合补充材料 1（1）中所提供的用语及课本第 4445 的“Useful Language”让学生组织对话，在课堂中展示。活动二：问答竞赛。让学生在竞赛中进一步了解社会礼仪的内涵和重要性。 链接 3 竞赛的具体教学建议和内容
17、活动三： “Dos and Donts” in China。结合补充材料 2 的内容让学生比较中西方礼仪差异。课文第 44 页Useful Language4 Writing 本单元对于学生的写作要求是学写复合句，在课本第 45 页有具体的指导和要求，可以让学生自习，并完成课本 48 页的练习。同事辅助以一些简单的中译英练习以检验学生的学习效果。链接 4 中译英课文第 45 页Writing 部分5 Structure 定语从句（关系副词的运用）是本课的语法教学内容。教师可通过“好句搜索” 和“ 句型操练 ”两个层次循序渐进，使枯燥的语法讲解与学生的实际运用相结合。链接 5 定语从句操练的教学
18、建议课文第 39 页Structure 部分WorkbookStructure 部分6 Additional Reading本课 Additional Reading 是一则有趣的故事，建议让学生作泛读文章处理。在课堂上要求学生在 3 分钟内快速阅读文章并完成文章后的练习。文章内容比较简单，可要求学生做课文复述练习。课文第 48 页Additional Reading链接 1 补充材料 1说明：以下提供有 3 篇阅读材料，都是有关英国的问候及社会礼仪。老师有必要自己根据原材料事先进行组织，安排一部分在导入课中使用，有些则穿插在教学过程中提供给学生。第一篇阅读材料中的问候语可以与单元重点之功能部
19、分所列出的礼貌用语相结合，让学生作简单对话操练。阅读材料 1How to greet someone in Britain The HandshakeA handshake is the most common form of greeting among the English and British people and is customary when you are introduced to somebody new.The KissIt is only when you meet friends, whom you havent seen for a long time, tha
20、t you would kiss the cheek of the opposite sex. In Britain one kiss is generally enough. Formal greetings The usual formal greeting is a How do you do? and a firm handshake, but with a lighter touch between men and women. How do you do? is a greeting not a question and the correct response is to rep
21、eat How do you do? You say this when shaking hands with someone. How do you do? How do you do?How are you? is a question and the most common and polite response is “I am fine thank you and you?“ How are you? I am fine thank you and you?Nice to meet you Nice to meet you too. (Often said whilst shakin
22、g hands) Delighted to meet you Delighted to meet you too.Pleased to meet you Pleased to meet you too. Good Morning / Good Afternoon / Good Evening Informal greetings Hi - Hi or hello Morning / Afternoon / Evening ( We drop the word Good in informal situations). Hows you? - Fine thanks. You? Thank yo
23、u / thanks / cheers We sometime say cheers instead of thank you. You may hear cheers said instead of good bye, what we are really saying is thanks and bye.http:/www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/customs/behaviour.html阅读材料 2What are Britains Social Customs?Time British people place considerable value
24、on punctuality. If you agree to meet friends at three oclock, you can bet that theyll be there just after three. Since Britons are so time conscious, the pace of life may seem very rushed. In Britain, people make great effort to arrive on time. It is often considered impolite to arrive even a few mi
25、nutes late. If you are unable to keep an appointment, it is expected that you call the person you are meeting. Some general tips follow. You should arrive:* At the exact time specified for dinner, lunch, or appointments with professors, doctors, and other professionals.* Any time during the hours sp
26、ecified for teas, receptions, and cocktail parties.* A few minutes early: for public meetings, plays, concerts, movies, sporting events, classes, church services, and weddings. If you are invited to someones house for dinner at half past seven, they will not expect you to be there on the dot. It is
27、considered good manners to arrive ten to fifteen minutes “late“. An invitation might state “7.30 for 8“, in which case you should arrive no later than 7.50. However, if an invitation says “sharp“, you must arrive in plenty of time. Invitations“ Drop in anytime” and “come see me soon” are idioms ofte
28、n used in social settings but seldom meant to be taken literally. It is wise to telephone before visiting someone at home. If you receive a written invitation to an event that says “RSVP”, you should respond to let the person who sent the invitation know whether or not you plan to attend. Never acce
29、pt an invitation unless you really plan to go. You may refuse by saying, “Thank you for inviting me, but I will not be able to come.” If, after accepting, you are unable to attend, be sure to tell those expecting you as far in advance as possible that you will not be there. Although it is not necess
30、arily expected that you give a gift to your host, it is considered polite to do so, especially if you have been invited for a meal. Flowers, chocolate, or a small gift are all appropriate. A thank-you note or telephone call after the visit is also considered polite and is an appropriate means to exp
31、ress your appreciation for the invitation. Dress Everyday dress is appropriate for most visits to peoples homes. You may want to dress more formally when attending a holiday dinner or cultural event, such as a concert or theater performance. Introduction and Greeting It is proper to shake hands with
