1、Unit 4 SharingPeriod 4 Grammar 教案I. Teaching aims:1. To learn the kinds of Atributive Clause.2. To learn the usage of who, whose; whom; which; that; how; when; why 等。3.Do some practice.II. ProceduresStep1. Find 5 sentences used attributive clauses from the text:1. Ive included some photos which will
2、 help you picture the places I talk about. 2. The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of windows. 3. Sometimes l wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students，most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 84. But last weekend another teach
3、er, Jenny, and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe. 5.When we arrived at the village, Tombes mother, Kiak, who had been pulling weeds in the garden, started crying “Leee, leee”.Step2. What is attributive clause?在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有：which, tha
4、t, who, whom, whose. 引导英语从句的关系副词有;_ where,when, how, why。先行词是物先行词是人定语 地点状语时间状语原因状语主 宾 主 宾 which that who whom 关系代词whose where when 关系副词why 注：1. 介词提前时一般只用 which 和 whom。2. whose+名词 =the+名词+of which/ of whom定语从句分类定语从句The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定
5、语从句限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句得区别:限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间 不用逗号 隔开。引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作 宾语 时一些关系代词 可以省略非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般 用逗号 把主句和从句分开。引导词：who, whom, whose, which, of which, when, where 等，不用 that,不能省略Step3.关系词的用法：(一）关系代词的用法：1、作主语用 who, which 和 that, 如：He is the man who/that lives next door.T
6、he train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2、作宾语用 whom, who, which, that, 如：The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?注：在非正式文体中，关系代词作宾语时，用于指人的 who whom, that 和用于指物的 which 和 that 通常可以省略；但在介词提前时,或在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词即使作宾语也不可省略。3、作定
7、语用 whose, 如：(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名词中心词 ”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a 句） ，又能作宾语（如上 b 句） 。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与 of which 结构互换，词序是：“ 名词 +of which”，如：They came to a house whose back wall
8、had broken down. (= the back wall of which)Hes written a book the name of which Ive completely forgotten. (= whose name)4、作表语只用 that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.难点:as引导限定性定语从句，指代被 the same, such, as, so 等修饰的名词D
9、ont talk about such things as you dont understand.Were facing the same problems as we did years ago.It is as pleasant a film as I have ever seen.Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.比较：Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）宜用 that 引导的定语从句1）序数词或最高级形容词修饰先行词时，要用 that。The first Eng
10、lish novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens.2) all, everything, nothing, something, anything 等不定代词作先行词时用 that。Everything that we saw in the factory greatly interested us.3) 人和物合作先行词时，要用 that。We were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in our school.4) 先行词前有
11、 the only, the very, the right, the same 等修饰时，要用that。It is the very skirt that suits me well.5) 在疑问词 who、which、what 开头的句子中，要用 thatWhoever that is content with a little progress cant make big achievements.6) 关系代词在定语从句中作表语只用 that He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty p
12、lace (that) it used to be.宜用 which 引导的定语从句1)当定语从句的介词提前时，要用 which。The house in which they lived last year has been rebuilt.2)引导非限制性定语从句时，要用 which。He bought a railway ticket for the woman, which helped her a lot.宜用 as 引导的定语从句1)先行词与 such, the same 连用或先行词本身就是 the same, such 时，要用 as。Such people as you de
13、scribe are rare nowadays.Would you like to buy the same pen as I have?2) 代替整个句子，在从句中作主语，而从句位于句首时，要用 as。As is well known, the earth goes around the sun.宜用 who 引导的定语从句 :当先行词是人称代词或是 those, anyone 等时，常用 who。He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Those who were either fools or unfit for t
14、heir offices could not see the cloth.Step4（二）关系副词的用法：1、when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：I still remember the time when I first became a college student.Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?注：when 时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。例如：Each time he came, he did his best
15、 to help us.But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2、where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country 等，如：This is the hotel where they are staying.I forget the house where the Smiths lived.注：where 有时也可以省略。如：This is the place (where) we met yesterday
16、.3、why 指原因或理由，它的先行词只有 reason。That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.注：why 时常也可以省略。如：That is the real reason he did it.使用关系副词应注意下列几点：1、这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的 介词 +which 结构：when = on (in, at, during) + which;where = in (at, on) + which;why = for which. 如：I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) h
17、e arrived.The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.2、当先行词是表时间的 time, day 等和表地点的 place, house 等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用 which 或 that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用 when 或 where，试比较：Ill never forget the day when my hometown was liberate
18、d.Ill never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.温馨提示：when 和 where 既可以引导 限制性定语从句 ，也可以引导非限制性定语从句 。而 why 只能引导 限制性定语从句 。 Step5 几种易混的情况1.Ill never forget the dayswhen /
19、in which we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days which we spent together.3.I went to the placewhere/ in which I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place which I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason why/ for which he was late.6.This is the reason that/which he gave. 介词 + which / whom(介
20、词的确定方法)1. 根据先行词来确定This is the pot in which I boiled the milk. (boil milk in the pot)Yesterday we had a meeting, at which we discussed many problems. (discuss problems at the meeting)1979 was the year in which my son was born. (my son was born in the year)This is the place in which I grew up. (grow u
21、p in the place)Thats the reason for which he dislikes me. (dislike me for the reason)2. 根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定The person to whom I complained is the manager.(complained to the person)The dog, of which he used to be afraid, is her favorite animal now. (be afraid of the dog)3. 根据从句所表达的意思来确定Water, without w
22、hich man cant live, is really important.4. 当介词和从句中的动词构成固定词组时，介词不能前置The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.1. 介词 + which / whose + n.I often get up at six, at which time it is still very dark in winter.He is the man from whose house the pictures were stolen.2. 名词 + of + which /
23、 whomThis is the lady the son of whom is a famous writer. (= whose son)These people, the majority of whom are farmers, disagreed with the plan. The cake, half of which was eaten, was bought for Lilys birthday.3. 代词 + of + which / whom用于非限定性定语从句中表示数量。这些代词包括：many, much, some, a few, most, all, both, n
24、one, either, neitherThe old man has two sons, both of whom are doctors.There are a lot of books, none of which is mine.The two players, neither of whom reached the final, played well.The money, all of which has been given to the Hope project, was collected in the performance.The foreigners, most of
25、whom have been to China for the first time, come from different countries.4. 数词 + of + which / whomI bought some books from the bookstore, five of which were English novels.In our factory there are 800 workers, 40 percent of whom are women.5. 形容词最高级+of + which / whomThere are many islands in China, the largest of which is Taiwan.She has six children, the cleverest of whom is John.Step6.几点注意事项1. the way 表示方式时，其后的定语从句有以下几种情况Can you tell me the way (that) you solve the problem.Can you tell me the way in which you solve the problem.2. 定语从句中的谓语动词
