1、An Irish writer,An Irish writer,A great satirist,Author of Gullivers Travel,Guess,A misanthrope/cynic,Kitty 2010All Rights Reserved,Content,Swifts lifeSwifts points of view Swifts humanist viewSwifts worksSwifts styleThe significance of “Gullivers Travels ” in social criticismThe image of Gulliver,J
2、onathan Swift(16671745) p.187-189,Life story,posthumous child (遗腹子),aid grudgingly (unwillingly),at war with authorities,Temples house,help for the talented young man,brain disease,“special favor”特许学位证书,Swifts points of view,1.1 Politically, he was neither conservative nor radical and was not commit
3、ted to any party politics. (shifted from the Whig to the Tory)1.2 He always had a deep hatred for the rich oppressors and a deep sympathy for the poor.1.3 He was rather liberal-minded and always remained a fighter for truth, justice, equality, and freedom.,He attacked all forms of hypocrisy, vice罪恶,
4、 war, trickery, corruption, abuse of religious belief, and exploitation and oppression. 1.4 He viewed human society with contempt and has been called a cynic 愤世嫉俗and even a misanthrope厌恶、不愿与人类交往的人.1.5 He held the opinion that human nature was seriously and permanently flawed, thus human nature and h
5、uman institutions both need constant reform and improvement.,Swifts humanist view,Swift was a man of great moral integrity & social charm. A man with bitter life experience, he had a deep hatred for all the rich oppressors & a deep sympathy for all the poor & oppressed. His understanding of human na
6、ture is profound. In his opinion, human nature is seriously & permanently flawed. To better human life, enlightenment is needed, but to redress救济 it is very hard. So, in his writings, although he intends not to condemn but to reform & improve human nature &human institutions There is often an under
7、or over tone of helplessness & indignation.,Swifts Works,A Tale of a Tub (2) The Battle of the Books 一个木桶的故事1704 书的战争书战1704,in the form of An allegory,a satire upon all religious sects an attack on Christianity itself,an attack on pedantry(买弄学问),(3) Gullivers Travels格林佛游记1706,Lilliput (小人国),a satire
8、 on the Tories(托利党) & the Whigs(辉格党),Brobdingnag(大人国),a satire on English lords and ladies,Flying Island（飞岛）,a satire on corrupted philosophers & projectors,country of horses(马岛),a satire on the conflicts of English society,Swifts Works,Pamphlets on Ireland: Irish Series,(4) The Drapers Letters 一个麻布
9、商的书信（1724）(5) A Modest Proposal 一个小小的建议 （1729）,Denounce谴责 the cruel and unjust treatment of Ireland by the English government and stir up the Irish people to fight.,Swifts Style,One of the greatest masters of English prose; realist writersimple, clear, vigorous language;simple, direct and precise pr
10、ose;a master satirist;deadly(非常有效的) irony;expresses democratic ideas in his works.,The significance of “Gullivers Travels ” in social criticism,The novel is one of the most effective and bitter criticism and satire of all aspects in the English and European life: socially, politically, religiously s
11、cientifically and morally.to improve humanity and society and hoped to change peoples attitudes and behaviors by holding them up for ridicule. To cure the vices of the society by grave irony.Cherished a deep love for the people.Its exploration into human nature is profound.,Gullivers Travels,By Jona
12、than Swift,Kitty 2010,Introduction,Swifts greatest satire Gullivers Travels, is written in 1726, the book has not lost its significance to the present day and can be justly ranked among the best novel of world literature.,Gullivers Travels serves as a biting satire, and Swift ensures that it is both
13、 humorous and critical, constantly attacking British and European society through its descriptions of imaginary countries.,Gullivers Travels 格列佛游记,斯威夫特最著名的寓言小说。以里塞缪尔格列佛船长的口气叙述周游四国的情景。格列佛船长到达的第一个国家是小人国，居民身高仅6英寸。君主和大臣贪婪残暴，党派之间倾轧争夺，国家之间战祸连绵不断，都为映射时政而发。格列佛然后来到了大人国，居民身高有如铁塔。格列佛在与大人国国王谈话时竭力宣扬英国政体之完善，军威之无敌
14、，武器之高超，但都受到国王的谴责。,随后格列佛来到飞岛国。飞岛国有一块属地，如果居民稍有不顺，飞岛就飞临上空断其阳光，或降落在国土之上，把属地居民压成粉末。这是对英国剥削爱尔兰的殖民主义政策的尖锐抨击。最后格列佛来到贤马国，统治者是具有高度理性的贤马，另外有人形动物，他们贪婪忌妒凶残心毒，从外表到内心都令人憎恶，可以说是罪恶的化身。斯威夫特借此表明，如果人类让贪欲战胜理智，人类就可能堕落成为人形动物。这是对资本主义社会的猛烈抨击。,Plot and Major Characters,Written in the form of a travel journal, Gullivers Trave
