1、1音素和国际音标 1什么是音素:音素是语音的最小单位。2音素的分类:元音和辅音。3音素的个数:共 48 个,元音音素 20 个,辅音音素 28 个。4什么是音标:记录音素的符号叫做音标。5什么是国际音标:国际音标是由国际语音协会规定的一套音标,用来记录世界各主要语言的语音。 7. 开音节:a) 辅音+元音+ 辅音+e : name, bike, home, due, plane, shineb) 辅音+元音: he, go, hi, do, be, tree, three, hello8. 闭音节:a) 辅音+元音+ 辅音: bad, bed, sit, hot, cup,let, mad,
2、mapb)元音+辅音: it,is, of, in, on, up, out, ant9.重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 语音的基本常识 1、音节的划分: 一个单词的音标中有几个元音就有几个音节。2、重读音节:任何双音节或多音节单词的音标中,有重读音节和非重读音节 ,哪一个音节重读,该音节的左上方或该音节的元音上方标有重读符号“”。3、浊化音以 sp_, st_, sk_开头的单词中,清辅音/p/ /t/ /k/分别要发浊辅音/b/ /d/ /g/。4、定冠词 the 的读音e.g. the man2c.f. the old man5、不完全爆破爆破音p b t d k g 后面紧跟另一
3、个爆破音时,前面的那个爆破音只在口腔内形成阻碍,而不能完全读出。例如:basketball the part of the earth 6、连读在一个短语或句子中,如果相邻两词的关系相等密切,而前一个词以辅音结尾,后一个词以元音开头,辅音和元素连在一起读。7、意群的停顿对于一个较长的句子,可以根据意思和结构将其分成几群, 一个意群必须一口气说完。长元音a: : i: : u:12 个单元音短元音 i u e元音8 个双元音ai ei i i e u au u辅音10对清辅音p t k f s t tr ts3浊辅音b d g v z 3 d3 dr dz3 个鼻音 m n 3 个似拼音 h r
4、 l2 个半元音 w j第一课 元音i: i : 学习(一)i: 发这个音的字母和字母组合 e ea ee e: me be she he we eveningee: sweet bee sweep sheep see sleep three greenea: meat leaf sea pea teach eat clean根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发音相同的两个词。1. seat rain bean cat 2. gift feet teacher dog43. pig star tree jeep 4. sweet sea fish the(二) i 发这个音的字母和字母组
5、合 i e y ey ayi: pig fish in fifteen six ship thine: begin behind jacket basketbally: happy heavy busy lorry carry sunny lovely study thirsty twenty thirty windy rainyey: monkey moneyay: Sunday Saturday Friday 根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词。1. sofa sit kick lip 2. ink gift jam ship3. hand picture big siste
6、r 4. hot lick pig jelly(三): 发这个音的字母和字母组合 er ir ur ear orer: her serve termir: bird girl skirt first dirty skirt shirt ur: nurse Thursday turtle purple curtainear: early learn 5or: word work world根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母组合发音相同的单词。1.thirty beer thirsty wheat 2. bank king her nurse3.turtle bird rabbit knee 4.r
7、oom run shirt term(四) 发这个音的字母和字母组合 ure er ar or a eure: pictureer: teacher brother dinner father sisterar: sugaror: doctor a: panda about above camera sofa China根据发音规则,找出发的 2 个单词写在后面的横线上。1.mother sofa road smile 2.sit father sister food 3. hair deer tiger China 4.sugar soon ear leader 练习1. 找出下列没有相同发
8、音的词。6( ) he feet bread green( ) pig is dog ship( ) thirty bird her food( ) she big in money( ) sweets fish teacher we( ) teacher sister about girl( ) tiger first work shirt( ) tree bean clean chin( ) father doctor skirt china( ) happy sea sit picture2. 读音标写单词。bi: b:d si: swi:t bizi h: dkt sist li:f
9、hi: 3. 连线。meat :thirsty i:driver animal i:7第二课 音标: u: u学习(一): 发这个音的字母和字母组合 a aw al or oora: wateraw: draw strawberryal: ball wallor: horse corn fork or short oor: floor door根据发音规则,找出发:的 1 个单词写在后面的横线上。1.tall bird bread poor 2.idea chair sport hare 3.cake bear walk cup 4.drink short bag milk (二) 发这个音的
10、字母和字母组合 o ao: fox coffee dog shop dog doctor longa: watch 根据发音规则,找出发:的 2 个单词写在后面的横线上。81.doctor teacher box clothes 2.cold zoo clock dog3.love boss lot violin 4.watch beach fox girl(三)u: 发这个音的字母和字母组合 o oo ui o: do who whoseoo: food moon tooui: fruit juiceu: ruler rude 根据发音规则,找出不发u:的单词。1. juice moon z
