1、 1 / 5宾语从句一、宾语从句的定义在 句 中 起 宾 语 作 用 的 从 句 叫 宾 语 从 句 。引 导 宾 语 从 句 的 连 接 词 ：连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词：who, whom，whose, what ,which，whatever，whichever，whoever 等副词：when ,where, how, why 等。宾 语 从 句 分 三 类 ： 动 词 的 宾 语 从 句 ； 介 词 的 宾 语 从 句 ； 形 容 词 的 宾 语 从 句 。（ 1） 动 词 的 宾 语 从 句 ： 作 动 词 的 宾 语大 多 数 及 物 动
2、词 可 以 带 宾 语 从 句 ， 有 些 动 词 短 语 也 可 以 带 宾 语 从 句 。I heard that he would come here later on. （ 2） 介 词 的 宾 语 从 句 ： 作 介 词 的 宾 语一 般 情 况 下 ， 介 词 后 只 用 wh-类 连 接 词 引 导 宾 语 从 句 。He said nothing about who broke the window last night. （ 3） 形 容 词 的 宾 语 从 句 ： 作 形 容 词 的 宾 语在afraid， certain， glad， happy， pleased， su
3、re， surprise， satisfied， sorry 等 表 示 感 情 的 形 容 词 后 可 接 宾 语 从 句 。Im sorry you are having trouble in making friends.二、宾语从句中引导词（连 接 词 ） 的用法 1.that， if/whether 引 导that， whether， if 引 导 宾 语 从 句 时 都 只 起 连 接 作 用 ， 不 作 句 子 成 分 。That 无 意 义 且 可 省 略 ， 而 whether/if 意 为 “是 否 ”， 故 不 可 省 略 。He told me that he woul
4、d go to the college the next year. I dont know if there will be a bus any more.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 2.连接代词引导当连接代词 who, whom，whose, what ,which，whatever，whichever，whoever 等引导宾语从句时，可以在宾语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。每个连词都有自己特定的意义，一般不能省略。The book will show you what the best CEOs should know
5、.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?3.连 接 副 词 引 导当 连 接 副 词 when， where， why， how， however 等 引 导 宾 语 从 句 时 ， 可 以在 从 句 中 充 当 状 语 ， 表 示 时 间 、 地 点 、 方 式 、 原 因 等 。 每 个 副 词 都 有 自 己 特定 的 意 义 ， 一 般 不 能 省 略 。 有 时 how many 和 how m
6、uch 也 可 以 引 导 宾 语 从句 。2 / 5He didnt tell me when we should meet again.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。即使主句为疑问句语序，从句也用陈述句语序。I dont know what they are looking for. Could you tell me whe
7、n the train will leave? 四.宾语从句的时态1.主句是一般现在时或将来时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well. I hope you will find these ideas useful.2.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time. 3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his c
8、lass that light travels faster than sound. 五、宾语从句的否定转移1.当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。例句：I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.2.主 句 的 谓 语 动 词 是 think ,believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess 等 ,并 且 主 句 的 主 语 是 第 一 人 称 而 且 为
9、一 般 现 在 时 ,从 句 的 否 定 词 一 般 要 转 移 到 主 句 上 来 ,其 反 义 疑 问 句 一 般 与 宾 语 从 句 一 致 . 例 句 ： I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我 认 为 那个 人 不 是 Jim 所 杀 的 ,是 不 是 ? I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, havent you?3.如 果 宾 语 从 句
10、中 有 某 个 含 有 否 定 意 义 的 形 容 词 或 副 词 (不 包 含 带 有 否 定 前缀 的 词 ， 如 ： unhappy， unfair， dislike 等 ),其 反 义 疑 问 句 要 用 肯 定 形 式 . 例 句 ： We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 我 们 发 现 他 从 不 仔 细 听 老 师 讲 课 ， 是 不 是 ？3 / 54.当 主 句 的 主 语 是 第 二 、 三 人 称 时 ， 其 反 义 疑 问 句 一 般 与 主 句 保 持 一 致 。例 句 ： Y
11、our sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she? You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you? They dont believe shes an engineer, do they? She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she?六、宾语从句中 that 不能省略的情况1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由 that 引导的宾语从句时，第一个 that 可省，但后面的 that 不可省。例 句 ： I bel
12、ieve（ that） you have done your best and that things will get better 2.当主句的谓语动词与 that 宾语从句之间有插入语时，that 一般不可省。例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. 3.当 that 从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that 不可省。例句：I cant tell him that his mother died. 4.当
13、 it 作 形 式 宾 语 时 例 句 ： She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him许多带复合宾语的句子，that 引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用 it 作形式宾语。5.当 宾 语 从 句 前 置 时 例 句 ： That our team will win， I believe6.当 that 作 learn, suggest, explain, agree, wonder, prove, mean, state, feel, hold 等 动 词 的 宾 语 时 。 例 句 ： She suggest that we
14、get up early.七 、 宾 语 从 句 中 只 用 whether 或 只 能 用 if 的 情 况1.只能用 whether，不能用 if：在具有选择意义，又有 or 或 or not 时，尤其是直接与 or not 连用时，往往用 whether（ifor not 也可以使用）。如：Let me know whether if he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）I dont know whether if he does any washing or not（I dont know whethe