15、ls is the fictional account of four extraordinary voyages made by Lemuel Gulliver, a physician who signs on to serve as a ships surgeon when he is unable to provide his family with a sufficient income in London.,Film clip,http:/ makes our deep-sea voyages, which are described in the four parts of th
16、e book.,小人国,马国,飞岛,大人国,First voyage-Lilliput,On the very first voyage, Gulliver is shipwrecked.,Of all the ships crew he alone survives. He swims to the shore of a strange land, inhabited by Lilliputians, the tallest of whom is six inches high.,When bending my eyes downward as much as I could, I perc
17、eived a human not six inches high!,The king of lilliput,Little by little he gets used to their life and even takes part in the war with the neighbouring state of Blefuseu.,Treason叛国罪,Major themes,The first voyage has been interpreted as an allegorical satire of the political events of the early eigh
18、teenth century, a commentary on the moral state of England.The war with the tiny neighboring island represents Englands rivalry between Whigs and Tories.,Second voyage-Brobdingnag,Gulliver finally escapes Lilliput and returns briefly to England before a second voyage takes him to Brobdingnag. While
19、on shore, Gulliver is captured by giants, each of whom is the size of a water-tower.,On the whole, the Brobdingnagians are good-natured creatures, and they treat Gulliver kindly, though they are amused by his tiny size and looked upon him as a plaything.,Gulliver,Compare with Lilliput, the Brobdingn
20、agians have an enlightened monarch（开明的君主）. She often interrogates（询问） Gulliver on European affairs.,Gulliver abruptly departs Brobdingnag when a giant eagle flies off with him and drops him in the ocean.,Third voyage-Laputa,He soon embarks on his third voyage to the flying island of Laputa,Laputa is
21、 a mysterious land inhabited by scientists, magicians, and sorcerers（男巫） who engage in ridiculous experiment.,The voyage to Laputa is a scathing（尖刻的） attack upon science in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and reveals Swifts contempt and disdain for abstract theory and ideology（思想） that is no
22、t of practical service to human.,Major themes,The intellectuals of Laputa were far too busy having great thoughts to be burdened with the chores of farming. So they just flying over lands, collecting Brain Taxes（人头税） from the villages below. Then buckets would be lowered to be filled with food and d
23、rink and whatever else they want .,Final voyage-Houyhnhnm,Once again Gulliver returns to England before a final journey, to the land of the Houyhnhnm,In the country of Houyhnhnm,In Houyhnhnms language,There is no evil, no lie, no illness, no power, no war, no government, no law, no punishment and th
24、ousands of other things that exists in our society.,Houyhnhnms are a superior race of intelligent horses.,Anything bad is about Yahoos,Yahoos, a vile(极坏的) and depraved（堕落的） race of ape-like creatures.,Gulliver is eventually exiled from Houyhnhnm society when the horses gently insist that Gulliver mu
25、st return to live among his own kind. After this fourth and final voyage, he returns to England, where he has great difficulty adjusting to everyday life. All people everywhere remind him of the Yahoos.,The final voyage reveals Swifts ultimate satiric objectmans inability to come to terms with his t
26、rue nature. The Yahoos as a satiric representation of debased(品质恶劣的) humanity, while taking the Houyhnhnms as representatives of Swifts ideals of rationality and order.,Major themes,Gullivers Travels has always been Swifts most discussed work. Critics have provided a wide variety of interpretations
27、of each of the four voyages, of Swifts satiric targets, and of the narrative voice.The massive amount of criticism devoted to Swift each year reflects his continued literary importance: his work is valuable not for any statement of ultimate meaning, but for its potential for raising questions in the
28、 mind of the reader.,http:/ image of Gulliver,a narrator, and a character with many admiring qualities: Hopeful, simple, fairly direct, full of good will, ordinary, relatively conventional, lacking imagination, accepting things at face value信以为真 , innocent. A scientist, trained doctor, a keen observer: resourceful, Intelligent, educated, observant A misanthrope in the end: not portrayed as an exceptionally good or bad man.,Thank you,点击.格列佛游记观看影片,