11、oo panda 2. tooth broom eye spoon3. head boot noodles pool 4. noon cool boot watch(四)u 发这个音的字母和字母组合 o oo uo: woman wolfoo: look good book foot woodu: bull bullet根据发音规则,选出与其它单词元音发音不相同的单词。1.mouth book look pull 2.push tape sugar foot3.wood kind wolf bull 94.bullet wood cook name练习一抄写音标,一个抄写 10 遍,一边抄写一
12、边读。u: u:: : :: 二找出下列没有相同发音的词。( ) moon food eat fruit( ) true book wood look( ) four small walk bird( ) got clock shop shirt( ) bus foot push book( ) lost ball long ox( ) ruler dog mooncake blue( ) big ship horse it四. 写出单词或音标。bru:m d: sit b:d fut wi: dg sist look do water good too foot clock first 10
13、work sister doctor sea五. 将下列单词与正确的音标用线连起来。hot blu:football hukblue ki:shook futb:lkiss ht第三课 音标a: e 练习(一)a: 发这个音的字母和字母组合 a ar au eara: grass glass class plant dance fast father last ar: car star arm March garden dark scarf au: laugh auntear: heart根据发音规则,圈出发a:的 2 个单词。1.arm lip doctor card 2. cloud ca
14、rt garden gate3.ball scarf dark tiger 4. job lorry March park11(二) 发这个音的字母和字母组合 o u oo ouo: son come colour love money u: sun nut jump gum bus brush supper usou: touch cousin country根据发音规则,找出每组中发 的单词。1.hear cup bed air 2. voice boy duck ant3.vase corn bear gun 4. cute boy money her(三) 发这个音的字母和字母组合 a
15、a: dad cap cat bad apple bag flag hand rabbit ant black fat has 根据发音规则,找出每组中发的单词。1.rat bed face sport 2.hear cup fat pear3.rice bat finger tree 4.sea young knife apple(四)e 发这个音的字母和字母组合 e ea12e: egg bell desk leg pet ten penea: bread head breakfast根据发音规则,找出每组中不发e的单词。1.cat well leg pen 2.sweat map pet
16、 elephant3.egg ten tall desk 4.bread head bed toy练习一抄写音标,一个抄写 5 遍。a:: : : e:_二选出下列没有相同发音的词。( ) 1. car arm food garden( ) 2. true jump bus cut ( ) 3. bag short map flag( ) 4. egg pen head small( ) 5. got clock bell dog( ) 6. rabbit book wood foot( ) 7. rat bat apple ten( ) 8. gun star duck moneg三. 写出
17、单词或音标。13pa:st ru:m swet sitft gt cp sh:t bag car bus bread star head四. 选出下列每题中元音有几种读音,有一种读音的在( )里画,有两种读音的画,有三种的画( ) 1. hat fast cook last ( ) 2. jeep door sun gum( ) 3. dad cap hand map( ) 4. star car cut from( ) 5. skirt sheep bird her 第四课 元音音标ei ai i au练习(一)ei 发这个音的字母和字母组合 a ai ay a: cake make nam
18、e game snake gate lazyai: rain train wait ay: day May play taday way 根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发音不一样的单词。1.face wave sheep tail 2.grape plane name coat143.time tape train snake 4.rain soap cake train(二)ai 发这个音的字母和字母组合 i y ie uyi: kite bike nice tiger write knifey: by cry fly my sky try whyie: tie pie uy: buy根据发音
19、规则,找出每组中发ai的 2 个单词.1.rice good jam right 2.ship mine ice-cream mouse3.cloud sit tie eye 4.write small tennis kite(三)i 发这个音的字母和字母组合 oi oyoi: oil boil coin oy: boy toy根据发音规则,找出每组中发i的 2 个单词.1.soil hear soy cold 2. rabbit bed boy noise3.walk voise boil word 154. tea enjoy toy milk(四)au 发这个音的字母和字母组合 ou o