15、r or not he does any washing）I wonder whether we stay or whether we go在介词之后用 whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes EnglishWere thinking about whether we can finish the work on time在不定式前用 whether。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old manHe hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train 4
16、/ 5whether 置于句首时，不能换用 if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用 whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question若用 if 会引起歧义时，则用 whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为：bIf you like the book，please let me know 2.只能用 if 不能用 whether 的情况1）if 引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”The s
17、tudents will go on a picnic if it is sunny. 2）if 引导否定概念的宾语从句时He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday. 3）引导状语从句 even if（即使）和 as if（好象）时He talks as if he has known all about it. 练习题 1(1)I dont think he is right,_?Aisnt he Bis he Cdo I Ddont I(2). He believes she is right, _?Adoesnt he Bdoes he Ci
18、s she Disnt she(3).I thought that he disliked playing football,_?Adidnt he Bdid he Cdid I Ddidnt I(4). I find _ important that we practice English every day.A. it B. this C. that D. what (5). You cant imagine _when they received the nice gift.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how e
19、xcited were they D. they were how excited练 习 题 2(1) I dont know _or not.A. whether he is at home B. if he is at homeC. that he is at home D. whether is he at home(2) This depends on _ the weather is fine.A. which B. whether C. if D. that(3) The teacher asked the new student _ class he was in.A. whic
20、h B. where C. if D. that(4) I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. Hell help us with our English.A. why B. when C. how D. where(5) - Be careful! Dont break the bottles. Do you hear _ I said? David?- Yes, MumA. what B. that C. why D. if5 / 5(6) - Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is?- He may live
21、 at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of _.A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where(7) There is not much difference between the two. I really dont know _.A. what should I choose B. which I should chooseC. which should I choose D. what I should choose练 习 题 3(1) Did you
22、 find out _? A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking forC. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for(2) Are you interested in _?A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it(3) I dont know _. Can you tell me?A. how the two pl
23、ayers are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are(4) - What did the scientist say?- He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one day.A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly(5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me _?A
24、. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bankC. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where（6）She asked Tom _ with his car?A. what the matter was B. what the matter isC. what was the matter D. what is the matter练 习 题 4(1) Its 7:30. I cant believe you_ cooking dinner yet, Sally.A.
25、havent started B. didnt C. dont start D. hadnt started(2) The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 _ Christmas Day.A. is B. was C. has been D. will be (3) The teacher said that the earth _round the sun.A. goes B. go C. went D. will go(4) We d like to tell you that you _the exam.A. have passed
26、B. had passed C. pass D. will pass (5) “Could you tell me_?” “Yes. They _ to the library.”A. where are the twins, have been B. where were the twins, have beenC. where the twins are, have gone D, where the twins were, have gone (6) Our father said that he _ a new computer next week.A. will buy B. have bought C. would buy D. buys (7) I hear that he _ to Beijing yesterday.A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone
