1、高考短文改错及常见错误类型,杨初升,题型的考查特征,高考短文改错是知识和能力的综合测试题型。主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性及词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。高考短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变，知识层次多，覆盖面广，包括词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等，是一种在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。,通过检测考生发现、判断、纠正文章错误的能力，进而考查学生的词法、句法及行文逻辑等方面的水平，考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，考生英语水平的高低完全可以从这一题型体现出来，然而很多考生对该题感到束手无策。问题的关键在于找不到错误、不会找错误。那么怎样找错误、发现
2、错误就成了解题的必要所在。,选材命题特征,短文改错的文体多为第一/三人称记叙文、应用文(以书信为主)。一般在110词左右。所选取的语言材料贴近实际生活，多为考生所熟知，且话题贴近学生，有的带点幽默，有的包含教育意义。文字浅显易懂，材料中没有生僻、超纲的词汇；句子结构简单，基本上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句；语言地道，符合英语语言习惯。,解题步骤：,通读全文，掌握大意； 整句分析，逐行推敲，上下文联系，先易后难； 答题规范 （三种格式）,常见错误类型,（1）谓语动词 （2）非谓语动词 （3）名词 （4）定冠词和不定冠词 （5）代词 （6）形容词和副词 （7）数词 （8）介词 （9）连词 .,(一)
3、常见动词错误类型,1.一般现在时与一般过去时错用; Eg:They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.,do,2. and前后动词时态不一致 Eg:As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.,visited,3.主谓不一致 Eg:One evening she told me that something happened when her
4、 parents was out.,were,4.缺少动词,特别是be动词; Eg:There will an important game next month. be,5.第三人称单数形式错用 Eg:He often go to school at seven.goes,6.主动语态和被动语态错用 Eg:Ill show you around many places of interest, introduced a large number of old buildings to you.,introducing,(二)非谓语动词的常见错误,and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离
5、较远时); Eg：I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the seeing changing colors of the leaves on the trees.,2.介词后用动名词形式作宾语; Eg：Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.,reading,3.不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时 Eg：But his parents think go to college i
6、s more important than playing sports.,going,going,4.某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。 Eg:Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper.,talking,(三)名词的常见错误,1.单复数名词错用 Eg：I will get good marks in all my subject.,subjects,2.可数名词与不可数名词错用 Eg：Their word were a great encouragement to me.Without enough knowledges, you can ne
7、ver teach well.,words,knowledge,（四）冠词错误,1.误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定) Eg：I usually spend half a hour on my morning exercises.,an,2.误用a/an和the（固定搭配，或泛指、特指 ） Eg： We may be one family and live under a same roof.,the,3.多冠词或少冠词 Eg：As everyone knows, its famous mountain .aI hope you have pleasant journey.a,（五）代
8、词常见错误,1.代词的主格和宾格(I / me;he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )错误; Eg:Thatll be a wonderful chance for she to experience English culture.,her,2.代词的单数和复数使用错误 Eg:Twenty-six percent of the students say that English stories are his favorite.,their,3. 反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselv
9、es)使用错误; Eg:How about writing to Tom by himself?,yourself,4.代词指代错误 Eg:There was a beauteful park with many trees around them.,it,5.多代词或少代词 Eg:Although he suffers a great deal,he never loses his heart.,(六)形容词和副词错误,1.系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel); Eg：My pronunciation was te
10、rribly.,terrible,2. 词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词或副词) Eg：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.,wonderful,(七)数词常见错误,。基、序数词互换 In the early nineteen century, China was weak, and Hong Kong was so good a place that many foreign countries wanted to have it.,nineteenth,（八）介词错误,1.词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差 Eg：Th
11、ere are too many people among my family.,in,in,2.介词的多用或少用 Eg：I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.,（九）连词错误,连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等。关于连词，一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。,Eg：I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. I teach t
12、hem, play with them, but watch them growing up.Clever as she is, but she works very hard.,whose,and,课堂小任务,请你修改作文，文中共有十处语言错误，每句中最多有2处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处增加一个漏字符号（），并其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。,Hong Kong lies in southeast of China. It covers a area of one thousan
13、d and ninety-two square kilometer. It has a population of over six millions. Hong Kong belong to China all the time in history. In the early nineteen century, China was weak, and Hong Kong was so good place that many foreign countries want to have it. In the end the British imperialists took Hong Ko
14、ng with force, so ruled it for one and a half centuries.,Hong Kong lies in southeast of China. It covers a area of one thousand and ninety-two square kilometer.,the,an,kilometers,It has a population of over six millions. Hong Kong belong to China all the time in history.,million,belongs,In the early
15、 nineteen century, China was weak, and Hong Kong was so good place that many foreign countries want to have it.,nineteenth,a,wanted,In the end the British imperialists took Hong Kong with force, so ruled it for one and a half centuries.,by,and,总结（summary）,1.句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词，如谓语动词的时态、语态；还有非谓语动词的用法等。 2.名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确 3.定冠词和不定冠词是否正确 4.代词的格和性的使用是否有误; 5.并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当 6.定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误。,总结四原则 （summary）,改动以最少为原则; 虚词以添加或删除为原则; 实词以改变词形为原则 以保持句子原意为原则。总之，从历年全国高考题来看，短文改错绝大多数题目还是句子层次的问题，侧重语言的准确性，所以 对句子结构正确与否的审查是关键的一步。,Thank you!,