20、w ou: house mouse mouth trousers ow: flower cow how now down根据发音规则,选出不发au的单词。1mouse cloud arm clown 2.teacher trousers cow mouth3. town dance flower house 4.tower blouse now baby练习 一抄写音标,一个抄写 5 遍。 ei: ai: i: au:_ 二. 选出下列没有发相同发音的词( ) 1. cake egg rain May( ) 2. kite cry broom fly( ) 3. boy joy cat noi
21、se( ) 4. blouse sun cow house( ) 5. tower flower mouth arm三. 读音标,将下列单词补充完整或写出字母,单词的音标。klaud set kin kr:sc_ _ _d s_ _ c_ _n cr_ _sflg trein desk smail f_ _g tr_ _n d_ _ _ s_ _le16hi boy cow now cake mytoy bike house face how nice四. 把下列单词下正确的音标连接起来bow baugate paitray geitpie treipoison pizn第五课 元音音标u i
22、 e u的练习(一)u 发这个音的字母和字母组合 o oa owo: nose rose poen over oa: boat coat soap goat ow:show window snow bowl 根据发音规则,圈出每组中发 u的 2 个单词。1coat goat tree river 2.make window knife road3. your white row coat 174.boat hen nose lamp(二)i 发这个音的字母和字母组合 ear eerear: ear hear teareer: deer beer根据发音规则,圈出每组中发i的 1 个单词。1.b
23、ear beer fair tail 2.noodles pair near come3.horse near tower air 4. ring king here three(三)e 发这个音的字母和字母组合 air ear air: hair chair pair ear:pear bear wear根据发音规则,圈出每组中发e 的 1 个单词。1.bear idea pineapple tail 2.noodles pair climb come3.horse house tower air 4. ring king hare three(四)u 发这个音的字母和字母组合 oor ou
24、r ureoor: poorour: tour 18ure: sure pure根据发音规则,圈出每组中发u 的 1 个单词。1.clear tourist pineapple tail 2.noodles pair climb fury3.beard cure tower air 4. voice king pure engineer练习一抄写音标,一个抄写 5 遍。u: i: e: u:_ 二. 选出下列没有相同发音的词。( ) 1. mouth coat goat window( ) 2. dear beer cake teacher( ) 3. pair boy air hare( )
25、 4. poor tour Europe cry( ) 5. boat bike side fly三. 写出单词或音标。nuz said i kau pepu bt wu:d go ear photo deer near nose hear19五. 把下列单词与音标用线连起来。r uz theater it roseskwe tourtu squarepleisiz places辅音音标爆破音: ptk bdg摩擦音: f v s z 破擦音: tr dr ts dz t t3 鼻辅音: m n 舌侧音: 1)出现在元音之前叫作清晰舌边音2)出现在辅音及单词末尾时叫作模糊舌边音半元音:擦音中气
26、流较弱,摩擦较小,介于元音跟辅音之间的音 w j 3 h r第六课 辅音音标p b t d练习(一)p 发这个音的字母和字母组合 p pp20p: piano panda parrot pet ship sheep pig stoppp: apple happy 根据发音规则,圈出没有发p的单词。1.ship phone sleep pear 2.pick pen big pineapple3.taxi parrot sheep pig 4.panda pony pet truck(二)b 发这个音的字母和字母组合 b bb b: book ball bird big boy bag bana
27、nabb:rubber rabbit cabbage根据发音规则,圈出发b的 2 个单词。1.cab gift beach love 2. pet god tub bed 3.weather boy bus make 4.rabbit read dress baby(三)t 发这个音的字母和字母组合 t tt t: table tea taxi cat rat fat ticket tt: butter matter根据发音规则,圈出没有发t的 1 个单词。1.taxi fat bag toy 212.hat ticket tea duck3.pocket packet cat rain(四)
28、d 发这个音的字母和字母组合 d edd: duck seed door desk day red head bed read colded: smiled opened played根据发音规则,圈出没有发d的 1 个单词。1.bed clothes hand 2.dog cold five3.dance duck grape练习一抄写音标,一个抄写 5 遍。p: b: t: d:_ 二. 选出下列没有相同发音的词( ) 1. pear ship coat pig( ) 2. taxi bean cab cabbage( ) 3. hat sea ticket wallet( ) 4. se
29、ed dance hand full( ) 5. pick pen sit pineapple22( ) 6. cold find door chair ( ) 7. cloth purple pool push( ) 8. eat fan quiet set三.写出单词或音标。pnd kt di:p klaudapple pear rabbit read四. 改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词。short_(衣物) sea_(感官动词)pet _(蔬菜) ten_ (动物)第七课 辅音音标k g s z学习(一)k发这个音的字母和字母组合 c k ckc: cap cook cup
