1、Period 4: Grammar学习目标：1. 掌握模块语法：时间状语从句和原因状语从句2. 掌握并正确使用 when，while 等连词以及由其所引导的从句中的动词时态3. 利用例句归纳出语法规则学习重点：掌握模块语法：时间状语从句和原因状语从句学习难点：利用例句归纳出语法规则课前预习使用说明与学法指导：1. 利用例句归纳出语法规则2. 15 分钟之内完成教材助读：例句欣赏(1)When he was orbiting in the capsule，he took photographs of planet earth(2)When Yang landed，Premier Wen Jiab
2、ao telephoned the Control Centre to offer his congratulations(3)When Yang took off from Jiuquan in northwest China at 9 am yesterday，China became the third nation to send a man into space(4)While he was traveling in space，Yang spoke to two astronauts aboard the International Space Station预习自测：选词填空th
3、e minute as before because since(1)I think you should end it before it is too late，or you may be sorry about it later.(2)Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot in Canada，as that was a memory she especially treasured.(3)How long do you think it is since he arrived here?No more th
4、an half a year，I believe.(4)She said to me， “Ill tell you the result of the test the_minute I know it.”(5)Because most wolves rely on their groups for food，shelter and companionship，they have developed a system of signals to keep the groups together.我的疑问：_课内探究质疑探究：时间状语从句和原因状语从句一、时间状语从句在英语中，有许多连词可以引导
5、时间状语从句，常见的有以下几个连词：1.when，while 和 aswhen 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词既可以是持续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词；从句谓语动词的动作与主句谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在主句动作之前发生。while 引导时间状语从句时，表示“在期间；当的时候” 。其引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词应为持续性动词，不用短暂性动词；从句谓语动作通常与主句谓语发生的时间是同时的，从句谓语常使用进行时。as 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂性的。侧重指从句与主句的动作同时进行，可译为“一边一边；随着” 。如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生，并且从句动作为延续性动词，
6、并使用进行时，when，w hile，as 可以互换使用。It was raining when we arrived.我们到的时候正 在下雨。He fell asleep while he was doing his homework.他做着功课就睡着了。The students took notes as they listened.学生们边听课边记笔记。2before 和 afterbefore 引导时间状语从句时，表示“在以前” ，当从句谓语动词为一般过去时时，主句谓语动词可用过去完成时或一般过去时。a fter 引导时间状语从句时，表示“在以后” ，当主句谓语动词为一般过去时时，从句
7、谓语动词可用过去完成时或一般过去时。I saw them after I arrived/had arrived.在我抵达之后，我见到了他们。Before I could say anything more，Holmes had rushed off towards the station.我还没有来得及说些什么，霍姆斯就冲向了车站。3till/untiltill/until 可作介词和连词，均表示时间，意为“直到” 。till/until 两词用法基本相同，在句中可互相替换使用。但 until 可用于句首，而 till 通常不用于句首。当句子为肯定句时，谓语动词表示的动作持续到某个时间为止，
8、因此谓语动词必须是延续性的。not.until 表示“直到(某个时间)才” ，主句谓语动词为终止性动词。主句和从句中时态一致。Lets wait till/until the plane takes off.让我们等到飞机起飞吧。Mr. Li didnt leave his office until six oclock.李先生直到六点钟才离开办公室。注意 (1)not.until 句型中，当 not until.置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。(2)not.until 句型用于强调句中时，句型为：It is/was not until.that 句子其他成分。4sincesince 表示“自从”
9、 ，引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可为终止性动词，但主句谓语动词为延续性动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用现在完成时。She has been living a hard life since her husband died.自从丈夫死后，她一直过着艰苦的生活。注意 当 since 从句中的动作为延续性动词时，应译为“不做某事有(多长)时间了” 。5名词短语充当连词引导时间状语从句常见的此类短语有：the moment，the minute，the instant，the first，the first (second.last) time，last
10、 time，next time，any time，each time/every time，by the time 等。Each time he came to Harbin，he would call on me.他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。注意 当 by the time 引导时间状语从句时，在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主 句的谓语动词用将来完成时。二、原因状语从句引导原因状语从句常用的连词有：because，since，as，now that，for 等。1because 表因果关系的语气最强，常用来回答 wh
11、y 的提问，所引出的原因往往是听话人不知道或最感兴趣的。because 引导的原因状语从句往往比主句显得更重要。Im leaving because I am fed up with the boss.我离开是因为我讨厌老板。2since 表示人们已知的事实。不需要强调的原因，故常译成“既然” ，通常放在句首。since 引导的从句是次要的，重点强调主句的内容。Since everybody is here，lets begin.既然大家都来了，咱们就开始吧！3as 所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不须用 because 加以强调。as 引导的从句与主句具有同等的地位。
12、As it is raining，lets do something indoors.既然下雨了，咱们就做点室内活动吧。4now that 用来说明一种新情况，然后再加以推论。常译为“现在已经，既然已” 。Now that Ive seen how he lives，I know why he needs so much money.看过了他的生活状况，我现在才知道他为什么需要那么多钱。5for 表示的原因只是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因，它与前一分句不存在因果关系。它所引导的分句只能放在句子后面。The day breaks，for the birds are singing.天亮了，鸟
13、儿都在叫了。(不是直接原因，而是推断的结果。)当堂检测：1The two military exercises were similar_they were both intended to give a threat to a certain country.(2013江苏苏、锡、常、镇二调)Ato what Bfor whichCin that Dexcept that2I was much impressed by the great changes and fast pace of life in Shanghai_I came to visit this fantastic city
14、.(2013河北衡水中学一模)Aat the first time Bfor the first timeCby the first time Dthe first time3It is morning_we have four classes, not afternoon.(2013衡水模拟)Awhen Bwhich Cthat Dwhy4Whats your plan for this July?I will take a bullet train to Fuzhou for my holiday_school ends.(2013厦门调研)Awhile BuntilCunless Dim
15、mediately课后反思：_课后训练单项填空用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1. The light in the office is still on.Oh, I forgot _ (turn) it off.2. We didnt expect _(see) you here.3. I regret _ (tell) you that youve failed the exam.4. The boy had no choice but _ (give in).5. It is important and necessary _ (master) a foreign language and computer skills.6. We should prevent him from _ (sleep) in class.7. I dont remember ever _ (meet) you before.8. He tried to avoid _ (late) again.