32、 everyone to whom you are introduced, both men and women. An appropriate response to an introduction is “I am happy to meet you“. If you want to introduce yourself to someone, extend you hand for a handshake and say “Hello, I am.“. Hugging is only for friends.DiningWhen you accept a dinner invitatio
33、n, tell your host if you have any dietary restrictions. He or she will want to plan a meal that you can enjoy. The evening meal is the main meal of the day in most parts of Britain. Food may be served in one of several ways: “family style,“ by passing the serving plates from one to another around th
34、e dining table; “buffet style,“ with guests serving themselves at the buffet; and “serving style,“ with the host filling each plate and passing it to each person. Guests usually wait until everyone at their table has been served before they begin to eat. Food is eaten with a knife and fork and desse
35、rt with a spoon and fork.阅读材料 3Langust Manners and EtiquetteIt is generally believed that the English are more formal than they really are. In fact, in day-to-day contact with each other they are less inclined to formality than the French or the Germans.Perhaps it is the awesome spectacle of their s
36、tate occasions that has given rise to the popularly held belief that even husbands and wives call each other by their titles and surnames. In reality, first names are commonly used among colleagues, and the American habit of using these on the telephone even before the names have met is how widespre
37、ad.The custom of men deferring to women is now some-what on the wane, thanks to the strenuous efforts of the apostles of political correctness who see it more as condescension than consideration. You will, however, probably still get away with opening a door or giving up a seat for all but the most
38、strident of feminists. But it is no longer de rigueur to jump to your feet when a woman enters the room, whether or not there are enough chairs.Do Not TouchHowever informal they are in their manner or address, when it comes to physical contact, the English are still deeply reserved.They are not a ta
39、ctile people. When greeting each other, men will shake hands on a first meeting but probably avoid doing so on subsequent ones. The preferred English handshake is a brief, vigorous affair with no hint of lingering. The cue question, “How do you do?“ and the answer “How do you do?“ signal the end of
40、the ritual and hands should be crisply withdrawn from contact. Any deviation from the above procedure can cause all sorts of problems and suspicions of freemasonry, or worse.Women may kiss on one or both cheeks; if they do, the miss-kiss is preferred - the kisser making a kissing gesture with approp
41、riate sound-effects in the air in the general region of the recipients ear or ears.Men may kiss women in greeting, but only on the cheek. Trying to get a kiss on both cheeks can be risky as most women only expect the one, do not turn their heads for the second and receive it full frontally, which ca
42、n result in the worst being feared - i.e. that it was an intentional ploy - an oscillatory rape.Most Englishmen never hug or (perish the thought) kiss other men. They leave that to football players and foreigners.In public places, the English make strenuous efforts not to touch strangers even by acc
43、ident. If such an accident should occur, apologies are fulsome but should never be used as an excuse for further conversation. On crowded public transport where it is sometimes unavoidable, physical contact with a stranger is permitted, but in such circumstances, eye contact should be avoided at all
44、 costs.Intimacy between consenting adults is recognized as involving more touching. But that takes place behind closed doors usually with the lights out. Displays of affection in all relationships are kept to a minimum.Ps and QsEnglish children have their own particular catechism of accepted conduct
45、 to learn. The first rule they come across at an early age is “Mind your Ps and Qs“. These have nothing to do with waiting politely to use the lavatory. Ps and Qs are short for “Pleases“ and “Thank Yous“. Supplication, gratitude and, most important of all, apology are central to English social intercourse, which is why English people seem to express them endlessly as if to the hard of hearing.It is difficult for the foreigner to learn how to wield the small vocabulary necessary, but the starting point is to understand that it is almost impossible linguistically to be over grateful, over