30、car can classk: cook milk key desk kite cake ck: clock sock cock neck从下列单词中找出一个发sk的单词。1. cake car desk neck 2. mask rock ink clock3. disk truck silk duck23(二)g 发这个音的字母和字母组合 g ggg: glass golf get girl bag goat flaggg: egg 据发音规则,圈出发g的单词。gas drive gum give violin bag jeans orange log bridge guesstank g
31、rade long language (三)s发这个音的字母和字母组合 s c ss ces: star sun snake sea seec: pencil city cedar ceiling celebrate ss: grass glass class boss ce: face race rice nice根据发音规则,圈出每组中 2 个发s的单词。1. whose juice lick student 2. those case scarf shoes3. space nose science meat 4. tears piece bus nose (四)z发这个音的字母和字母组
32、合 z s se24z: zero zebra zoos: bags photos sistersse: nose rose根据发音规则,圈出每组中 2 个发z的单词。1.zoo freeze lick case 2. game play busy shoes3.dog nose rose meat 4. tears peanut eagle zero练习一抄写音标,一个抄写 5 遍。k: g: s: z:_ 二. 将下列没有相同发音的词找出来( ) 1. car stay neck clock( ) 2. gas give drive bag( ) 3. sea boss rice cook
33、( ) 4. lick zoo rose zero( ) 5. tears freeze desk busy三. 写出单词或音标。rais nuz sneik gra:s_ _ _ _glf gla:s kk ki:_ _ _ _leg cake rice mouse 25nose bag get kite_ _ _ _四. 把下列单词与音标用线连接起来。socks giglgiggle gustghost sksface ti:zcheese feis五. 根据翻译提示。(1)Daisy is the desk on dancing Miss._Daisy 小姐正在桌子上跳舞。(2)name
34、 sneik is My._我的名字叫做蛇。(3)a bi: Im busy._我是一只忙碌的小蜜蜂第八课 辅音音标 3 t d3练习(一) 发这个音的字母和字母组合 s shs: sugar sure sh: ship sheep wash cash shop she根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发 的 2 个单词。261. shell ship watch desk 2. truck shirt skirt ship3. brush carrat sheep sleep 4. hero shape street shelf(二)3发这个音的字母和字母组合 s s: television, u
35、sually, Asia measure a garage, an unusual collision; a great decision;根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发3的 2 个单词。1. shell ship garage desk 2. truck shirt pleasure ship3. brush casual sheep sleep 4. hero shape leisure shelf(三)t发这个音的字母和字母组合 ch tchch: teacher peach cherry chair tch: watch match 根据发音规则,找出下列单词中发t 的单词,并抄下来。
36、chair dumpling beach cheese night she monkeyChina church these flower egg dream shark chick catch27(四)d3发这个音的字母和字母组合 g j dgeg: ginger giraffe j: jump job jam ge: orange cabbage cage根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发d3的单词。egg giraffe dragon grass cabbage job gift gate orange drug jeans gun练习一抄写音标,一个抄写 5 遍。: 3: t: d3: _
37、 二. 选出下列具有相同发音的单词。( )1. shell watch ship see( ) 2. shell pleasure sick treasure( )3. chair China Monkey dream( )4. job gift door cabbage( )5. grass chick start jeans三. 写出单词或音标。d3m pi:t ip w28_ _ _ _ fish sheep she catch _ _ _ _peach chick shoes watch_ _ _ _第九课 音标f v 的练习(一)f发这个音的字母和字母组合 f ff ph ghf:
38、five fan flower fish four leafff: giraffe ph: phone elephant photogh: laugh选出下列单词中不发f 的单词,写在横线上。knife flower foot fish pick get photo giraffe laugh leaf(二)v发这个音的字母和字母组合 v vev: video vase vestve: five love violin根据发音规则,在不发v的单词上打 29violin move vote window van volcano white woman victory wet (三)发这个音的字母和字母组合 thth: three thin third teeth mouth根据发音规则,圈出不发 的单词。1father three maths thirsty 2. mouth throat Thursday brother3. think thirsty mother thousand4. thin thick they teeth (四) 发这个音的字母和字母组合 thth: father mother brother clothes weather根据发音规则,圈出每组中发